乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床意义

目的:评价应用蓝染料示踪剂识别乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinellymphnode,SLN)的可行性和SLN预测腋窝淋巴结(axillarylymphnode,ALN)转移的准确性。方法:应用亚士蓝对43例临床腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者进行SLN定位和活检术。结果:38例找到SLN,SLN检出率88.4%。SLN的成功定位与患者的年龄有关。SLN预测ALN状态的准确率94.7%,假阴性2例。结论:蓝染料示踪法定位乳腺癌SLN是成功率较高的方法,且操作简单、花费少;SLN活检能够准确预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况。在将来治疗腋淋巴结阴性乳腺癌中,这一技术可以免除患者接受不必要的腋淋巴结清扫术。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴活检的临床应用价值

目的探讨前哨淋巴结(sentined lympy node,SLN)定位和活检(SLNB)及其对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的准确性.方法对46例临床检查及B超检测腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者,术中在肿瘤周围或活检腔的正常乳腺组织皮下注射美蓝,进行SLN定位和活检.对常规病理检查阴性的SLN再行免疫组化检测.结果SLNB的检出成功率为93.5%(43/46),准确率为95.4%,假阴性率为6.3%,敏感度为93.8%,特异度为100%.结论用美蓝作SLN定位进行SLNB能准确预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(ALN)转移状态.     

美蓝染料法示踪早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结50例临床观察

目的 :探讨使用美蓝染料法示踪和定位乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)的可行性和预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的准确性。方法:对50例临床早期乳腺癌患者(0～Ⅱ期)在乳晕下及肿瘤周围皮下注射蓝色染料美蓝来示踪和定位SLN,行淋巴结活检和清扫,病理检查并分析结果。结果:成功检出SLN 47例,检出率94.0%(47/50),本组准确率为93.6%(44/47),假阴性率为9.4%(3/32),假阳性率为0。结论:使用国产染料美蓝示踪和定位乳腺癌SLN是可行的,能较准确地反应ALN的情况,并减少手术创伤。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检对腋窝淋巴结转移的临床意义

目的　评价前哨淋巴结活检 (SLND)对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移 (ALN)的价值。方法　本组 30例原发乳腺癌患者 ,术前ALN阴性 ,术中注入美蓝 ,前哨淋巴结活检 ;随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫 (ALND) ,术后行SLND、ALN连续病理切片检查。结果　 30例患者中 ,2 9例检测到SLN ,其中 2 8例的SLN可准确预测腋窝淋巴结转移 (ALNM)状态 ;假阴性率 11 1% ,总敏感性是 88 9% ,准确性是 96 6 %。结论　应用美蓝淋巴结定位方法进行SLND可以准确预测原发乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的状态     

乳腺前哨淋巴结活检的临床价值

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌治疗中的临床价值。方法 对58例确诊的乳腺癌患考进行前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymphatic node biopsy,SLNB)和腋窝淋巴结切除术(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)。乳腺前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymphatic node,，SLN)用活性染料异硫蓝标记。SLN经常规苏木精和伊红(HE)染色和连续病理切片检查。结果 58例中有50例发现有前哨淋巴结，鉴别成功率86．2％，20例39个前哨淋巴结癌转移，SLN及腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node dissection,ALN)均末转移29例，SLN转移、ALN末见转移0例，SLN及ALN均见转移20例，SLN假阴性1例。常规病理切片阴性的SLN经过连续多层面切片1例见微小转移灶。结论 SLNB对于发现乳腺癌腋下淋巴转移有较高的敏感性，是一种有效、准确的评价腋窝淋巴结转移的方法。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的临床病理意义

目的:探讨乳腺癌淋巴结勘测性前哨淋巴结活检对于临床病理的意义.方法:对54例 T1及T2浸润性乳腺癌患者实行勘测性前哨淋巴结切除术(sentinel lymph node dissec tio n, SLND)和腋窝淋巴结切除术(axillary lymph node dissection, ALND).T1肿瘤直径< 2 cm,T2肿瘤直径2～5 cm.乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)的勘测用活性蓝示踪法识别.SLN经常规苏木精和伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色、病理分析及连续多层切片检查.结果:54例T1及T2浸润性乳腺癌100%发现前哨淋巴结,共切除168个,1 5例29个前哨淋巴结见癌转移,SLN及腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)均未转移38 例,SLN癌转移、ALN未见转移5例,SLN及ALN均见转移10例,SLN假阴性1例.常规病理检查阴性的SLN经过连续多层面切片1例发现微小转移灶.结论:SLND对于发现乳腺癌腋下转移有高的敏感性,是一个有用的、准确评价腋窝淋巴结转移的方法.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结微转移的检测价值分析

目的 探讨临床上对乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）微转移的检测方法,并分析评价其临床意义。方法 选择广州医科大学附属第二医院收治的92例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,患者体检均无腋窝淋巴结肿大,术中对患者进行美蓝染料的注射,注射部位在原发肿块周围,将染色的淋巴结分离出送去活检,分析分离出的SLN和原发肿块的位置关系,将SLN与腋窝淋巴结（ALN）活检情况进行对比。结果 92例患者中检查出SLN的病例有81例,检出率达到88.0%（81/92）,准确性90.1%（73/81）,假阴性率9.9%（8/81）。结论 对所有乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检,检出率和准确性均较高,能够准确的反应腋窝淋巴结的转移和受侵润的情况,所以美蓝染色SLN活检的方法值得在临床上推广使用。     

蓝染料法乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的应用价值

目的研究蓝染料法在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node，SLN）活检的应用价值。方法95例期乳腺癌患者，采用亚甲蓝为示踪剂行SLN定位活检，继行腋窝淋巴结清扫，对SLN和非SLN淋巴结分别病理检查。结果SLN检出成功率为97．89％（93／95）；准确性为97．85％（91／93）；灵敏性为91．67％（22／24）：假阴性率为8．33％（2／24）；特异性为100％（71／71）。结论蓝染料乳晕区皮下注射SLN定位活检方法的成功率高，能较准确地预测腋窝淋巴结状态。     

哨兵淋巴结活检在判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移中的临床意义

目的：研究哨兵淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN)活检术（SLNbiopsy,SLNB)在判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移中的可行性及准确性,以指导cN0期乳腺癌淋巴结清扫范围。方法：本组选择临床检测腋窝淋巴结阴性的原发性乳腺癌患者64例,术中在原发肿瘤周围注射美蓝进行腋窝前哨淋巴结定位及前哨淋巴结活检,随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫（axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)。术后对全部淋巴结行常规病理检查。结果：64例患者有53例检测到前哨淋巴结,成功率82.8%,53例检测到前哨淋巴结中49例准确地判断了腋窝淋巴结转移状况（92.5%)。假阴性率13.8%,敏感性86.2%,特异性100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值85.7%。结论：SLNB基本能准确地判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状况。故能指导cN0期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫范围。     

人乳腺珠蛋白信使RNA聚合酶联反应检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结微转移

目的应用RT-PCR法检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)中乳腺珠蛋白基因(human mammaglobin,hMAM)mRNA的表达情况。探讨乳腺癌SLN定位及其微转移检测的临床意义。方法对51例乳腺癌患者采用术中肿瘤周围和乳晕下注射专利蓝的方法定位SLN,检测SLN中hMAM mR-NA的表达情况。结果SLN定位成功率为76.47%(39/51);RT-PCR检测hMAM mRNA与常规病理检查方法相比,检测SLN转移的阳性率提高了20.51%,二者差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论hMAM mR-NA可作为标志物来检测乳腺癌SLN中的微转移情况,通过SLN定位和RT-PCR的联合应用,可明显提高乳腺癌SLN微转移的检出率,对预测腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)的状态有着重要的临床价值。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.