双侧扣带回及双侧内囊前肢毁损术治疗强迫症随访观察

目的研究双侧扣带回 双侧内囊前肢组合对顽固性强迫症的治疗作用。方法采用立体定向方法,运用双侧扣带回 双侧内囊前肢的靶点组合、射频热凝治疗顽固性强迫症26例。在手术前和手术后3个月、6个月及2年分别采用Yale-Brown强迫量表(Y-BOCS)进行评估。结果26例强迫症中,手术后各时间段测定的Y-BOCS评分、强迫思维评分和强迫行为评分与手术前比较均有统计学差异。结论双侧扣带回 双侧内囊前肢的多靶点组合治疗,对顽固性强迫症有明显的治疗作用。     

中枢性疼痛的神经外科治疗

目的 研究中枢性疼痛的神经外科治疗策略.方法 根据疼痛性质和部位的不同,行立体定向中脑毁损术1例、双侧扣带回前部毁损术2例、中脑加双侧扣带回联合毁损术9例、运动皮层电刺激术(MCS) 11例、脊髓电刺激术(SCS)3例和脊髓后根入髓区(DREZ)切开术79例次.结果 术后患者疼痛均不同程度减轻,1个月以内镇痛疗效满意,VAS评分较术前均显著降低(P＜0.01).随访12 -36个月,观察术后6个月以上的长期疗效,发现中脑加双侧扣带回联合毁损术好于单纯中脑或扣带回前部毁损术的效果;MCS和SCS治疗的多数患者疗效有波动;DREZ切开术的长期疗效满意,82.1％的臂丛神经撕脱后疼痛患者能够保持50％以上疼痛缓解率,88.9％的脊髓损伤后疼痛患者止痛疗效长期稳定.结论 神经外科止痛手术能够确实有效地治疗中枢性疼痛,脊髓损伤、脊神经根撕脱等脊髓水平的中枢性疼痛应该首选DREZ切开术治疗,对于脑梗死、脑出血等原因造成的中枢性疼痛,MCS是一种可供选择的治疗手段.     

双侧内囊前肢和扣带回毁损术治疗难治性强迫症(附34例临床分析)

目的 探讨双侧内囊前肢和双侧扣带回毁损术治疗难治性强迫症的临床疗效.方法 对34例难治性强迫症患者,采用立体定向双侧内囊前肢与扣带回前部毁损术,并分别在术前与术后2周、6个月、1年、2年由精神科医师进行YBOCS、HAMA、HAMD量表评定以及术后疗效评定.5例患者在术后6个月因疗效不佳而接受二次手术.结果 难治性强迫症患者术后各期YBOCS、HAMA、HAMD评分与术前比较均明显下降.术后6个月的总有效率(70.6%)明显低于术后2周的总有效率(94.1%),但术后1年、2年的总有效率与术后6个月的总有效率比较无明显差异.结论 立体定向双侧内囊前肢与双侧扣带回前部毁损术对难治性强迫症患者疗效显著,并可保持较好的远期疗效.     

精神疾病的扣带回立体定向毁损术

目的探讨扣带回立体定向毁损术治疗药物难治性精神病,包括抑郁症、双相情感障碍、强迫症及顽固性疼痛的临床疗效。方法对23例经精神科专科医师正规药物、心理、行为治疗无效的顽固性精神疾病患者,包括强迫症3例、抑郁症10例、双相情感障碍6例、顽固性疼痛4例,采用MR定位立体定向双侧扣带回毁损术,术中用电阻抗及高频电刺激验证靶点,80℃、60s射频毁损。术前、术后由精神科医师分别采用Y-BOCS量表,Hamilton焦虑量表、Hamilton抑郁量表、疼痛的VRS评分进行评价。结果4例顽固性疼痛的患者疼痛明显减轻。10例抑郁症手术患者中6例完全治愈,2例显著缓解,2例复燃。6例双相情感障碍抑郁相患者中,4例缓解,2例有复燃。强迫症患者3例均有效。无严重手术并发症。结论磁共振导向立体定向双侧扣带回毁损术定位精确,对顽固性精神病有明显疗效。     

立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症的临床评价

本文报道立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症16例。共施行18次手术包括毁损双侧扣带回加双侧杏仁核8例次，双侧扣带回加右侧杏仁核2例次，双侧扣带回5例次，双侧杏仁核2例次，丘脑背内侧核1例次。总有效率为68.7%。术前、术后简明精神症状量表(BPRS)、精神功能评价量表(GAF)显示总分均有极显著差异(P<0.01)，住院病人护士观察量表(NOSIE)显示术后明显进步，无严重手术并发症。     

立体定向手术治疗药物依赖24例临床分析

目的探讨立体定向手术治疗药物依赖的方法。方法对24例药物依赖病人行立体定向脑深部核团毁损术治疗,靶点为双侧伏隔核各1点,双侧扣带回前部、中部、前部与中部中间各1点。结果病人出院时均符合戒断标准。随访1~6个月,2例复吸,22例正常生活。结论采用立体定向手术治疗药物依赖病人,近期效果肯定,相对安全,长期疗效有待观察。     

立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症的临床评价

本报道立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症16例。共施行18次手术包括毁损双侧扣带回加双侧杏仁核8例次．双侧扣带回加右侧杏仁核2例次，双侧扣带回5例次，双侧杏仁核2例次，丘脑背内侧核1例次．总有效率为68．7%。术前、术后简明精神症状量表(BPRS)、精神功能评价量表(GAF)显示总分均有极显差异(P<0．01)．住院病人护士观察量表(NOSIE)显示术后明显进步，无严重手术并发症。     

脑立体定向手术治疗Meige综合征二例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨立体定向深部脑刺激术( DBS)和脑内核团毁损术在Meige综合征(MS)中的临床应用.方法 2例患者术前均采用Burke - Fahn - Marsden肌张力障碍运动评分(BFMDRS),1例MS患者行双侧苍白球内侧核(GPi) DBS手术治疗,1例患者行单侧GPi射频毁损术治疗.结果 行双侧GPi - DBS患者术后随访1年改善达83.7％(BFMDRS评分由术前的22.5分减少为4分),随访2年改善率达69.1％左右(BFMDRS评分由22.5分减少为6分),疗效较为稳定.1例行立体定向右侧GPi毁损术,术后1周疗效明显,BFMDRS从28分减少到6分,改善达78.6％;术后3个月BFMDRS评分为15分,改善率为46.2％,术后6个月随访,所有症状恢复到术前水平.结论 双侧GPi - DBS对于传统治疗无效的Meige综合征患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法;对于不能接受DBS手术的患者,行苍白球或丘脑毁损手术也是值得推荐的一种方法.     

CT定位立体定向丘脑毁损术治疗癌性顽痛的临床研究

目的探讨CT定位立体定向丘脑毁损术在治疗癌性顽痛的临床应用。方法应用立体定向技术,结合CT导向定位方法,行双侧丘脑中央中核毁损对37例癌性顽痛患者进行止痛治疗。结果CT定位能精确的对阴性靶点进行定位。37例患者术后立即获得有效止痛,术后有10例有不同程度的疼痛复发。结论CT定位立体定向中央中核毁损治疗癌症顽痛,手术方法简单、创伤小,且疗效可靠、并发症少,是治疗癌性顽痛较为理想的手术方法。     

立体定向选择性Vim核和(或)PVP核毁损术治疗帕金森病疗效观察

目的观察应用立体定向脑内核团毁损术治疗帕金森病的临床疗效。方法 2012年7至2013年12月采用立体定向丘脑腹中间核(Vim核)和或苍白球腹后外侧部(PVP核)毁损术治疗帕金森病45例。术前、术后1个月进行UPDRS评分,比较手术前后评分的变化和症状改善情况。结果 45例帕金森病患者的肢体震颤、僵硬及运动迟缓均得到明显改善,术后1个月的UPDRS评分较术前明显减少(P0.01),术后无明显并发症。结论立体定向脑内核团毁损术治疗帕金森病疗效显著,靶点定位、毁损范围及程度与手术疗效及并发症密切相关。     

Bilateral lesions of thalamus and basal ganglia: origin and outcome

Twenty-seven MRI examinations from 17 children (7 females, 10 males) with bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia and thalamus, presenting over a period of 8 years, were reevaluated, and correlated with the type of cerebral palsy (CP) as well as motor and cognitive impairment. Children were between 1 year 6 months and 17 years old at last examination (mean 5 years 9 months). Brain damage had occurred as a consequence of birth asphyxia in nine patients and of neonatal shock in four patients. No adverse event could be identified in four children. In these, late prenatal compromise is assumed, as extensive screening (including MR spectroscopy in two patients) did not yield an underlying metabolic disorder. Three different degrees of MRI lesion patterns could be defined: a mild pattern (involvement of nucleus lentiformis and ventro-lateral thalamus only; n=7), an intermediate pattern (involvement of nucleus lentiformis, ventro-lateral thalamus, and pericentral region; n=3), and a severe pattern (involvement of nucleus lentiformis, entire thalamus, pericentral region, and hippocampus; n=7). This grading of MRI findings correlated significantly with the severity of both cognitive and motor impairment and type of CP. Normal cognitive development and mild motor delay was only seen with the mild pattern. All children developed CP: purely dyskinetic CP was only seen with the mild pattern, whereas the dyskinetic-spastic or spastic CP types could be seen in all three lesion patterns, with dyskinetic-spastic CP more related to the moderate, and purely spastic CP more related to the severe pattern.     

脑型肝豆状核变性临床特征与MRI分析(附12例报告)

目的:探讨肝豆状核变性的临床特点与头颅MRI特征,为早期诊断及治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性归纳分析12例肝豆状核变性患者的临床表现及神经影像学特点。结果:平均发病年龄23.5岁;以锥体外系症状为首发10例;性格改变1例;学习成绩下降1例,K-F环均为阳性;头颅MRI特征为对称性基底节区、丘脑、中脑及桥脑异常信号。结论:肝豆状核变性临床表现多样,血清铜蓝蛋白检测、角膜K-F环及头颅MRI检查对诊断本病有重要意义。     

脑梗死MRI表现与患者认知功能障碍及抑郁关系的研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者认知功能障碍及抑郁与病变部位的关系.方法 经MRI证实的脑梗死患者81例,按部位划分为丘脑组、内囊-基底节组、小脑组、脑干组,另选MRI表现正常者30例作为对照组.采用简易智力状态试验（MMSE）和哈金斯基缺血指数量表（HIS）及汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）量表进行测试,对所得结果进行统计学分析.结果 丘脑组、内囊-基底节组、小脑组、脑干组与对照组相比智能下降显著;内囊-基底节组HAMD得分明显高于对照组;左侧梗死组的HAMD得分与对照组相比具有显著性差异;左右两侧病灶组相比,左侧组智能明显低于右侧,两组抑郁得分无显著性差异;抑郁组的智能显著低于非抑郁组.结论 丘脑、内囊-基底节、小脑、脑干部位的梗死导致血管性痴呆,其中左侧病灶组和抑郁组患者更易发生痴呆;内囊-基底节病变组及左侧梗死患者更易患卒中后抑郁.     

30例成人乙型脑炎临床和影像学特点

目的探讨成人乙型脑炎的临床和影像学特点。方法回顾性分析30例成人乙型脑炎患者的临床资料。结果成人乙型脑炎以老年人居多。30例患者起病时均存在高热,意识障碍22例,急性肢体瘫痪4例,头痛6例,恶心、呕吐4例,头晕2例,反应迟钝2例,言语不清1例,癫痫1例。22例行头颅MRI检查,17例异常(77.3%),表现为细胞毒性水肿和(或)血管源性水肿。DWI异常12例,累及中脑7例、丘脑8例、海马2例、基底节1例、侧脑室旁白质1例、胼胝体1例;T2WI Flair异常17例,累及侧脑室旁白质14例、丘脑6例、中脑3例、海马2例、基底节1例。结论成人乙型脑炎多以高热、意识障碍起病,部分以急性肢体瘫痪起病,临床表现和影像学特点与脑梗死相似,鉴别靠血清学和病原学检测。乙型脑炎主要累及中脑、丘脑、基底节、海马、侧脑室旁白质和胼胝体,表现为细胞毒性水肿和(或)血管源性水肿,个别患者治疗后T2WI Flair侧脑室旁白质异常高信号减少。     

老年脑梗死患者认知功能与头颅磁共振成像关系分析

目的探讨老年脑梗死患者梗死部位与认知功能障碍的相关性。方法对80例老年脑梗死患者依据《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册》对认知功能障碍进行诊断,均用头颅磁共振检查明确病灶部位和范围;同时随机选择无明确梗死灶的80例老人为对照组。用中文版简易智能状态检查表和中文版蒙特利尔认知评估量表分别对两组患者认知功能做联合评估;半年后分别对以上患者复查其认知功能。结果脑梗死患者认知功能障碍的发生率为48.75%,脑梗死组侧别与对照组在认知功能上比较,脑梗死双侧组认识功能障碍发生率高于脑梗死单侧组,左侧脑梗死组认识功能障碍发生率高于右侧组。脑梗死患者中认识功能障碍发生率的次序由高到低为皮质组、丘脑组、基底节及内囊组、脑干组。结论脑梗死患者的认知功能障碍与病灶部位有相关性。     

Odor abnormalities caused by bilateral thalamic infarction

Odor is the only sensation thought to be unrelated to the thalamus. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the dorsomedial nucleus (DM) of the thalamus is associated with odor. Although the thalamus is prone to ischemia, only a single patient with bilateral DM infarctions was reported to have odor abnormalities. We describe a second such patient with infarctions involving the left DM and the right ventral posterior nucleus and ventral lateral nucleus, nuclei adjacent to the DM, associated with transient edema. In contrast to the previous case, our patient had transient odor abnormality. These observations suggested that direct and/or indirect bilateral involvement of the DM might be associated with odor abnormalities in patients with thalamic infarction.     

脑梗死急性期胃肠功能紊乱的相关危险因素分析

目的分析脑梗死急性期胃肠功能紊乱的发生情况、相关危险因素。方法收集本院神经内科2008年1月-2012年6月住院的脑梗死急性期病例,观察脑梗死急性期胃肠功能紊乱发生情况以及其相关危险因素。结果共收集脑梗死急性期病例1286例,符合入组条件病例736例,胃肠功能紊乱发生率65％,脑梗死急性期胃肠功能紊乱发生的相关危险因素包括梗死部位即小脑、脑干和丘脑梗死,梗死后神经功能缺损程度以及梗死急性期血糖水平。结论脑梗死急性期存在较高的胃肠功能紊乱发生率,相关危险因素包括丘脑、小脑、脑干梗死、梗死后血糖升高以及脑梗死后神经功能缺损程度。     

Two cases of thalamic infarction presenting with "thalamic astasia"]

We report two cases of so-called 'thalamic astasia', associated with thalamic infarction. A 76-year-old-man suddenly noted to fall down to the left side without severe hemiparesis. An MRI showed an infarction in the superolateral portion of the right thalamus. Over eight weeks, his astasia gradually disappeared. A 69-year-old-man suddenly noted inability to stand with loss of balance. He showed mild hemiparesis, hypesthesia and cerebellar signs on the right side. Although right hemiparesis was slight, he was unable to stand by himself. An MRI demonstrated an infarction in the ventrolateral to ventroposterior portion of the left thalamus. Three weeks later, his symptoms except for cerebellar ataxia remarkably disappeared. The overlapped MRI lesions of these two cases were localized in the ventrolateral thalamus, such as Vimi (nucleus ventrointermedii internus), Vci (nucleus ventrocaudalis internus), Cemc (nucleus centralis thalami magnocellularis). These lesions are so-called 'vestibular thalamic nuclei', in which fibers from vestibulocerebellum are terminated. Involvement of the thalamic connectivity explains that two patients noted inability to stand. Thus we concluded that these two patients had thalamic astasia, described by Masdeu and Gorelick.     

Correlations between P300 components and regional cerebral blood flows.

To evaluate the diagnostic importance of event-related potential P300, the correlation between P300 and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was investigated in various brain regions in patients with multiple cerebral infarction (16 cases), chronic alcoholism (11 cases) and Alzheimer's disease (5 cases) and in seven healthy people. Cognitive function was also evaluated by mini-mental state examination. P300 latency and rCBF was measured by recording of evoked potentials using an oddball paradigm and stable xenon computed tomographic scanning, respectively. A significant (P<0.05) negative correlation between P300 and rCBF was observed in the thalamus in patients with multiple cerebral infarction and chronic alcoholism. In addition, a significant (P<0.01) negative correlation between P300 latency and the mini-mental state examination score and positive correlation between rCBF in the thalamus and the mini-mental state examination score were observed. These findings suggest that P300 latency is associated with rCBF in the thalamus and cognitive function.