Anatomic or reverse shoulder arthroplasty: indications and decision-making

Shoulder replacement surgery has become the gold standard treatment for end-stage glenohumeral arthropathies in patients who are fit for surgical treatment. The options include anatomic total shoulder replacement, reverse total shoulder replacement and humeral hemiarthroplasty procedures. Whilst for some patients and some indications there is little debate, decision-making for older patients with osteoarthritis remains one of the hot topics in shoulder surgery. In this article we will explore the treatment options, outcomes, and controversies.     

Assessing the Effects of Geniculate Artery Embolization in a Nonsurgical Animal Model of Osteoarthritis

PurposeTo create a nonsurgical animal model of osteoarthritis (OA) to evaluate the effects of embolotherapy during geniculate artery embolization (GAE).Materials and MethodsFluoroscopy-guided injections of 700 mg of sodium monoiodoacetate were performed into the left stifle in 6 rams. Kinematic data were collected before and after induction. At 10 weeks after induction, Subjects 1 and 4–6 underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and Subjects 1, 3, and 4–6 underwent angiography with angiographic scoring to identify regions with greatest disease severity for superselective embolization (75–250-μm microspheres). Target vessel size was measured. At 24 weeks after angiography, DCE-MR imaging, angiography, and euthanasia were performed, and bilateral stifles were harvested. Medial/lateral tibial and femoral condylar, patellar, and synovial samples were cut, preserved, decalcified, and scored using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International criteria. The stifle and synovium Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score and Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study score were determined. The volume transfer constant (K_trans) and extracellular volume fraction (v_e) were calculated from DCE-MR imaging along the lateral synovial regions of interest.ResultsThe mean gross and microscopic pathological scores were elevated at 38 and 61, respectively. Mean synovitis score was elevated at 9.2. Mean pre-embolization and postembolization angiographic scores were 5 and 3.8, respectively. Mean superior, transverse, and inferior geniculate artery diameters were 3.1 mm ± 1.21, 2.0 mm ± 0.50, and 1.6 mm ± 0.41 mm, respectively. Mean pre-embolization and postembolization cartilage and synovitis scores were elevated at 35.13 and 73.3 and 5.5 and 9.2, respectively. The K_trans/v_e values of Subjects 4, 5, and 6 were elevated at 0.049/0.38, 0.074/0.53, and 0.065/0.51, respectively. Altered gait of the hind limb was observed in all subjects after induction, with reduced joint mobility. No skin necrosis or osteonecrosis was observed.ConclusionsA nonsurgical ovine animal knee OA model was created, which allowed the collection of angiographic, histopathological, MR imaging, and kinematic data to study the effects of GAE.     

Prevalence of proximal tibia vara in Indonesian population with knee osteoarthritis

BackgroundProximal tibia vara has drawn interest since the concept of constitutional varus was introduced. Proximal tibia vara is a condition where the knee varus tilt the tibia condyle medially and shift the tibial articular surface medially. This condition affects medial proximal tibial angle measurements and the placement of the tibial implant in knee replacement surgery. Thus, it challenged the neutral knee arthroplasty alignment target because some people may present a proximal tibia vara. This study assesses the prevalence of the proximal tibia vara and the correlation to knee osteoarthritis grade.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out from January 2021 to June 2021. Eighty-five limbs were included with the following inclusion criteria: knee osteoarthritis patients who received a long view lower extremity radiograph. The exclusions criteria were (1) patients who had undergone arthroplasty and lower extremity surgery before and (2) valgus knee deformity. The outcomes in this study were HKAA, MAD, TAD, MPTA, PTRP, LDFA, and PTS. Intraclass correlation (ICC) using two-way mixed was used to assess the reproducibility of the radiographic parameters. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the correlation between knee osteoarthritis grade and radiographs parameters (MAD and TAD).ResultA total 85 limbs from 52 patients were assessed in this study. Proximal tibia vara was found in 18 knees (21%.). The logistic regression was performed to assess the correlation between the severity of the knee osteoarthritis and radiographic parameters (MAD, TAD, LDFA, and PTS) with an overall p-value < 0.001 and pseudo-R² = 0.29.ConclusionA significant portion of patients with knee osteoarthritis have proximal tibia vara, and it is a pre-existing condition. Since the pre-existing proximal tibia vara affects preoperative measurements, a long-standing lower extremity x-ray is recommended to be obtained as part of knee replacement preparation.     

Anatomic vs. reverse shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis with intact rotator cuff: a retrospective comparison of patient-reported outcomes using the systems outcomes database with up to 5-year follow-up

BackgroundThe growing enthusiasm for the use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in the treatment of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) with an intact rotator cuff is based on data derived from single-center studies with limited generalizability and follow-up. This study compared patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between RSA and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of primary GHOA with up to 5-year follow-up and examined temporal trends in the treatment of GHOA between 2012 and 2021.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on patients with primary GHOA undergoing primary arthroplasty surgery from the Surgical Outcomes System global registry between 2012 and 2021. PROs including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were compared between RSA and TSA at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively.ResultsA total of 4451 patients were included, with 2693 (60.5%) undergoing TSA and 1758 (39.5%) undergoing RSA. Both RSA and TSA provided clinically excellent outcomes at 1 year postoperatively (ASES: 80.8 ± 17.9 vs. 85.9 ± 15.2, respectively; SANE: 74.8 ± 24.7 vs. 79.5 ± 22.9; VAS pain: 1.3 ± 2.0 vs. 1.1 ± 1.7; all P < .05) that were maintained at 2 years (ASES: 81.3 ± 19.3 vs. 87.3 ± 14.9; SANE: 74.8 ± 26.2 vs. 79.7 ± 24.7; VAS pain: 1.3 ± 2.1 vs. 1.0 ± 1.6; all P < .05) and 5 years (ASES: 81.7 ± 16.5 vs. 86.9 ± 15.3; SANE: 71.6 ± 28.5 vs. 78.2 ± 25.9; VAS pain: 1.0 ± 1.7 vs. 1.0 ± 1.7; all P < .05), with statistical significance favoring TSA. After controlling for age and sex, there was an adjusted difference of 4.5 units in the ASES score favoring TSA (P = .005) at 5 years postoperatively but no differences in adjusted SANE (P = .745) and VAS pain (P = .332) scores. The use of RSA for GHOA grew considerably over time, from representing only 17% of all replacements performed for GHOA in 2012 to nearly half (47%) in 2021 (P < .001).ConclusionRSA as a treatment for GHOA with an intact rotator cuff seems to yield PROs that are largely clinically equivalent to TSA extending to 5 years postoperatively. The observed statistical significance favoring TSA appears to be of marginal clinical benefit based on established minimal clinically important differences and may be a result of the large sample size. Further research using more granular clinical data and examining differences in range of motion and complications is warranted as it may change the value analysis.     

伸筋易骨法调节兔膝关节周围软组织张力影响软骨形态的研究

[目的] 评价伸筋易骨法对膝关节周围软组织张力及软骨形态的影响，以探讨其对膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的治疗作用。[方法] 选择6~8月龄雌性健康新西兰大耳白兔50只，随机分为5组。其中模型组、推拿组、玻璃酸钠组采用Hulth造模法模拟KOA，正常组、假手术组不做干预。造模成功后，推拿组予伸筋易骨法治疗3周，玻璃酸钠组予局部关节内注射每周1次，共3周，模型组不予任何治疗。治疗结束后，测试股直肌、股二头肌张力，并取软骨组织进行HE染色后光镜下进行形态学观察，并进行Markin评分。分析推拿组与其余4组的异同。[结果] 模型组较正常组，股直肌FDD值和S值显著降低（P<0.05），股二头肌FDD值和S值显著升高（P<0.05）。推拿组和玻璃酸钠组相较于模型组的股直肌FDD值和S值均显著升高（P<0.05））；推拿组和玻璃酸钠组相较于模型组股二头肌的FDD值和S值均显著降低（P<0.05）。推拿组和玻璃酸钠组相较于模型组，Mankin’s评分比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。[结论] 伸筋易骨法可以显著增加关节周围肌肉的肌力、调节组织张力、改善关节活动功能，对保护膝关节周围软组织功能具有重要意义。     

温针灸阳陵泉穴治疗膝关节骨性关节炎临床疗效观察

目的:观察温针灸阳陵泉穴治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:将2015年1月至2019年1月本院收治的膝关节骨性关节炎患者120例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组给予等速肌力训练治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用温针灸阳陵泉穴治疗。观察两组患者膝关节屈曲度、伸直度,白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6及IL-18水平,VAS评分及膝关节症状和功能评分。结果:观察组治疗后屈曲度及伸直度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后IL-6及IL-18水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后症状和功能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组有效率95.0%,对照组有效率83.3%,观察组有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:温针灸阳陵泉穴治疗膝关节骨性关节炎,可有效改善患者膝关节活动度,降低炎症因子,减轻疼痛,提高临床疗效。     

碘乙酸钠诱导的大鼠膝骨关节炎模型肠道菌群变化及其潜在影响

目的:研究碘乙酸钠诱导的大鼠膝骨关节炎(KOA)模型肠道菌群变化情况,探究肠道菌群与KOA的潜在联系。方法:将SPF级大鼠分为空白对照组和KOA组,通过膝关节局部注射碘乙酸钠制造大鼠KOA模型。通过16SrDNA检测大鼠粪便中的肠道菌群变化情况,蛋白印记法检测结肠组织中NF-κB和TNF-α蛋白表达,RT-qPCR检测结肠组织中Caspase-1和IL-1β基因表达情况,苏木精-伊红染色观察结肠黏膜通透性变化,苏木精-伊红染色观察关节滑膜和软骨组织的病理变化情况。ELISA检测血液上清中LBP,IL-1β,TNF-α及IL-10炎症因子水平。结果:与空白对照组相比,从KOA组中筛选出明显变化的肠道菌群,以Akkermansia和疣微菌门变化最为显著,结肠黏膜通透性增加,结肠组织中NF-κB p65及TNF-α蛋白表达升高,结肠组织中Caspase-1和IL-1β基因表达升高,血液中促炎因子LBP,IL-1β及TNF-α蛋白含量升高,抗炎因子IL-10蛋白含量降低。结论:KOA病理状态下肠道菌群发生变化,结肠炎症反应增强,结肠炎症反应或许在提高全身炎症反应水平、促进与肠道菌群相关的KOA的病理进程中起到重要的桥梁作用。     

穴位敷贴结合运动疗法对膝骨性关节炎的治疗价值评估

目的探讨穴位敷贴联合运动疗法对膝骨性关节炎的治疗效果。方法100例膝骨性关节炎患者,按照随机摸球法分为实验组与参照组,各50例。实验组应用穴位敷贴结合运动疗法治疗,参照组口服非甾体消炎止痛药治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果实验组的优良率80.00%与参照组的78.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种治疗方案都可实现治疗膝骨性关节炎的目的,穴位敷贴联合运动疗法治疗膝骨性关节炎具有成本低、价格便宜、经济实惠等优势。     

南星骨痛凝胶贴膏对兔膝骨关节炎关节形态及血清IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-13、TIMP-1表达的影响

目的观察南星骨痛凝胶贴膏对兔膝骨关节炎关节形态及血清IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-13、TIMP-1表达的影响,探讨南星骨痛凝胶贴膏治疗兔膝骨关节炎可能的作用机制。方法 18只健康6月龄新西兰兔随机分成3组:空白组(A组)、模型组(B组)、骨痛膏治疗组(C组). BC组用3%木瓜蛋白酶关节腔内注射造模后C组给予南星骨痛凝胶贴膏外敷,给药4周后,用Aloka Latheta LCT-200观察兔膝骨关节影像学改变、用ELISA法检测血清IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-13、TIMP-1含量。结果 C组兔膝关节病变程度较B组轻,C组兔血清中IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-13含量较B组降低(P<0. 05),TIMP-1含量较B组升高(P <0. 05)。结论南星骨痛凝胶贴膏能减轻兔膝关节骨关节炎病变程度,对关节软骨有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制炎症因子IL-1、TNF-α及MMP-13表达,增加TIMP-1表达有关。     

高频电针结合臭氧对膝骨关节炎患者血清IL-1及TNF-α表达的影响

目的:研究高频电针(100Hz)结合膝关节腔内注射臭氧对膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者血清IL-1及TNF-α水平的影响。方法:将195例KOA患者随机分为三组,100 Hz电针治疗组(A组,n=65); 膝关节腔内臭氧注射治疗组(B组,n=65); 100 Hz电针结合膝关节腔内臭氧注射治疗组(C组,n=65),疗程均为3周。分别于治疗前和治疗后检测患者血清IL-1及TNF-α水平,并进行WOMAC 指数评分。结果:治疗后,三组患者的血清IL-1、TNF-α含量均较治疗开始前有所降低; 且C 组改善水平优于A、B 组,B组改善水平优于A组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 治疗后,三组患者WOMAC 指数评分均较治疗前有所降低; 且C 组WOMAC评分好于A和B 组,B 组WOMAC评分优于A 组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高频电针结合膝关节腔内注射臭氧可显著抑制KOA患者血清 IL-1、TNF-α的表达,改善患者WOMAC指数评分。