蒜素抗肿瘤的研究进展

蒜素含有丰富的硫化物,具有防治肿瘤、抗菌消炎、预防和治疗心血管疾病、提高机体免疫力等多种生物学功效。研究发现蒜素不仅可以预防多种肿瘤发生,并且对肿瘤有明显的抑制作用,其机制可能与蒜素具有抗氧化作用、降低肿瘤细胞的侵袭力、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和直接杀伤肿瘤细胞等作用有关。本文就蒜素抗肿瘤的研究进展进行综述。     

Allicin as add-on therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Allicin(2-propene-1-sulfinothioic acid S-2-propenyl ester, diallyl thiosulfinate)extracted from garlic, has proven activity against Helicobacter pylori(H. Pylori)infection. In recent years, clinical trials have explored its utility as an add-on therapy with variable outcomes reported.AIM To perform a systemic review of allicin as an add-on treatment for H. Pylori infection and assess its efficacy in randomized controlled trials(RCTs).METHODS Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Chinese VIP Information Databases, Chinese Medical Databases, and the WanFang Database were searched for keywords including "allicin", "Helicobacter pylori", "randomized clinical trials", and their synonyms. A meta-analysis was performed using the fixed-effects model for low heterogeneity and the randomeffects model for high heterogeneity with sensitivity analysis. Bias was evaluated using Egger's tests. Trial sequential analysis(TSA) was used to evaluate information size and treatment benefits. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) was used to assess the level of quality, and studies were classed as "high quality", "moderate quality", "low quality", and "very low quality".RESULTS A total of eight RCTs consisting of 867 participants(435 from the allicin group and 432 from the control group) were included. Eradication rate in the allicin group(93.33%, 406/435) was significantly higher than that of the control group(83.56%, 361/432) [I~2 = 0%, odds ratio(OR) = 2.75, 95% confidence interval(CI):1.74-4.35, P 0.001]. The healing rate of ulcers following H. pylori therapy in the allicin group(86.17%, 349/405) was significantly higher than that of the control group(75.87%, 305/402) [I~2 = 0%, OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.39-3.03, P 0.001]. The total remission rate of peptic ulcers across all allicin groups was 95.99%, which was significantly higher than that of controls [95.99%(359/374) vs 89.25%(332/372), I~2 = 0, heterogeneity P = 0.84, OR = 3.13, 95%CI: 1.51-6.51, P =0.002].No significant differences in side effects were observed. TSA suggested that the trials were of sufficient standard to draw reliable conclusions. The quality of outcomes including eradication rates and side effects was graded as "very low"due to downgrades for "risk of bias" and "indirectness". Other outcomes such as ulcer healing rates and total ulcer remission rates were graded as "low" due to downgrades for "risk of bias".CONCLUSION Allicin as an add-on therapy improves H. pylori eradication, healing of ulcers, and remission of symptoms. These results are suggested to be treated with caution due to limited quality.     

大蒜素对HL-60细胞端粒酶活性的影响

目的 研究大蒜素对人早幼白血病HL-60细胞端粒酶活性的影响。方法 不同浓度的大蒜素作用HL-60细胞后,MTT法测细胞的生长和增殖情况,TRAP-PCR-ELISA法研究细胞端粒酶活性的变化。结果 大蒜素能明显地抑制HL-60细胞的生长,且呈时间、浓度依赖性。不同浓度的大蒜素能下调HL-60细胞的端粒酶活性,且同样呈时间、浓度依赖性。结论 大蒜素可抑制HL-60细胞的端粒酶活性,可能是其诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的重要机制之一。     

大蒜素对大鼠NK细胞肿瘤杀伤活性的影响

目的: 研究大蒜素对体外培养的大鼠NK细胞肿瘤杀伤活性的影响,并初步分析其可能机制。方法: 免疫磁珠分选法分离大鼠脾脏NK细胞,流式细胞仪检测不同浓度的大蒜素对NK细胞的增殖和凋亡的影响,ELISA检测大鼠脾脏NK细胞IFN-γ的分泌水平,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)法检测大鼠脾脏NK细胞对小鼠淋巴瘤Yac-1细胞的杀伤活性。结果: 大蒜素对体外培养的NK细胞有明显的促进增殖和抑制NK细胞自然凋亡的作用,并能提高NK细胞分泌IFN-γ的水平和增强对Yac-1细胞的杀伤毒性,且在一定的浓度范围内呈剂量依赖性,其中30 mg/L是大蒜素的相对适宜浓度。结论: 大蒜素可能通过上调NK细胞分泌IFN-γ的水平,增强其体外肿瘤杀伤能力。     

大蒜素治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠溃疡的Meta分析

目的 探讨大蒜素对幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠溃疡的治疗作用.方法 计算机检索PubMed、CENTRAL、Embase、VIP、CNKI、CBM和WanFang Data,查找所有探讨大蒜素对幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠溃疡的随机对照试验,检索时限均为建库至2016年8月15日.同时手检纳入文献的参考文献.按纳入排除标准由3名研究者独立进行RCT的筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入8个研究、961例患者.Meta分析结果显示:①在有效性方面:大蒜素治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠溃疡的溃疡愈合总体有效率[OR=3.33,95％CI(1.82,6.06),P<0.01]高于对照组;对溃疡愈合情况进行亚组分析痊愈率高于对照组[OR=1.92,95％CI(1.29,2.87),P<0.01],无效率低于对照组[OR=0.35,95％CI(0.16,0.75),P<0.01];幽门螺杆菌根除率[OR=2.88,95％CI(1.77,4.67),P<0.01]高于对照组;②在安全性方面:腹痛消失时间较早[SMD=-1.06,95％CI(-1.91,-0.22),P=0.01].通过Jadad法进行文献质量评价,所有研究均为5分,文献质量较高.结论 大蒜素对幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠溃疡患者有明显疗效;但因纳入研究较少、质量参差不齐、样本含量小、各研究方法变异性大,建议临床上慎重选择使用,需要更多高质量、大样本、多中心的随机对照试验进一步论证.     

Effects of allicin supplementation on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL-6 and antioxidant capacity

To investigate the effects of allicin supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antioxidative capacity, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in well-trained athletes. Subjects were randomly assigned to an allicin supplementation group (AS group) and a control group, and received either allicin or placebo for 14 days before and 2 days after a downhill treadmill run. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), muscle-specific creatine kinase (CK-MM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and perceived muscle soreness were measured pre and post exercise. AS group had significantly lower plasma levels of CK, CK-MM and IL-6, and reduced perceived muscle soreness after exercise, when compared with the control group. AS group also demonstrated a trend toward reducing plasma concentration of LDH after exercise (P = 0.08), although not statistically significant. Allicin supplementation induced a higher value of TAC at rest, and this higher value was maintained 48 h after exercise, however, there was no difference in SOD values after exercise between the two groups. The results suggested that allicin might be a potential agent to reduce EIMD. Further studies concerning anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of allicin on EIMD are needed.     

Effect of Allicin in Antagonizing Mice's Bladder Cancerin vitro and in vivo

Objective: To explore anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Allicin in treating murine bladder tumor. Methods: To observe Allicin's effect on MBT-2 tumor cells in vitro, 100 μg/ml Allicin was added to the tumor cell culture, and the morphology of tumor cells was observed by phase contrast microscope 6 hrs later. The direct effects of Allicin on tumor cell growth in vitro in the MTT Assay was also evaluated. To determine anti-tumor effect of Allicin in vivo, C3H/He mice were randomly grouped prior to initiation of experiment. The mice received 1×105 MBT-2 cells administered subcutaneously into the right posterior flank on the Day 0 the experiment started. Allicin was injected at the site near tumor transplantation on the Day 1. The mice were examined for tumor development and the tumors were measured in two dimensions with calipers twice a week. On Day 21 the tumors were resected and examined pathologically to see the immune response. Results: The observation of morphology of MBT-2 cells in vitro and MTT a     

薄层扫描法测定复方大蒜软胶囊中大蒜新素的含量

用薄层扫描法直接测定复方大蒜软胶囊中大蒜新素的含量，可作为复方大蒜软胶囊的质量评价指标。     

大蒜素纳米粒抑制原位移植性肝癌生长的实验研究

目的：探讨大蒜素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒（DATS-PBCA-NP）对人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤生长的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法：采用在裸鼠肝包膜下接种肝细胞HepG2移植物的方法构建人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤模型，并将其分为空白对照组、空白纳米粒组、大蒜素（DATS）注射液组和DATS纳米粒组(DATS-PBCA-NP)进行实验；用药2周后处死实验动物，观察肿瘤体积的变化，计算抑瘤率，采用免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织中的增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA），Western blot检测原位肝癌移植物组织中细胞增殖和凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果：人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤模型构建成功率为100％，DATS纳米粒组平均肿瘤体积明显缩小（P＜0.05)，免疫组化法和Western blot检测显示，DATS纳米粒组PCNA蛋白表达明显降低（P＜0.05），而Fas和FasL蛋白的表达各组差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：DATS-PBCA-NP对肝脏具有明显的靶向性，能显著抑制肝癌体内生长，其机制可能是抑制肿瘤细胞的恶性增殖。     

大蒜素对小鼠膀胱癌的体内及体外抗肿瘤效果的实验研究

目的了解大蒜素对小鼠膀胱肿瘤的抗肿瘤效果与机制。方法通过MTT实验评定了大蒜素的直接细胞毒活性,动物实验显示大蒜素在体内有明显的抗肿瘤效果,并用LDH释放法测细胞毒活性。结果大蒜素对膀胱肿瘤有直接细胞毒作用。大剂量治疗组与对照组相比,肿瘤的生长速度明显受到抑制(P<0.01),大蒜素治疗后产生了针对B16肿瘤细胞的淋巴细胞。结论大蒜素对膀胱肿瘤有明显的抗肿瘤作用。这种效果可能与直接细胞毒作用和免疫反应有关。大蒜素可能是一种有效的表浅膀胱癌腔内治疗药物。