基于网络药理学的小陷胸汤治疗2型糖尿病的药理机制

目的:利用网络药理学探索小陷胸汤治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的药理机制。方法:在中药系统药理学技术平台(TCMSP)网站检索小陷胸汤的主要活性成分、对应的作用靶点及靶标基因,通过人类基因数据库(Gene Cards)获得T2DM的相关靶标基因,将药物活性成分靶点与T2DM靶点相映射,获得交集靶点即为小陷胸汤作用于T2DM的预测靶点。利用Cytoscape 3. 7. 1软件构建药物活性成分-交集靶点网络模型,选出关键活性成分。利用STRING网站构建交集靶点蛋白相互作用网络(PPI),选出关键靶点基因。利用DAVID 6. 8在线工具对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)分析和基于京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。结果:小陷胸汤作用于T2DM的活性成分有30个,相关靶点156个,关键有效成分14个,关键靶点基因18个。GO分析显示,小陷胸汤治疗T2DM潜在基因的生物功能主要涉及转录调控、氧化应激、蛋白结合和炎症反应等;KEGG通路富集显示小陷胸汤治疗T2DM影响的通路主要有缺诱导因子-1(HIF-1)信号通路,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路,Toll样受体信号通路,甲状腺激素信号通路,磷脂酰肌醇氧3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路,乙肝,丙肝,酪氨酸激酶受体2(Erb B)信号通路,钙离子信号通路和核转录因子-κB(NF-кB)信号通路等。结论:小陷胸汤治疗T2DM机制可能是通过抑制炎症因子分泌,参与抗炎反应,降低氧化应激,升高细胞内钙离子浓度,阻断胰高血糖素信号通路,激活PI3K/Akt通路等来改善胰岛素抵抗,提高胰岛素敏感性,降低血糖。     

肠道菌群影响慢性乙型肝炎、慢性丙型肝炎及相关肝病的研究进展

HBV、HCV感染常可进展为肝硬化、肝衰竭和肝细胞癌等终末期肝病，危及患者生命。近年来研究发现肠道菌群与慢性病毒性肝病关系密切。本文就肠道菌群与慢性乙型肝炎、慢性丙型肝炎及其相关肝病之间的相关性，以及靶向肠道菌群治疗慢性乙型肝炎及其相关肝病的研究进展进行了综述，以期为临床治疗慢性乙型肝炎、慢性丙型肝炎及其相关肝病提供更多思考。     

植入物乳房重建一步法和二步法临床对比研究

目的:探讨即刻乳房假体重建（一步法）和应用扩张器的假体重建（二步法）两种不同手术方式在术后并发症、美容效果和成本效益的差异。方法:回顾性分析我院乳腺外科2015年5月至2018年5月收治的285例乳腺癌植入物重建患者，依据手术方式不同分为一步法组（145例）和二步法组（140例），比较两组患者临床资料的差异。结果:一步法组术后出血发生率（6.8%）高于二步法组（1.4%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）。一步法组术后伤口皮瓣坏死率（6.2%）高于二步法组（1.4%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.036）。二步法组乳房满意度评分（81.5±7.1）分高于1步法组（78.6±6.2）分，差异有统计学意义（P=0.035）。二步法组住院总花费（80 334.8±6 149.8）元高于一步法组（60 966.5±5 544.9）元，差异有统计学意义（P=0.049）。二步法组住院天数（34.3±3.2）天多于一步法组（17.5±3.9）天，差异有统计学意义（P=0.014）。结论:在植入物乳房重建两种手术方式中，二步法相较于一步法，其并发症少，美容效果好，但在成本效益上并不优于一步法。     

Chronic hepatitis B in children with or without malignancies:A 13-year follow-up

AIM:To evaluate the outcome of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)in children with or without malignancies.METHODS:Twenty four children(15 boys and 9 girls)with malignancies,followed up by the pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic for CHB between January 2000 and December 2013,were enrolled in the study(Group 1).Group 2 was formed with twenty five children(11 girls and14 boys)diagnosed with CHB without malignancies.The data from the patients’records were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)/anti HBe seroconversion was observed in 3 patients(12.5%)in group 1 and 15 patients(60%)in group 2,with annual seroconversion rates of 1.61%and 16.6%,respectively,and the difference was significant(P0.01).One patient(6.6%)in Group 1 and 9 patients(53%)in Group 2 showed HBe Ag/anti HBe seroconversion after treatment and the difference between the two groups was significant(P0.06)Loss of hepatitis B surface antigen was observed in one patient in each of group1 and 2.No clinical,laboratory and imaging findings of liver disease were observed in any of the patients at the end of the study.CONCLUSION:HBe Ag/anti HBe seroconversion rate was lower in patients who had recovered from cancer.     

三踝骨折36例手术治疗体会

三踝骨折是一种严重复杂的关节损伤，主要由联合外力所致，以青壮年多见，约占全身骨折的3.92%[1]。三踝骨折属关节内骨折，又称Cotton骨折，常同时伴有周围的韧带损伤。三踝骨折需解剖复位和牢固的内固定治疗，以促进踝关节功能的恢复，如处理不当，易发生创伤性关节炎，导致踝关节功能明显障碍，从而影响患者的生活质量。本研究回顾分析了我院2012年1月-2013年8月经手术治疗且获得随访、疗效满意的36例三踝骨折患者的临床资料，总结分析如下。     

Brain size and urbanization in birds

Background: Brain size may affect the probability of invasion of urban habitats if a relatively larger brain entails superior ability to adapt to novel environments. However, once urbanized urban environments may provide poor quality food that has negative consequences for normal brain development resulting in an excess of individuals with small brains.Methods: Here we analyze the independent effects of mean, standard deviation and skewness in brain mass for invasion of urban habitats by 108 species of birds using phylogenetic multiple regression analyses weighted by sample size.Results: There was no significant difference in mean brain mass between urbanized and non-urbanized species or between urban and rural populations of the same species, and mean brain mass was not significantly correlated with time since urbanization. Bird species that became urbanized had a greater standard deviation in brain mass than non-urbanized species, and the standard deviation in brain mass increased with time since urbanization. Brain mass was significantly left skewed in species that remained rural, while there was no significant skew in urbanized species. The degree of left skew was greater in urban than in rural populations of the same species, and successfully urbanized species decreased the degree of left skew with time since urbanization. This is consistent with the hypothesis that sub-optimal brain development was more common in rural habitats resulting in disproportionately many individuals with very smal brains.Conclusions: These findings do not support the hypothesis that large brains promote urbanization, but suggest that skewness has played a role in the initial invasion of urban habitats, and that variance and skew in brain mass have increased as species have become urbanized.     

虞坚尔教授辨治小儿重度胆汁淤积性黄疸经验*

虞坚尔教授应用中医药治疗小儿疾病积累了丰富的临床经验。在小儿难治性疾病中，特别是重度胆汁淤积性黄疸，虞教授提倡中西医结合，西医治标，中医治本，标本兼顾，各取所长。在中医治疗方面，虞教授专注于“利胆退黄、调脾疏肝、活血祛瘀、扶正固本”四个方面，辨病与辨证相结合，扶正与祛邪并举，正气复而黄自去。     

中医药领域研究报告规范特征分析

目的?分析国内外期刊发表的中医药领域研究报告规范的特征，为中医药研究报告规范的科学制定和应用提供参考。方法?检索CNKI、Wanfang Data、SinoMed、VIP、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库和EQUATOR协作网，收集中医药领域研究的报告规范清单/指南。2名研究者独立筛选文献，提取相关资料，并应用频次、频率对报告规范特征进行描述性分析。结果?共纳入中医药研究报告规范16部（含双语发布3部），发表时间在2010—2020年；发表在15种期刊上，SCI期刊收录11部（68.8%），中文核心期刊收录3部（18.8%）；制定小组成员涉及9个方向，前5位分别是临床医师（87.5%）、方法学专家（81.3%）、流行病学专家（50.0%）、编辑（43.8%）、统计学专家（31.3%）；12部（75.0%）报告规范通过专家共识流程制定，其中6部（50%）采用德尔菲法，1部（8.3%）选用名义群体法；涉及5个中医药研究领域，其中临床研究的报告规范有6部（37.5%），临床实践指南/共识的报告规范5部（31.3%），系统评价/Meta分析的报告规范3部（18.8%）；9部（56.3%）报告规范在 EQUATOR 协作网上注册；6部（37.5%）为国际合作完成；13部（81.3%）报告规范在原始版基础上进行拓展，使其适用于中医药研究；12部（75.0%）报告规范说明了资助基金来源；9部（56.3%）报告规范说明了利益冲突；纳入的报告规范条目数为7~40条。结论?中医药研究报告规范数量逐步增加，但涉及的领域尚欠广泛，在注册、国际合作、双语或多语种发布等方面仍需加强。