65岁以上老年患者心脏瓣膜手术中的体外循环管理

目的总结65岁以上老年人心脏瓣膜置换术的体外循环管理方法。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2008年12月老年人心脏瓣膜置换术232例患者的临床资料,着重分析体外循环方法和手术方法。全部患者采用气管插管、静吸复合麻醉,中度血液稀释、中度低温、中高流量,冷含血停跳液进行心肌保护,全部应用超滤器。结果体外循环时间（87.2±32.7）min;主动脉阻断时间（58.3±27.5）min。转流中平均动脉压维持在60～90mm Hg（1mm Hg=0.133kPa）,超滤量为800～8300mL,心脏自动复跳率86%,本组早期死亡10例（4.3%）。结论体外循环中加强心肌保护;控制血液稀释度,使用血液超滤技术维持机体内环境的稳定;有效的组织灌注以及良好的保护等综合性措施,有助于脑、肾、肺等重要脏器的保护,有利于提高老年患者心脏瓣膜置换术中体外循环的质量,并确保手术安全。     

孕羊低温体外循环对胎羊血流动力学以及碳水化合物代谢的影响

目的 探讨孕羊低温体外循环(CPB)对胎羊血流动力学以及碳水化合物代谢的影响.方法 孕羊20头,随机分成对照组,开胸不建立体外循环;常温CPB组(35～36℃)、浅低温组CPB(32～34℃)和中低温CPB组(28～31℃),建立常规体外循环,转流降温、复温30 min.分别监测孕羊和胎羊的心率、平均动脉压、胎羊脐动脉和颈内动脉的搏动指数(pulse index,PI),孕羊与胎羊血糖、乳酸含量和HCO-3值的变化.结果 母羊和胎羊平均动脉压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).浅低温组和中低温组颈内动脉PI值较对照组和常温组显著增高(P＜0.05),脐动脉PI值组间差异无统计学意义,但随体外循环时间的延长而增高.血糖水平胎羊各组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但中低温CPB组中胎羊显著低于孕羊(P＜0.05).中低温CPB组胎羊血乳酸随时间延长有上升趋势(P＜0.05),而且显著高于孕羊(P＜0.05),但各CPB组间血乳酸差异无统计学意义.结论 孕羊低温体外循环降温时,胎羊心率明显下降,复温后胎羊心率能回复正常,体外循环对胎羊平均动脉压无明显影响,但低温降低胎羊脑部和脐动脉的血流;低温体外循环导致胎羊血糖水平降低,而血乳酸浓度显著增高.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate effects of maternal hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on fetal homodynamic and carbohydrate metabolism. Methods Twenty pregnant sheep were divided into four groups randomly: control group(n=5),normothermic group (35-36℃)(n=5), mild hypothermic group(32-34℃)(n=5) and moderate hypothermic group (28-31℃)(n=5).Thoracotomy was performed without CPB in the control group. Routine CPB was established with different temperature in other three groups. The temperature of normothermic group was kept normal; the left two groups were cooled down to the set point of temperature and then rewarmed back to normal level. Fetal and maternal temperatures, heart rate,mean blood pressure(BP), pulse index (PI) of fetal umbilical artery (UA) and internal carotid artery (CA) were evaluated at cooling and rewarming stages. Biochemical indicators including blood glucose and lactic acid were also measured at the same time. Results There are no differences in mesn BP of ewas and fetal lambs between the different groups (P＞0.05). CA PI value of mild hypothermic group and moderate hypothermic group were significantly higher than those of control group and normothermic group (P＜0.05). There was no difference of UA PI in the four groups, but PI increased following the prolonged duration of CPB. There was no difference change of blood glucose in the four group of fetus, which was significantly lower than the ewe groups. An upward trend of fetal blood lactic acid with time was observed in three CPB groups. The whole level of fetal blood lactic acid was much higher than that of maternal blood of lactic acid. Conclusion Cooling of maternal bypsss decreases fetal heart rate significantly,and fetal heart rate recovered to base line following rewarming phase. There was no signicant effect of CPB on fetal mean BP. However, CPB impacted on the blood flow of fetal brain and umbilical artey. Hypothermia CPB can increase fetal blood glucose and blood lactic acid dramatically.     

宫内羊水降温诱导胎羊低温动物模型

目的 建立通过羊水降温诱导胎羊低温的实验动物模型,并探讨其对孕羊和胎羊的影响,寻求一种安全、有效的胎羊降温方法.方法 6头孕120～140天的山羊,孕羊平均体重(25.00±5.90)kg,胎羊平均体重(1.76±0.25)kg.子宫内放入塑料变温管,将温水或冷水持续泵入,使宫内羊水升温或降温,从而改变胎羊的体温.结果 实验中孕羊、胎羊血压、心率稳定.降温开始后,胎羊腋动脉血的pH值下降,二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)增高,与降温前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).复温后血气结果有所改善.结论 通过改变宫内羊水温度,能够安全、有效地改变胎羊的体温,为浅、中低温下胎羊心内操作建立了很好的平台.     

七氟烷后处理对心肌保护作用的临床研究

目的 探讨心脏瓣膜置换术中七氟烷后处理对心功能的保护作用.方法 2010年3月至2010年5月连续观察同一手术组完成的23例行心脏瓣膜置换术的患者,随机分为对照组(12例)和七氟烷后处理组(11例).监测患者麻醉前、CPB停机时、术后6h及24 h各时间点的平均动脉血压、心率、CKMB、cTnI及术后复苏情况,数据用S...     

产前诊断与生后治疗一体化模式救治新生儿重症先天性心脏病的研究

目的介绍一体化模式的流程并探讨其对新生儿重症先天性心脏病诊治的影响。方法 2004年8月至2012年3月38例产前诊断的重症先天性心脏病胎儿被保留并于出生后得到内、外科治疗,随访6个月至8年。孕妇年龄(25.4±2.2)岁(21～43岁),产前诊断时的孕周为(26.6±2.6)周(22～40周)。结果出生后超声心动图诊断与产前诊断符合率为98%。13例动脉导管依赖型先天性心脏病患儿在新生儿期静脉滴注前列腺素E,38例重症先天性心脏病在新生儿期接受外科手术或介入治疗。治疗时间为出生后(14±2.1)d(1～27d)。其中外科手术29例,均为Ⅰ期手术,介入治疗9例。38例接受治疗的患儿存活35例,占92%(35/38),死亡3例,占8%(3/38)。存活患儿中29例心脏结构恢复正常,占76.4%(29/35),6例心脏瓣膜存在轻微改变,占23.3%(6/35)。结论产前诊断、生后治疗一体化模式为重症先天性心脏病争取了诊断、治疗时间,有利于选择最佳治疗方式、降低术前、术后死亡率、改善疗效,是新生儿重症先天性心脏病救治的最佳模式。     

库存红细胞清洗在新生儿及小婴儿体外循环手术中的应用

Objective Priming blood in cardiopulmonary circuit is necessary for neonates and small infants. However, high concentration of potassium and lactate in pecked red blood cells transfused during cardiopulmonary bypass may have detrimental effects on meonstea and infants undergoing cardiac surgery. This study is to cornice the effects of trasfusing washed end unwashed peeked red blood cells for cardiopulmonary circuit on serum potassium and lactate concentrations preoperatively. Methods 30 neonates and small infants with complex congenitai heart disease undergoing open heart surgery were divided into 2 groups randomly. Unwashed group (n = 15) received unwashed pecked red blood cells and washed group (n=15) received packed red blood cells washed in a cell saver (Medtronic Autolog). Potasium and lactate concertrations were compared before, during and after bypass. Resuils Wash-packed red blood cells reduced donor blood [K+] from (19.3±0.9)mmd/L to (1.1 +0.3) mmol/L, and lactate from 15 mmo/L to (7.8±1.2) mmol/L (P<0.001). The [K+]in the prime solution was significantly higher [(9.0±0.5) mmol/L vs. (2.6±0.1) mmol/L, P<0.001] in umwashed group than that of washed group, so did the lactate [(9.5±2.6) mmol/L vs. (4.7±1.1) mmol/L, P相似文献   

胎羊心脏转流对胎羊心功能的影响

目的探讨胎羊心脏转流对不停跳下胎羊心功能的影响。方法孕120-140d母羊8只，共孕9只胎羊，随机分为对照组（n=4）和胎羊体外循环组（CPB组，n=5）。对照组胎羊开胸，不建立体外循环。CPB组建立胎羊心脏转流模型，转流30min。分别于转流前、转流30min、转流结束后1h、2h测胎羊平均动脉压、心率和动脉血气值。观察血肌钙蛋白（TnI）含量的变化，B超检测左、右心室Tei指数和脐动脉搏动指数（PI），观察心肌超微结构变化。结果两组胎羊平均动脉压、心率无显著变化。CPB组胎羊脱离体外循环后出现高碳酸血症和酸中毒，血氧分压无显著变化。对照组胎羊血气值无明显变化。CPB组胎羊左右心室Tei指数、脐动脉PI、血TnI含量均显著大于对照组（P〈0．05）。CPB组胎羊心肌细胞糖原明显减少。结论胎羊心脏转流对胎羊心功能造成损害，心功能不良与胎盘功能不良存在相互影响。     

库存红细胞清洗在新生儿及小婴儿体外循环手术中的应用

Objective Priming blood in cardiopulmonary circuit is necessary for neonates and small infants. However, high concentration of potassium and lactate in pecked red blood cells transfused during cardiopulmonary bypass may have detrimental effects on meonstea and infants undergoing cardiac surgery. This study is to cornice the effects of trasfusing washed end unwashed peeked red blood cells for cardiopulmonary circuit on serum potassium and lactate concentrations preoperatively. Methods 30 neonates and small infants with complex congenitai heart disease undergoing open heart surgery were divided into 2 groups randomly. Unwashed group (n = 15) received unwashed pecked red blood cells and washed group (n=15) received packed red blood cells washed in a cell saver (Medtronic Autolog). Potasium and lactate concertrations were compared before, during and after bypass. Resuils Wash-packed red blood cells reduced donor blood [K+] from (19.3±0.9)mmd/L to (1.1 +0.3) mmol/L, and lactate from 15 mmo/L to (7.8±1.2) mmol/L (P<0.001). The [K+]in the prime solution was significantly higher [(9.0±0.5) mmol/L vs. (2.6±0.1) mmol/L, P<0.001] in umwashed group than that of washed group, so did the lactate [(9.5±2.6) mmol/L vs. (4.7±1.1) mmol/L, P相似文献   

经副半奇静脉灌注依达拉奉对脊髓损伤的保护作用

依达拉奉是一种有效的氧自由基清除剂[1].本研究旨在观察经副半奇静脉逆行灌注依达拉奉对脊髓缺血性损伤的保护作用. 一、材料与方法 1.实验动物及分组:18头巴马香猪,体质量19-32 kg,随机分为对照组(n=6)、低温生理盐水组(n=6)和依达拉奉组(n=6).     

半身体外循环技术在主动脉缩窄矫治术中的应用

目的探讨心脏不停跳下半身体外循环(partial cardiopulmonary bypass,PCB)在主动脉缩窄矫治术中的应用。方法回顾性分析2016年3月至2017年8月我院经左后外侧切口行缩窄主动脉段置换术5例男性主动脉缩窄患者的临床资料,平均年龄(22.80±14.22)岁。术中经降主动脉和左肺动脉分别插入动脉灌注管和静脉引流管,连接人工膜肺和滚轴泵,建立PCB。采用心脏不停跳的方法,避免深低温(鼻咽温度33℃以上),控制灌注流量在15~50 ml/(kg·min),维持上肢血压60~100 mm Hg和下肢血压50~80 mm Hg。结果 PCB平均转流时间为(77.40±17.85)min,均平稳脱离体外循环。术后平均住ICU时间(25.00±14.17)h。所有患者无截瘫、肾损害等并发症。短期随访没有主动脉再狭窄现象。结论心脏不停跳下经降主动脉和左肺动脉插管建立PCB的技术在青少年或成人主动脉缩窄矫治术中安全、可行,能避免深低温及内脏和脊髓损伤。