Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

Process of forgiveness in the recovery of Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: Empowerment,transformation, and integration

Forgiveness has been found one substantial element in the recovery for women survivors from intimate partner violence following the termination of the abusive relationship. To further investigate the details of forgiveness in this specific context, the present study explored the process of forgiveness using grounded theory. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Chinese women survivors of IPV. The findings suggest that forgiveness is a strength-based process including empowerment, transformation, and integration phases. In the empowerment phase, survivors obtain strength at the intrapersonal, behavioural, and interpersonal levels. In the transformation phase, survivors complete cognitive transformation for their IPV experiences and emotional transformation towards former partners. In the integration phase, survivors—now freed from the past—reflect upon and apply the changes they have undergone. Two trajectories in the process were found. One trajectory is going through stages sequentially and the other trajectory is experiencing back and forth between empowerment and transformation stages before moving into the integration stage. The study's findings broaden our knowledge of the strength-based forgiveness process that women survivors of IPV undergo during recovery. Practitioners and policymakers could develop programmes and policies that support forgiveness by holistically facilitating their recovery and empowerment like assistance in dealing with life difficulties and promoting their reconnection with social networks. To improve the transferability and validity of the findings, the forgiveness of survivors of IPV could be explored in a diverse sample (e.g., survivors with low educational background or live in the rural area).     

Correction to: Impact of smoking habit on adult-onset Still’s disease prognosis,findings from a multicentre observational study

Clinical Rheumatology -     

Microeconomics of intertemporal choice in zero-space during Covid-19: a behavioral economics perspective

The European Journal of Health Economics -     

黄连NRAMP3基因的克隆与生物信息学分析＊

目的 克隆黄连（Coptis chinensis Franch.）中自然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白（Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein，NRAMP）的编码基因，并进行生物信息学分析。方法 从黄连基因组中比对NRAMP3基因，并根据比对的基因序列设计特异性引物，经PCR扩增得到的黄连NRAMP3编码序列，进行克隆、测序和生物信息学分析，并利用qPCR技术对黄连NRAMP3基因进行时空表达分析。结果 得到黄连NRAMP3基因cDNA序列，全长1617 bp，编码538个氨基酸，通过与GenBank上的其他蛋白序列比对，将其命名为CcNRAMP3；序列分析显示，黄连NRAMP3基因编码的氨基酸序列包含一个典型的NRAMP结构域（PF01566），有12个跨膜结构域，亚细胞定位于液泡膜上，具有疏水性强的特点。二级结构中肽链构象主要包括α-螺旋与无规则卷曲两部分；三级结构模型具有葡萄球菌锰转运突变体（MntH）的晶体结构。利用系统进化关系分析推测它可能具有转运重金属元素Cd功能。对黄连NRAMP3基因的组织表达分析表明，CcNRAMP3基因在黄连叶片中表达量最高。在遭受镉胁迫时，在须根中表达量先升高后降低，该基因很可能主要在根部对镉进行响应并发挥作用。结论 本研究首次通过克隆得到黄连NRAMP3基因，并运用生物信息学方法对其理化性质、结构特征等进行了分析预测，这些结果将为黄连NRAMP3基因的功能研究以及其对镉转运的调控机制提供理论依据和基因资源。     

肥胖型PCOS患者的生物学特征和临床特征

多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）是一种内分泌代谢紊乱综合征,临床表现高度异质性。肥胖是PCOS异质性临床表现之一,超过50%的PCOS患者超重或肥胖。肥胖型PCOS主要表现为高雄激素血症、中心型肥胖和糖脂代谢紊乱,非肥胖型PCOS主要表现为黄体生成激素（luteinizing hormone,LH）水平异常升高。尽管肥胖型和非肥胖型PCOS均存在内分泌代谢异常,然而肥胖可加重PCOS糖脂代谢紊乱;肥胖型PCOS还表现脂肪代谢的异常。综述肥胖型PCOS患者的临床特征、性激素水平、糖脂代谢特征,旨在为肥胖型和非肥胖型PCOS患者新的分型诊治提供参考。     

癫痫发作后状态及其临床意义

癫痫发作后状态(PIS)是指癫痫发作停止到恢复至发病前水平的异常状态,包括认知、运动、感觉、自主神经和精神行为等异常,症状多样,严重程度不一,持续数秒至数天不等,对患者的健康和生活质量产生很大影响。然而,目前国内外相关的研究较少,临床医生对此缺乏正确认识,容易误诊误治。本文将从PIS的定义、病理生理机制、临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断、临床意义以及干预策略等进行综述,以提高临床医生的认识,并为今后临床研究提供参考。     

Worry as a mechanism of the relationship between perceived new knowledge and discouragement to smoke elicited from graphic cigarette warnings

Journal of Behavioral Medicine - Evidence supports the use of graphic warnings to educate the public about the health harms of smoking and suggests warnings eliciting negative emotional responses...