α1-肾上腺素受体在颌下腺的表达及苯肾上腺素对唾液分泌调节的动物实验

目的研究α-肾上腺素受体亚型在家兔颌下腺的表达和分布，及其激动剂——苯肾上腺素促家兔颌下腺唾液分泌的相关机制。方法应用RT—PCR和Western blot检测家兔正常颌下腺α1-肾上腺素受体亚型mRNA及蛋白质的表达；免疫组化法检测颌下腺α1-肾上腺素受体亚型的分布及水通道蛋白5的表达；经颌下腺导管插管给予（1×10^-8）-（1×10^-6）moL／L的苯肾上腺素，观察家兔心率和血压的变化及促颌下腺唾液分泌的量效关系。结果家兔颌下腺有α1A-α1B和α1D-肾上腺素受体3种亚型的mRNA及蛋白质的表达，并广泛分布于导管和腺泡细胞的胞膜及胞质中。给予1×10^-7moL／L苯肾上腺素7d，促进颌下腺唾液分泌增加，而对心率、血压无明显影响；水通道蛋白5在腺泡及导管细胞的顶膜和侧膜的表达增加。结论家兔颌下腺存在α1A-、α1B-和α1D-肾上腺素受体3种亚型的mRNA和蛋白质的表达。经颌下腺导管给予低剂量苯肾上腺素促进唾液分泌是安全有效的；水通道蛋白5的表达增加可能与苯肾上腺素促唾液分泌的机制有关，该研究为临床治疗领下腺功能低下提供了初步依据。     

牛磺酸对心肌缺血／再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制探讨

离体大鼠心脏灌流模型的实验表明，牛磺酸除明显减轻再灌注心肌的钙超载和脂质过氧化外，还显著改善心肌肌浆网（ＳＲ）的钙转运功能，牛磺酸使肌浆网的钙─三磷酸腺苷酶活性较缺血／再灌注组升高１．１１倍，摄钙初速率和最大摄钙量分别升高６１．７±１．１％和４０．９±６．４％。牛磺酸可直接拮抗氧自由基灌流导致的心肌细胞和ＳＲ的损伤，对离休ＳＲ无直接作用，对心肌局部的肾素─血管紧张素系统也未见有影响。研究结果显示，牛磺酸的心肌保护作用还与其降低再灌注时心肌的脂质过氧化有关。     

A型肉毒素对兔失副交感神经颌下腺唾液分泌的影响

BTX-A后1、2、4、12周时,静息状态颌下腺分泌量均较失副交感神经的对侧分别减少38.8%、56.5%、47.7%和38.6%,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);进食状态颌下腺分泌量均较失副交感神经的对侧减少,1周时减少46.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分泌液中淀粉酶、钠、钾、氯离子及蛋白浓度无明显变化.结论 兔失副交感神经颌下腺内局部注射BTX-A可以抑制颌下腺的分泌.     

下颌下腺保存治疗新技术体系的建立与应用

The saliva secreted from submandibular gland (SMG) accounts for 60%-65%. It plays an important role in maintaining the human function of swallow, digestion, testing, speech, protection of oral mucosa, and prevention from dental carries. The SMG is frequently resected during the treatment for various kinds of oral and maxillofacial diseases, resulting in xerostomia and decreased quality of life. During the past 15 years, Research Center of Salivary Gland Diseases in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology conducted a series of studies on new techniques for preservation of SMG and achieved remarkable results. The clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) were clarified based on systematic studies. The results of studies on the pathogenesis of IgG4-RS showed that unbalance of inflammatory factors mediated the abnormality of secretion of SMG. IL-4 participates in occurring and development of glandular fibrosis of SMG. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cleaning of senescent cells might be taken as the targets for treatment of IgG4-RS. The combination of glucocorticoid and steroid-sparing agents showed effective results for treating IgG4-RS, clinical remission was achieved in all the patients, serum IgG4 levels decreased, and salivary gland secretion significantly increased. Sialoendoscopy-assisted sialolithectomy was applied in the treatment of about 1 000 cases with submandibular hilar calculi with a success rate of more than 90%. Transfer of SMG was used for prevention from radiation-induced xerostomia in the patients with head and neck carcinoma. SMG was transferred to the submental region before radiotherapy and was kept away from the ra-diation field. The results of prospective clinical controlled study showed this technique could effectively preserve the function of SMG and prevent from xerostomia. Based on the micro-anatomical study on the blood vessels and ducts of SMG, partial sialoadenectomy was applied for treatment of benign tumors in the SMG. A clinical controlled study confirmed its safety for control of the tumors and its advantage of preservation of SMG function. The studies on the involvement of SMG in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) provided the anatomical and histopathological basis for preservation of SMG during neck dissection for early cases with OSCC. A innovated surgical modality "four preservations including SMG" was used during the neck dissection for the early cases with OSCC. A prospective randomized clinical controlled study confirmed its safety, feasibility, effectiveness for control of the carcinoma, and advantages of preservation of SMG function.     

Gq/11蛋白在缺血再灌注和缺血预处理中的作用

刺激血管紧张素Ⅱ（ａｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎⅡ，ＡｎｇⅡ）、血栓素Ａ２等多种细胞膜受体，可激活Ｇｑ／１１蛋白。通过增加磷脂酶Ｃ（ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐａｓｅＣ，ＰＬＣ）活性，产生细胞内信使三磷酸肌醇和二脂酰甘油。三磷酸肌醇可促进细胞内储存的钙释放，二脂酰甘...     

读书报告活动中指导学生撰写医学文综述

在以往对八年制医学生开展读书报告活动的基础上,2007年,北京大学医学部病理生理学教研室首次专门为医学生讲述如何撰写医学文献综述.教师首先具体介绍什么是文献综述,进而通过列举实例详尽讲述文献综述的构成,并教授医学生文献检索和利用网络资源的技巧和方法.通过此次讲述,2004级八学制学生在文献综述撰写中出现的问题较以往有所减少,使其对文献综述的撰写更为得心应手.     

脂多糖介导的血管平滑肌细胞血红素

目的:研究脂多糖(LPS)作用下的血管平滑肌细胞血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)基因的表达,并探讨HO/一氧化碳(CO)调节通路在内毒素性血管调节功能障碍中的作用。方法:10mg/L、30mg/L及50mg/L的LPS与培养的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(VSMC)共同孵育6h,以及10mg/LLPS与VSMC共同孵育9h和18h。分别观察细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、台盼蓝染色法记录VSMC蓝染率的变化;Northern杂交测HO-1mRNA表达。结果:VSMCHO-1mRNA表达随LPS浓度的增大而增加,LPS50mg/L时HO-1mRNA表达比对照高176.7%;低剂量LPS(10mg/L)诱导VSMCHO-1mRNA的表达量随诱导时间的延长而增加,18h组HO-1mRNA的表达量比对照高195.6%。只有当LPS浓度增加至50mg/L及10mg/L孵育18h时,细胞台盼蓝摄取率、MDA含量与LDH活性明显增加、细胞出现损伤。结论:LPS可诱导VSMCHO-1mRNA的表达且具有浓度依赖性和时间依赖性,HO/CO可能为介导内毒素性血管平滑肌功能调节障碍的重要通路。     

膜磷脂成分对心肌肌浆网摄钙功能的影响

目的：观察膜磷脂成分改变对心肌肌浆网（ＳＲ）钙摄取功能的影响。方法：磷脂酶Ａ＿２或溶血磷脂分别与正常狗心肌ＳＲ温育，测定钙摄取量。结果：磷脂酶Ａ＿２可使ＳＲ摄钙量减少４８．８％（Ｐ＜０．０１），加入磷脂酰胆碱可部分逆转磷脂酶Ａ＿２造成的损伤。溶血磷脂酰胆碱或溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸显著抑制ＳＲ钙摄取。结论：磷脂酶Ａ＿２改变膜磷脂微环境，造成ＳＲ摄钙功能障碍可能是某些病理情况下，心肌细胞钙稳态失衡的原因之一。     

读书报告活动中指导学生撰写医学文综述

在以往对八年制医学生开展读书报告活动的基础上,2007年,北京大学医学部病理生理学教研室首次专门为医学生讲述如何撰写医学文献综述.教师首先具体介绍什么是文献综述,进而通过列举实例详尽讲述文献综述的构成,并教授医学生文献检索和利用网络资源的技巧和方法.通过此次讲述,2004级八学制学生在文献综述撰写中出现的问题较以往有所减少,使其对文献综述的撰写更为得心应手.