三叉神经半月神经节鞘膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的:探讨三叉神经半月神经节鞘膜瘤的手术入路和手术效果.方法:通过显微外科手术治疗26例三叉神经半月神经节鞘膜瘤,根据肿瘤的生长方式和MRI的表现分为二种类型:Ⅰ型,肿瘤起源于神经节主要向中颅窝生长(包括海绵窦)16例;Ⅱ型,肿瘤起源于三叉神经半月神经节主要向后颅窝生长10例.额颞开颅(包括断颧弓)颞下入路切除肿瘤12例,颞枕开颅颞下小脑幕入路切除肿瘤5例,颞枕开颅联合乙状窦前入路9例.结果:肿瘤全切除23例,近全切除3例;无手术死亡.Ⅰ型三叉神经半月神经节鞘膜瘤全切除15例,次全切除1例;Ⅱ型岩斜坡肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除2例.结论:三叉神经半月神经节鞘膜瘤选择合适的手术入路,绝大多数可以全切除,术后效果良好.     

乙状窦后经内听道上嵴入路应用解剖学研究

对乙状窦后经内听道上嵴入路切除后颅窝生长为主的Ⅱ型岩斜脑膜瘤进行了解剖学研究 ,以期为其临床推广应用提供解剖学依据。 10 %甲醛固定的国人成人头颅湿标本 10例、漂白的颅骨干标本 10例 ,模拟手术操作并对手术涉及的重要结构测量、拍照 ;手术前后共 10例 2 0侧标本进行CT岩骨薄层扫描 ,并对重要结构进行测量。结果表明 ,乙状窦后经内听道上嵴入路涉及的重要结构有岩静脉、内听动脉、内听道上嵴等 ;重要参数包括岩尖骨质最大磨除范围的前后径、横径。提示 :乙状窦后经内听道上嵴入路通过后颅窝开颅磨除岩尖骨质 ,切除肿瘤中颅窝部分 ,适用于主体在后颅窝的Ⅱ型岩斜脑膜瘤 ,特点是操作简单、创伤小、安全性高。     

桥小脑角胆脂瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：总结桥小脑角(CPA)胆脂瘤的显微外科手术入路和神经内镜辅助手术。方法：28例桥小脑角胆脂瘤，采用枕下开颅乙状窦后入路16例、颞枕开颅颠下小脑幕入路10例、颞枕开颅幕上下联合入路2例。其中5例手术应用神经内镜辅助。结果：肿瘤全切除21例，近全切除7例，无手术死亡。结论：枕下开颅乙状窦后入路适用于胆脂瘤位于CPA以及由CPA向斜坡生长者；颞枕开颅颞下小脑慕入路适用于CPA胆脂瘤向岩骨尖斜坡及幕上鞍区发展者；巨大胆脂瘤同时累及CPA、鞍区和下斜坡时采用颞枕开颅幕上下联合入路。神经内镜辅助有助于减小手术创伤，提高肿瘤全切率。     

颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除岩斜区肿瘤116例报告

目的介绍采用颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除岩骨斜坡区肿瘤的手术方法。方法分析116例岩斜区肿瘤患者的手术方法,所有病人均采用颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除肿瘤,其中采用经迷路后-乙状窦前入路110例,经乙状窦入路2例,经迷路-乙状窦前入路2例,经颧弓-经岩骨入路2例。结果肿瘤全切除75例(64.7%),次全切除33例(28.4%),大部切除8例(6.9%)。手术死亡3例,占手术总数2.6%。结论颞-枕下-经岩骨入路适用于病变位于斜坡中线部位,或肿瘤横跨颞骨岩部内侧,侵及中、后颅凹和累及海绵窦、三叉神经切迹(Meckel凹陷)肿瘤的切除,该方法在术中对岩骨斜坡区能够获得良好的暴露。     

岩斜区脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：探讨显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术方法及术后疗效，总结临床治疗经验。方法：通过回顾分析我科1997年8月～2006年3月经显微切除19例岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床资料，主要采用岩骨乙状窦前入路、颞下经小脑幕入路、乙状窦后入路3种入路。结果：肿瘤全切除12例（63．2％），5例次全切，2例大部分切除，均无严重并发症发生。结论：术前充分准备、选择合适的手术入路和娴熟显微外科技术可以提高岩斜坡区脑膜瘤的切除率，减少并发症的发生，降低病死率。     

经颞下-乙状窦前入路切除巨大岩斜脑膜瘤

目的 :岩斜型脑膜瘤的手术切除相当困难 ,本文对经颞下 -乙状窦前入路切除该区肿瘤作一评价。　 方法 :回顾分析我院 1994年 11月～ 1996年 1月经颞下 -乙状窦前入路切除的巨大岩斜型脑膜瘤 5例。　 结果 :5例患者中 ,全切除 3例 ,其中 2例恢复良好 ,1例术后偏瘫和多脑神经麻痹 ;因肿瘤与脑干不能分开而行肿瘤次全切除和部分切除各 1例 ,其中 1例遗留永久性动眼神经麻痹 ,另 1例术后长期昏迷。　 结论 :经颞下 -乙状窦前入路切除该区肿瘤具有以下优点 :1.到达岩斜区最直接、路径最短 ;2 .手术野开阔 ,显露良好 ;3.可多视角操作 ;4 .只需很轻的脑牵拉。肿瘤不能全切除和患者出现严重并发症的主要原因是 ,肿瘤包裹了基底动脉及其分支及侵犯了软脑膜 ,使肿瘤与脑干间失去蛛网膜界面     

颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路显微手术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的：探讨应用颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的方法和经验,以及岩斜区脑膜瘤的微侵袭手术入路和方法,提高肿瘤的全部切除率与术后疗效。方法：回顾性分析经颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路治疗的21例岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床资料,总结联合锁孔手术的方法和技巧,并对肿瘤切除程度和手术前后功能状态评分（Karnofsky performance score,KPS）进行分析,其中在神经导航引导下手术9例,在神经电生理监测下进行的手术12例。结果：肿瘤全部切除(Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)18例(85.7%,18/21),次(近)切除(SimpsonⅢ级)3例(14.3%, 3/21),术后三维CT显露锁孔骨瓣复位良好,术后病理均证实为脑膜瘤。术后新增颅神经功能障碍或原有神经功能障碍加重5例(23.8%),其中短暂性滑车神经3例、外展神经1例、三叉神经运动支麻痹1例。出现外展神经麻痹的1例,同时伴有听力障碍加重。术后3个月随访时,11例KPS同术前,7例术后改善,3例加重。KPS平均评分77.14±23.12,与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后随访半年,恢复良好者19例（KPS≥70）,恢复一般2例（KPS＜70）。术后随访3~29个月,无肿瘤复发或进展。结论：颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路是简便、安全、微创、理想的切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术入路,掌握手术技巧和术中注意事项,有利于提高肿瘤的全部切除率和术后疗效。     

天幕脑膜瘤的分型和手术入路选择

目的：探讨天幕脑膜瘤的分型和手术入路的选择。方法：对1996年1月2005年4月间收治的天幕脑膜瘤进行回顾性分析，并按分型选择不同的手术入路。本组26例，其中内侧型10例；外侧型12例；镰幕型4例。对主要向幕上发展者，根据肿瘤的部位，采用扩大翼点入路、颞下入路、颞枕部入路和枕部入路；肿瘤全部或主体在颅后窝者，采用枕下或枕部-枕下联合开颅术；跨幕者采用颞下-乙状窦前入路；镰幕型均采用枕部入路。结果：本组肿瘤全切除23例，次全切除3例，全组元死亡，术后出现新增神经功能障碍2例，复发5例。结论：天幕脑膜瘤手术入路的选择必须根据患者的解剖分型进行个体化设计；熟悉局部显微解剖并熟练运用显微外科技术是取得手术成功的关键。     

大型岩斜脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的　对 12例大型岩斜脑膜瘤行乙状窦前入路的显微手术治疗 ,探讨该入路治疗岩斜脑膜瘤的要点。方法　总结岩斜脑膜瘤的临床表现、神经影像学特征和术中要点。结果　肿瘤全切除 10例 ,次全切除 1例 ,大部切除 1例 ,术后好转率 83.3%。结论　大型岩斜脑膜瘤首选乙状窦前入路 ,掌握术中暴露要点和分离技巧可提高手术疗效     

天幕脑膜瘤的分型和手术入路选择

目的：探讨天幕脑膜瘤的分型和手术入路的选择。方法：对1992年1月至2002年12月间收治的天幕脑膜瘤进行回顾性分析，并按分型选择不同的手术入路。本组56例，其中内侧型28例；外侧型17例；镰幕型11例。对主要向幕上发展者，根据肿瘤的部位，采用扩大翼点入路、颞下入路、颞枕部入路和枕部入路；肿瘤全部或主体在颅后窝者，采用枕下或枕部-枕下联合开颅术；跨幕者采用颞下-乙状窦前入路；镰幕型均采用枕部入路。结果：本组肿瘤全切除53例，部分切除3例，全组共死亡2例(3．6％)，术后出现新增神经功能障碍5例，复发6例。结论：天幕脑膜瘤手术入路的选择必须根据患者的具体情况进行个体化设计；熟悉局部显微解剖并熟练运用显微外科技术是取得手术成功的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.