IDO基因转染延长同种异基因大鼠移植心脏的存活

目的:了解逆转录基因载体介导的吲哚胺-2,3-加双氧酶(IDO)基因转染能否延长同种异基因大鼠移植心脏的存活时间及机理。方法:把同种异基因大鼠心脏移植模型(Lewis→BN)分成4组,A组为对照组,同种异基因大鼠心脏移植(Lewis→BN);B组:IDO基因转染后的供体心脏移植给受体大鼠;C组:空载体转染供体心脏,再移植给受体大鼠;D组:同种异基因大鼠心脏移植 CsA组(CsA5mg/kg/d×7天)。观察记录移植心脏的存活时间及术后6天组织病理学检查明确排斥反应的诊断和分级,RT-PCR检测术后6天移植心脏TNF-α的mRNA表达,FCM检测外周血活化的T细胞(CD3 CD25 )、有核细胞CD86 表达等方法探讨其机理。结果:A、B、C、D组移植心脏平均存活时间为7.2±0.45、13.2±2.16、7.1±0.62和15.6±3.21天,其中B、D组术后6天CD3 CD25 、有核细胞CD86 表达、供心组织急性排斥反应的强度和TNF-α的mRNA表达较A、C组显著降低(P<0.05),A、C组具有典型重度急性排斥反应特征而B、D组最轻。结论:逆转录基因载体介导的IDO基因转染能够延长移植心脏存活时间的作用,其机理包括抑制反应性T细胞、抑制有核细胞共刺激信号CD86表达、抑制心肌组织表达TNF-α等。     

免疫细胞在小鼠→大鼠心脏移植排斥反应中的作用

目的 :探讨T细胞、巨噬细胞 (MΦ)和自然杀伤细胞 (NK)细胞在小鼠→大鼠心脏移植反应中的作用 .方法 :动物随机分 4组 :对照组、环孢素A(CsA)组、环磷酰胺 (CyP)组和CsA +CyP组 .排斥后取移植心脏作病理学检查 .用免疫组织化学法检测CD4 ,CD8,CD5 7和CD6 8在移植物中的沉积 .结果 :单用CsA (2 .6± 1.5 )d或CyP(3.2± 1.6 )d均不能显著延长异种移植物的存活时间 ,联用CsA和CyP使移植心脏存活 (4 .7± 1.4 )d (P <0 .0 5 ) .病理检查发现被排斥心脏中大量细胞浸润 ,所有被排斥心脏中均有大量NK细胞和MΦ浸润 ,但未见CD4 +和CD8+T细胞浸润 .结论 :NK和MΦ在小鼠→大鼠心脏移植反应中起重要作用 ,而与T细胞无明显相关 .     

青藤碱在小鼠心脏移植中的抗排斥作用

目的:探讨青藤碱在小鼠心脏移植中的抗排斥作用及其可能机制。方法:在小鼠心脏移植模型中,观察异系移植组、CsA治疗组、青藤碱治疗组移植心脏存活时间、术后7 d移植物排斥反应病理分级以及IL-2mRNA表达水平。结果:青藤碱治疗组移植心脏存活时间为(17.67±0.82)d,与异系对照组(11.00±2.10)d相比明显延长(P<0.01);病理结果显示,排斥反应减轻,呈轻-中度变化;移植心脏中IL-2mRNA表达水平明显减低(P<0.01)。结论:青藤碱在小鼠心脏移植中具有抗排斥作用,作用机制可能为抑制IL-2等促排斥细胞因子表达。     

腺病毒介导CD40Ig基因在大鼠肝脏移植中的作用

目的探讨腺病毒介导CD40Ig基因(AdCD40Ig)在大鼠肝脏移植中的作用。方法随机将供受体大鼠分4组,A:同基因移植组,B:免疫排斥组,C:AdLacZ对照组,D:基因治疗组。观察大鼠存活时间,CD40Ig、细胞因子水平和移植肝病理情况。结果 D组存活时间长于B、C组(P<0.05);CD40Ig浓度于术后7天达高峰;D、A组IL-2、IFN-γ水平较B、C组明显降低(P<0.05),D组IL-10较其他组明显增加(P<0.05);B、C两组术后出现中、重度排斥反应,汇管区淋巴细胞浸润明显,D组汇管区轻度炎症,无明显血管损伤证据,病理评级较B、C组有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CD40Ig通过阻断CD40/CD40L通路,可延长移植肝存活时间,在受体内长期表达,减少汇管区淋巴细胞浸润,影响相关细胞因子的表达,对大鼠肝脏急性排斥反应有抑制作用。     

不同处理对大鼠移植心脏存活时间的影响

目的 观察供体脾细胞(SPC)与环磷酰胺(CP)联合预处理对大鼠移植心脏存活时间的影响.方法 应用大鼠颈部心脏移植模型,实验分为对照组(未干预组)、CsA组、SPC CP组.CsA组心脏移植后予环孢霉素A(CsA)10 mg/kg,SPC CP组采用供体SPC和CP预处理移植受体,然后行大鼠颈部心脏移植术.观察移植心脏存活情况及组织病理变化.结果 对照组、CsA组、SPC CP组移植心脏存活时间分别为(7.2±2.4)、(15.8±4.3)、(30.4±10.7)天;组织病理检查显示,经SPC PC预处理的移植心脏排斥反应明显减弱.结论 SPC和CP预处理可以诱导受体对移植物的免疫耐受,延长移植心脏的存活期,效果优于CsA.     

来氟米特在大鼠异种心脏移植排斥反应中对NF-κB P65的影响

目的 复制小鼠到大鼠异种心脏移植模型,探讨来氟米特(Ieflunomide,Lef)在大鼠异种心脏移植排斥反应中对NF-κB P65的影响.方法 实验动物按随机数字表法分成4组,每组6只空白移植组、环孢素A(CsA)组、来氟米特(Lef)组、Lef CsA组.采用免疫组化法和蛋白印迹杂交法检测各组移植心肌组织中NF-κB P65的表达;凝胶电泳迁移率法检测NF-κB DNA结合活性.结果单用CsA不能延长移植心脏存活时间[(2.50±1.05)d],也不能抑制移植心肌NF-κB P65蛋白的表达(263.09±28.81,IOD)和NF-κB DNA结合活性(227.49±14.83,IOD);而单用Lef可显著延长移植心脏存活时间[(4.17±1.33)d],也能显著抑制移植心肌NF-κB P65蛋白的表达(173.48±5.85,IOD)和NF-κB DNA结合活性(109.96±12.46,IOD),与空白移植和CsA组比较,均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).Lef与CsA联合应用使移植心脏存活(6.50±2.56)d,抑制移植心肌组织中NF-κB P65蛋白的表达(67.79±3.79,IOD)和NF-κB DNA结合活性(43.61±7.42,IOD)最为显著,与其他3组比较,均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 在大鼠心脏异种移植中Lef与CsA联用可通过显著抑制NF-κB P65蛋白表达和NF-κB DNA结合活性来延长移植心脏的存活时间,二者具有免疫协同作用.     

FTY720与ICAM-1单抗对小鼠-大鼠异种心脏移植抗排斥的作用

目的:研究FTY720与ICAM-1单抗(mAb)对小鼠-大鼠异种心脏移植的抗排斥作用.方法:采用小鼠-大鼠腹部心脏移植,观察移植心存活时间、病理检查、CD4和CD8细胞的浸润程度及检测血中IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4以及IgM抗体水平.结果:对照组移植心平均存活时间为(2.75±0.43)d.单用ICAM-1 mAb组移植心存活时间无明显延长,单用FTY720大剂量组移植心平均存活(4.25±0.71)d(P＜0.01):FTY720与ICAM-1 mAb大剂量联合用药组移植心存活时间平均(10.25±2.1 2)d(P＜0.01).联合用药组的病理反应、T细胞浸润及IL-2,IFN-γ,IgM水平明显减轻或降低;IgM水平与移植物存活时间呈负相关(R=-0.754,P＜0.01).结论:FTY720与ICAM-1 mAb单一用药对异种移植的抗排斥作用不明显,联合用药可有效延长异种心脏移植的存活时间并能抑制异种抗体的产生.     

白介素10在心脏移植排斥反应中表达的实验研究

研究白介素10(IL-10)在大白鼠心脏移植排斥反应中心脏局部的表达变化情况,并探讨其参与排斥反应的可能机制。分五组A组(对照组)、B组(供体特异性全血输注组)、C组(Anti-IL-2Mab组)、D组(Anti-IL-4Mab组)、E组(Anti-IL-2Mab+CsA组)处理受体,将大鼠移植心移植到受体的颈部,观察移植心存活时间、动态病理变化。并于移植术后第1d、第3d、第5d、第7d、第9d、第11d、第14d分别取移植心置于液氮中待测。应用半定量的RT-PCR法动态检测移植心IL-10的表达情况。结果表明各组移植心存活时间分别为(8.3±1.7)d、(29.2±7.1)d、(26.4±5.7)d、(10.2±1.9)d、(55.0±10.6)d。其中B组、C组对A组差异有显著意义,E组对A组及C组分别有极显著意义和显著意义。IL-10在B组、C组及E组均有较强的表达,在A组及D组表达微弱,并与移植物的存活时间密切相关。结果提示IL-10参与调节移植排斥反应,其表达水平与移植物存活时间正相关,机制可能为Th类细胞因子的免疫偏离。应用TH1类细胞因子单克隆抗体并联用免疫抑制剂可以有效的抑制移植排斥反应,从而延长移植物的存活期。     

ClC-3在大鼠异位心脏移植急性排斥期表达的研究

目的:观察氯离子通道ClC-3在大鼠异位心脏移植急性排斥期的表达及其意义。方法:建立大鼠腹部心脏异位移植模型,分对照组及环孢菌素(CsA)组,每组32只。分别灌胃给予生理盐水及CsA干预,每组8只用于观察移植心存活时间,术后1,3,5,7d各6只动态切取标本,常规组织切片监测排斥反应,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡,免疫组织化法检测Bcl-2和Bax表达的计算机图像定量分析,RT-PCR检测移植心肌组织Clc-3mRNA的表达。结果:CsA组移植心存活时间(15.4±5.1)d,长于对照组(7.6±1.5)d(P<0.01);对照组心肌细胞凋亡指数及Bax的表达强度明显高于CsA组,而Clc-3mRNA的表达显著低于CsA组。结论:移植心脏中Clc-3mRNA表达水平的高低与心脏免疫排斥反应的轻重、心肌细胞凋亡指数及Bax表达的高低密切相关,提示ClC-3在移植心脏免疫排斥反应心肌细胞凋亡中可能起着重要的调解作用。     

环孢霉素A对大鼠心脏移植模型淋巴细胞分子表达与移植心脏病理学改变时相关系的影响

【目的】 通过环孢素A(CsA)干预的异体异位心脏移植动物模型的研究,对移植术后淋巴细胞分子表达?心肌组织淋巴细胞浸润能力和移植心脏病理改变时相进行比较,探讨环孢素A对其影响?【方法】 SD大鼠为移植心脏供体,Wistar大鼠为移植心脏受体?实验分为心脏移植对照组和环孢素A干预+心脏移植组实验组两组?在移植前及移植后24 h?3 d?7 d?10 d和12 d时间点免疫荧光测定淋巴细胞在心肌组织中浸润能力?实时定量PCR检测淋巴细胞编码基因CD4?CD8 和酪氨酸激酶P59 mRNA表达水平?心肌组织病理学检查判断排斥反应程度?【结果】 ①心脏移植后24 h内,外周血淋巴细胞基因的转录与表达为一过性降低;②心肌组织CD4+?CD8+ 淋巴细胞浸润和Ⅱ级排斥反应病理改变,主要出现于心脏移植后的d3 ~ d7;③环孢素A不能有效抑制移植后3 d内心肌组织CD4+?CD8+淋巴细胞浸润程度的快速增加,但可明显降低移植后d3 ~ d7的心肌组织CD4+ 淋巴细胞的浸润程度;④环孢素A不能完全阻断淋巴细胞P59基因的表达;⑤环孢素A不能有效抑制淋巴细胞CD4基因正调表达,但可抑制CD8基因的转录?【结论】环孢素A的移植排斥反应的抑制作用在大鼠移植后d3 ~ d7?淋巴细胞基因表达?心肌组织淋巴细胞浸润与排斥反应病理改变有关?这将有助于同种移植病人环孢素A的临床应用?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.