Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

Closed loop stimulation helps with weaning from chronotropic incompetence-related ventilator dependence

Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology -     

医疗领域人工智能应用的研究进展＊

人工智能引发了医疗领域的数字革命，在推动行业发展方面具有极大潜力。本研究围绕临床诊疗、医学研究和公共卫生三个基本场景，聚焦人工智能与传统中医药的交叉与融合，并着重介绍人工智能在疾病诊断、决策支持、医学研究以及重大公共卫生事件中的应用。虽然人工智能在诸多方面显示出独特优势，但仍存在透明度不高、缺乏安全性评估和相关法律法规监管等问题需要谨慎解决，以促进人工智能技术在医疗领域的推广。     

宏基因组学测序诊断曼氏裂头蚴病1例

患者于2000年无明显诱因发现下腹部游走性包块，20年来多次就诊，未明确病因。2020年8月11日发现包块游走于左侧腋前，微创手术取出不完整白色虫体3段，用宏基因组学测序鉴定虫体，明确诊断为曼氏裂头蚴病。2021年10月21日经手术取出完整虫体，患者康复出院；随访患者身体状况良好，全身未发现新包块。     

Review of clinical characteristics,immune responses and regulatory mechanisms of hepatitis E-associated liver failure

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute liver failure (LF) and one of the most common factors causing acute injury in acute-on-chronic LF (ACLF). When HEV-related LF occurs, a series of changes take place in both the intrahepatic environment and extrahepatic microenvironment. The changed types and distribution of immune cells (infiltrating macrophages and increased lymphocytes) in liver tissue, as well the increased proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the blood, indicate that the occurrence and progression of HEV-related LF are closely related to immune imbalance. The clinical features and immune reaction in the body during HEV-related acute LF (ALF) and ACLF are complicated. This review highlights recent progress in elucidating the clinical manifestations of HEV-associated ALF and ACLF and discusses the corresponding systemic immune changes and possible regulatory mechanisms.     

肝脏CT动态增强扫描非刚性对位减影技术的质量评价

目的利用血管减影前后的吻合程度，探讨非刚性对位减影技术在肝脏CT动态增强检查中的质量评价。 方法收集2018年12月至2019年2月于中山大学附属第一医院行肝脏CT动态增强检查的50例患者资料，使用非刚性对位减影技术获得减影图像，对减影前后的图像质量进行评价，定性评价包括图像伪影情况及解剖错配程度，定量评价测量各血管（腹主动脉、肝右动脉、肝左动脉、门静脉主干、门静脉右支、门静脉左支）减影前后在动脉晚期、门静脉晚期的CT值。采用混合线性效应模型及拟合方程评估减影前后各血管的CT值曲线拟合程度。 结果减影后图像均无明显解剖结构错配导致的伪影，3名测量者一致性较高（ICC=0.844，P<0.001）。减影技术一定程度上会降低各血管的CT值，与强化分期不存在交互作用。无论是在动脉晚期还是门静脉晚期，减影前后各血管CT值走势一致，CT值变化曲线吻合。 结论非刚性对位减影技术可轻松实现肝脏CT动态增强检查的图像减影，并获得良好的图像质量。     

Bone mineral density changes after parathyroidectomy are dependent on biochemical profile

Background

Bone mineral density (BMD) has been found to improve after parathyroidectomy (PTX) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. There are few data on the effect of PTX on BMD in normocalcemic and normohormonal primary hyperparathyroidism.