咪达唑仑镇静遗忘术用于腰硬联合麻醉的临床观察

目的观察咪达唑仑应用于腰硬联合麻醉病人的安全性及其镇静和顺行性遗忘效应.方法咪达唑仑组(M组)30例在麻醉操作前静脉注射咪达唑仑0.06mg/kg,对照组(C组)30例静脉注射生理盐水2ml,观察并记录两组病人注药后5、20、30分钟的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、心电图(ECG)及镇静程度分级,并根据术后24小时患者对麻醉操作及手术过程的回忆情况进行遗忘程度分级.结果咪达唑仑组除用药后5分钟MAP和SpO2下降与对照组比较有差异外,其余指标及时段与对照组比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);而咪达唑仑组所有时段的镇静及遗忘程度分级均明显优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论咪达唑仑可安全地应用于腰硬联合麻醉病人,并可产生良好的镇静和顺行性遗忘效应.     

异丙酚联合咪达唑仑消除连续硬膜外麻醉患者术中知晓40例分析

目的探讨麻醉安全状态下异丙酚联合咪达唑仑消除连续硬膜外麻醉患者术中知晓的可行性及两药的合适用量。方法选择下腹部开腹手术患者40例,行硬膜外麻醉联合靶控输注异丙酚和咪达唑仑,观察患者呼吸指标、循环指标、脑电双频指数(BIS)和警觉/镇静观察(OAA/S)评分,并对相关指标进行相关分析。结果①异丙酚血浆靶浓度为(1.9～2.5)μg/mL、咪达唑仑血浆靶浓度为(0.15～0.3)μg/mL,患者无知晓,且呼吸循环等生命体征平稳。BIS与OAA/S评分标准呈正相关,而且不同OAA/S评分之间的BIS值有统计学差异。②BIS、OAA/S值与异丙酚、咪达唑仑两药剂量呈负相关。③异丙酚血浆靶浓度低于(0.8～1.0)μg/mL、咪达唑仑血浆靶浓度低于(0.08～0.12)μg/mL,BIS75时患者会出现术中知晓。结论异丙酚联合咪达唑仑TCI能有效消除CEA患者术中知晓。     

地佐辛复合咪达唑仑或氟哌利多对腰硬联合麻醉患者脑电双频指数的影响

目的：探讨地佐辛复合咪达唑仑或氟哌利多对腰硬联合麻醉患者脑电双频指数（ BIS ）的影响。方法选择下腹部或下肢择期手术患者90例,年龄25～60岁,随机分为地佐辛组（ D组）,地佐辛＋咪达唑仑组（ DM组）,地佐辛＋氟哌利多组（ DD组）,每组30例。在腰硬联合麻醉平面固定后分别静脉注射地佐辛5 mg＋生理盐水1 mL、地佐辛5 mg＋咪达唑仑2 mg、地佐辛5 mg＋氟哌利多2.5 mg。记录麻醉前（ T00）,麻醉平面固定后（T0）,处理后5 min（T1）、10 min（T2）、15 min（T3）、20 min（T4）的MAP、HR、BIS值以及术中不良反应和顺行性遗忘情况。结果 DM组的BIS值较D组和DD组的BIS值要低,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;DM组有顺行性遗忘作用,与其他两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;各组间MAP、HR、不良反应比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论地佐辛复合咪达唑仑应用于腰硬联合麻醉患者,可使患者BIS值降低,产生良好的镇静,顺行性遗忘的作用。     

咪达唑仑对椎管内麻醉中顺行性遗忘的影响

目的:探讨椎管内麻醉患者警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分3分的麻醉深度下咪达唑仑对患者顺行性遗忘的影响.方法:选择在椎管内麻醉下行妇科腔镜手术的患者140例,随机分为I组:咪达唑仑复合依托咪酯乳剂及芬太尼镇静组;Ⅱ组:依托咪酯乳剂及芬太尼镇静组.术中维持患者警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分3分10min后,随机循回播放一乐曲至停药,术后调查患者术中顺行性遗忘的情况.结果:术毕即刻,复合了咪达唑仑的患者中有78.6%完全遗忘,21.4%不全遗忘.未复合咪达唑仑的70例患者中有71.4%完全遗忘,28.6%不全遗忘;两组遗忘情况差异无显著性.术后24h,复合了咪达唑仑的患者术中遗忘率达100%;未用咪达唑仑的患者仍有8.6%存在不全遗忘.两组相比,差异有显著性.结论:术中辅用咪达唑仑在OAA/S评分3分的麻醉深度下,术后24h能更好地减轻术中内隐记忆对患者的影响.     

臂丛神经阻滞时咪达唑仑清醒镇静的研究

目的　探讨咪达唑仑靶控输注 (TCI)系统用于臂丛神经阻滞患者清醒镇静的可行性及中国人咪达唑仑清醒镇静靶控血药浓度。方法　对 4 0例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期在臂丛神经阻滞下行上肢手术的患者 ,运用警觉 /镇静(OAA/S)评分和脑电双频指数 (BIS)评估镇静深度。采用咪达唑仑TCI行清醒镇静 ,以血浆室为靶控目标 ,确定相应靶控血药浓度及其与BIS相关性。结果　深度清醒镇静 (OAA/S评分 3分 )时所需靶控血药浓度为 (118 0± 10 8)ng/ml。BIS与TCI血药浓度 (Cp)具有良好的相关性 ,BIS =- 3 0 3Cp 35 2 2 7(r =- 0 885 4 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　咪达唑仑靶控输注系统用于臂丛神经阻滞患者清醒镇静可控性良好 ,镇静深度适宜 ,对血流动力学和呼吸功能无明显影响 ,适宜临床推广应用。     

脑电双频指数对电针刺激复合硬膜外麻醉用于妇科手术的镇静效果评价

目的 探讨BIS监测对电针刺激复合硬膜外麻醉用于妇科手术的镇静效果评价.方法 择期妇科手术患者60例.ASA I～II级,年龄20～60岁,行硬膜外麻醉,随机分为3组:咪达唑仑组,给予咪达唑仑0.04 mg/kg;针麻组.足三里、三阴交穴位予以针刺连续刺激,频率30～100HZ;咪达唑仑+针麻组,给予咪达唑仑0.04mg/kg和足三里、三阴交穴位连续针刺刺激.监测3组患者围手术期BIS值、BP、HR、SPO.结果 3组患者的BIS和麻醉前比较均有下降(P<0.05).但在切皮时针麻组BIS值最高(P<0.05),味达唑仑+针麻组BIS值最低(P<0.05),填塞纱布时,针麻组BIS值高于其两组II组(P<0.05).结论 BIS值可以作为针刺复合硬膜外麻醉效果评价的客观指标.针麻具有一定的镇静作用.     

咪达唑仑复合丙泊酚在ICU机械通气患者中的应用

①目的 探讨咪达唑仑复合丙泊酚用于ICU机械通气患者的镇静效果.②方法 诱导量:咪达唑仑组0.1～0.2mg/kg,丙泊酚组1～2mg/kg,咪达唑仑联合丙泊酚联合用药组0.1mg/kg+丙泊酚1mg/kg;维持量:咪达唑仑组0.04～0.16 mg/(kg·h),丙泊酚组0.5～4mg/(kg·h),咪达唑仑+丙泊酚组咪达唑仑0.08mg/(kg·h)+丙泊酚1～2mg/(kg·h).③结果 咪达唑仑+丙泊酚组在药物起效时间、达到满意深度时间、恢复时间及清醒后再入睡率等与咪达唑仑组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).④结论 咪达唑仑与丙泊酚联合应用,镇静效果满意,可以减少不良反应,降低费用,是ICU机械通气患者镇静治疗较为理想的治疗方案.     

异丙酚及小剂量咪达唑仑在胃镜检查中的应用

胃镜检查是诊断消化道疾病最常用的检查方法，但检查过程中有咽部不适、呛咳、恶心反胃、疼痛不适等反应，使部分患者难以接受，也给患者留下不良的经历和回忆。而使用前沿的麻醉技术和胃镜检查技术相结合，可以祛除上述不良反应。异丙酚是1种起效迅速，短效的全身麻醉药，广泛应用于无痛人流、重症监护（ICU）镇静、麻醉诱导等。咪达唑仑是新型苯二氮革类药物，可以产生清醒镇静、抗焦虑和顺行遗忘作用，广泛应用于术前麻醉、诊断或治疗性操作、ICU等病人的镇静。我们对静脉注射异丙酚及小剂量咪达唑仑在胃镜检查中的作用进行了观察，报告如下。     

咪达唑仑用于清醒镇静的临床观察

咪达唑仑0.04mg/kg用于椎管内麻醉中辅助用药能达到理想清醒镇静作用和明显顺行性遗忘作用.     

椎管内麻醉复合靶控输注咪达唑仑镇静准确性评价

目的 对咪达唑仑靶控输注系统的准确性作出评价。方法 20例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级拟行下腹盆腔手术的女性患者。以椎管内麻醉复合靶控输注咪达唑仑镇静,设定咪达唑仑靶控血浆浓度为100ng／ml。监测血压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度,并以BIS值作为咪达唑仑清醒镇静的药效学指标。从桡动脉取血样,以高效液相色谱法测定咪达唑仑血浆浓度。结果 使用Burher药代动力学参数的眯达唑仑靶控输注系统用于我国女性患者偏离性（MDPE）为38．7％,精确度（MDAPE）为38．7％,摆动度为24．9％。结论 Burher的咪达唑仑药代动力学参数于靶控输注系统应用需修正,方可准确用于我国女性患者椎管内麻醉清醒镇静。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.