Effects of allicin supplementation on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL-6 and antioxidant capacity

To investigate the effects of allicin supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antioxidative capacity, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in well-trained athletes. Subjects were randomly assigned to an allicin supplementation group (AS group) and a control group, and received either allicin or placebo for 14 days before and 2 days after a downhill treadmill run. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), muscle-specific creatine kinase (CK-MM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and perceived muscle soreness were measured pre and post exercise. AS group had significantly lower plasma levels of CK, CK-MM and IL-6, and reduced perceived muscle soreness after exercise, when compared with the control group. AS group also demonstrated a trend toward reducing plasma concentration of LDH after exercise (P = 0.08), although not statistically significant. Allicin supplementation induced a higher value of TAC at rest, and this higher value was maintained 48 h after exercise, however, there was no difference in SOD values after exercise between the two groups. The results suggested that allicin might be a potential agent to reduce EIMD. Further studies concerning anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of allicin on EIMD are needed.     

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of allicin against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus – A therapeutic potential for denture stomatitis

The objective of this study is to determine the therapeutic efficacy of allicin against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the common etiological agents for denture stomatitis (DS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFCs) of allicin were determined by the broth microdilution method followed by checkerboard microdilution method for a synergistic interaction between allicin + nystatin and allicin + CHX. The potential of allicin to eradicate C. albicans and S. aureus biofilms was assessed by treating biofilm formed on self- polymerized acrylic resin with allicin at a sub-MIC concentration for 5 min. The commercial denture cleanser (brand X) was used as a positive control. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was applied (SPSS 20.0), and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Allicin exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. albicans (MIC:8 µg/ml and MFC:16 µg/ml) and S. aureus (MIC:8 µg/ml and MBC:8 µg/ml). A synergistic interaction was observed between allicin + nystatin and allicin + CHX (FICI ≤ 0.5). Allicin exhibited significant biofilm eradication against C. albicans and S. aureus biofilms with percentages of 50.0% and 52.6%, respectively. The results of this study suggest a possible application of allicin in treating C. albicans and S. aureus infection in DS.     

大蒜素对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎bcl 2、Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察大鼠溃疡性结肠炎淋巴细胞凋亡及其调控蛋白bcl 2和Bax的表达及大蒜素对其的影响,探讨大蒜素对溃疡性结肠炎肠黏膜的保护作用及其机制.方法:SD大鼠48只随机分为对照组、三硝基苯磺酸组(TNBS组)、三硝基苯磺酸+0.9%氯化钠注射液组(TNBS＋NS组)、三硝基苯磺酸+大蒜素组(TNBS＋Alc组)共4组,每组12只.用TNBS 150 mg&#8226;kg 1灌肠建立大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型,第2天开始,TNBS＋NS组和TNBS＋Alc组分别以0.9%氯化钠注射液4 mL&#8226;d 1、大蒜素30 mg&#8226;kg 1&#8226;d 1对其进行灌胃,qd,至3周后处死动物.利用DNA缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL法)和bcl 2、Bax蛋白免疫组化染色,分别检测溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠组织中的淋巴细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞bcl 2和Bax的表达,并观察肠管大体形态和组织学改变.结果:与TNBS组及TNBS＋NS组相比,TNBS＋Alc组中淋巴细胞凋亡增加(P＜0.01),bcl 2表达阳性淋巴细胞减少(P＜0.01).损伤指数明显下降(P＜0.01).结论:大蒜素可以通过促进淋巴细胞凋亡而对TNBS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠黏膜有保护作用.     

大蒜素对结肠癌ＬｏＶｏ细胞增殖的影响

目的：观察大蒜素对结肠癌细胞ＬｏＶｏ生长、细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响。方法：不同浓度的大蒜素作用于体外培养的ＬｏＶｏ细胞,倒置显微镜下观察ＬｏＶｏ细胞的形态学变化,采用ＭＴＴ法检测大蒜素对ＬｏＶｏ细胞增殖抑制能力,Ａｎ ｎｅｘｉｎＶ ＦＩＴＣ标记流式细胞术检测大蒜素对ＬｏＶｏ细胞的凋亡抑制率,流式细胞术检测大蒜素对ＬｏＶｏ细胞周期影响。结果：大蒜素可抑制人结肠癌ＬｏＶｏ细胞增殖,具有明显量效和时间依赖性,２４、４８和７２ｈ大蒜素抑制ＬｏＶｏ细胞的ＩＣ５０分别为３２.２３、１０.７４和６.５８μｇ／ｍｌ;大蒜素能够诱导ＬｏＶｏ细胞凋亡,作用２４ｈ其诱导凋亡率随着药物浓度的递增具有增高趋势,作用４８ｈ其诱导凋亡作用峰值浓度为８μｇ／ｍｌ,后再继续增加浓度凋亡率反而下降;大蒜素作用ＬｏＶｏ细胞２４ｈ后,大蒜素浓度低于４μｇ／ｍｌ时,ＬｏＶｏ细胞周期被阻滞于Ｇ２／Ｍ;     

富硒蒜对小鼠缓解体力疲劳作用的实验研究

目的:探讨富硒蒜对小鼠抗疲劳的影响。方法:用一定量的富硒蒜饲养小鼠,通过测定游泳时间、肝糖原、血乳酸来判定富硒蒜的抗疲劳效果。结果:富硒蒜组能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间,显著增加小鼠肝糖原含量,减少小鼠运动前后血乳酸曲线下面积。结论:富硒蒜有抗疲劳作用。     

大蒜素对兔急性下肢缺血再灌注损伤后组织中IL-1,IL-6,IL-8含量的影响

目的 观察大蒜素注射液对兔急性下肢缺血再灌注损伤后组织中白介素-1、白介素-6、白介素-8含量的影响及意义.方法 30只家兔随机分为5组：空白组、缺血再灌注2h组、缺血再灌注5h组、缺血再灌注2h大蒜素治疗组、缺血再灌注5h大蒜素治疗组.复制缺血再灌注模型.空白组,切开下肢,点滴生理盐水,取腓肠肌.其余四组于缺血2h或5h结束前10min,分别于耳缘静脉点滴大蒜素或生理盐水,再灌注1h后取腓肠肌.分别作免疫指标测定和形态学观察,进行对比分析.结果 缺血再灌注2h组、5h组组织中IL-1,IL-6,IL-8含量与空白组比较有明显增高（P〈0.05）,而缺血再灌注2h大蒜素治疗组、缺血再灌注5h大蒜素治疗组分别与缺血再灌注2h组、缺血再灌注5h组比较IL-1、IL-6、IL-8含量明显下降（P〈0.05）.光镜观察,再灌注组组织结构改变明显,而治疗组改变较轻.结论 大蒜素在兔急性下肢缺血再灌注损伤中能抑制IL-1,IL-6,IL-8的表达,有效减少中性粒细胞的黏附、浸润,减轻炎性渗出,押制微循环通透性的增加,减轻下肢肌肉的损伤.     

大蒜素对恶性肿瘤患者红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨大蒜素对恶性肿瘤患者红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法用红细胞C     

Allicin from garlic neutralizes the hemolytic activity of intra- and extra-cellular pneumolysin O in vitro

Pneumolysin (PLY) is a key virulence factor contributes to the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study we investigated the effect of allicin and aqueous garlic extracts on hemolytic activity of PLY both in prelysed and intact cells. Additionally the antimicrobial activity of allicin was tested against the bacteria. All tested materials potently inhibited the PLY hemolytic activity. Allicin neutralizes PLY in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Twenty five minute incubation of PLY (2 HU/mL) with 0.61 μM/mL concentration of allicin, totally inhibited hemolytic activity of PLY (IC50 = 0.28 μM/mL). The inhibitory activity of old extract of garlic was similar to pure allicin (IC50 = 50.46 μL/mL; 0.31 μM/mL; P < 0.05). In contrast fresh extract of garlic inhibits the PLY hemolytic activity at lower concentrations (IC50 = 13.96 μL/mL; 0.08 μM/mL allicin). Exposure of intact cells to allicin (1.8 μM) completely inhibited hemolytic activity of PLY inside bacterial cells. The inhibitory effect of the allicin was restored by addition of reducing agent DTT at 5 mM, proposing that allicin likely inhibits the PLY by binding to cysteinyl residue in the binding site. The MIC value of allicin was determined to be 512 μg/mL (3.15 μM/mL). These results indicate that PLY is a novel target for allicin and may provide a new line of investigation on pneumococcal diseases in the future.     

大蒜素对慢性铁过负荷大鼠氧化应激的保护作用

目的探讨大蒜素对慢性铁负荷大鼠抗氧化功能的影响及可能机制。方法36只sD大鼠按体重随机分为6组,即正常对照组（饲喂基础饲料）、慢性铁负荷模型组（饲喂高铁饲料）、正常＋大蒜素40mg／kg组、慢性铁负荷＋大蒜素30、40、60mg／kg组,每组6只。持续饲喂6周后,取血清、肝、结肠和肾组织测定铁含量、总铁结合力、丙二醛（MDA）含量及总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组血清铁、肝和结肠组织铁、MDA含量及肝组织T-SOD活性均显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,血清总铁结合力、结肠组织T-SOD活性均显著降低（P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,各剂量大蒜素组血清、结肠组织铁、肝组织MDA含量及中、高剂量大蒜素组肝组织铁含量均显著降低（P〈0．05）,血清总铁结合力、结肠和肾组织T-SOD活性均显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论大蒜素能增强大鼠机体的抗氧化能力,对铁过负荷所致的氧化应激具有一定的保护作用。