跟腱断裂的治疗进展

跟腱断裂是临床较为常见的损伤,若治疗不当,将影响患者提踵功能。临床上治疗该病的方法较多,主要分为非手术治疗与手术治疗两大类;究竟采用何种方法治疗的效果最佳,目前学术界尚未达成共识。但是,随着外科技术的发展,外科手术治疗该病逐渐占主导地位。本文对跟腱的解剖学特点进行了简单的介绍,并从非手术治疗、手术治疗及细胞因子在跟腱愈合中的作用3个方面对跟腱断裂的治疗进展进行了综述。     

导乐陪伴对分娩的影响

目的探讨导乐陪伴在分娩过程中的效果。方法选择无导乐陪伴分娩产妇110例为对照组,导乐陪伴分娩产妇90例为实验组。比较2组在分娩中焦虑、应对能力、协作满意度、社会因素剖宫产率、自然分娩总产程时间、产后出血量和新生儿Apgar评分。结果实验组分娩过程的焦虑、应对能力、协作满意度、社会因素剖宫产率、自然分娩总产程时间和新生儿Apgar评分均明显优于对照组。结论导乐陪伴是目前临床一种安全、健康、温馨的分娩方式,值得临床推广应用。     

重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)用于诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的有效性和安全性系统评价

目的: 系统评价重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)相较于结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)用于诊断结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染的有效性和安全性。方法: 检索临床指南数据库、生物医学文献数据库、卫生行政部门和行业协会官方网站及不良反应监测官方网站,检索时间均自建库截止到2022年2月。英文检索词:Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein、CFP10/ESAT6;中文检索词:重组结核分枝杆菌融合蛋白、重组结核杆菌融合蛋白、宜卡、CFP10/ESAT6。收集重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)和结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)诊断MTB感染有效性和安全性的指南、共识、团体标准、系统评价和原始研究等。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,根据异质性大小采用Meta分析或描述性分析。结果: 纳入指南2部、专家共识3篇、团体标准2部,均指出重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)和结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)可用于诊断MTB感染和结核病辅助诊断。纳入系统评价1篇,结果显示,重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)皮肤试验共招募参与者887名,其敏感度为86.06%(95%CI:82.39%~89.07%)。纳入原始研究4篇,均为随机对照试验,有效性Meta分析结果显示,不区分人群,重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)和结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)的敏感度(89.3% vs. 90.4%)和阴性似然比(0.177 vs. 0.220)的差异无统计学意义,重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)的特异度(85.5% vs. 47.3%)、诊断比值比(42.238 vs. 8.040)、阳性似然比(6.048 vs. 1.710)、阳性预测值(66.0% vs. 35.1%)、阴性预测值(96.2% vs. 94.0%)优于结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD),差异有统计学意义。安全性结果显示,重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)和结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)不良事件均为局部瘙痒和疼痛,均未发生严重不良事件。结论: 重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)可用于MTB感染诊断、辅助结核病诊断,相较于结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD),其有效性表现更优。     

雷公藤多苷对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠表皮生长因子受体家族表达的影响

目的 观察表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)家族成员EGFR、ErbB-2在胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)大鼠滑膜及软骨中的表达及雷公藤多苷(TWP)对其影响,探讨EGFR、ErbB-2在CIA大鼠发病中的,作用及TWP治疗RA的药理作用机制.方法 建立CIA大鼠模型,分别采用免疫组织化学染色及实时定量聚合酶链反应( PCR)检测EGFR、ErbB-2在滑膜和软骨中的表达.统计学处理采用单因素方差分析.结果 EGFR、ErbB-2的蛋白表达及mRNA水平在CIA模型组滑膜(EGFR 0.268±0.059,ErbB-2 0.25±0.04.EGFR mRNA:14.2±0.55,ErbB-2 mRNA 23.46±3.64)和软骨(EGFR 0.193±0.018,ErbB-2 0.217±0.033,EGFR mRNA:4.16±0.50,ErbB-2 mRNA 9.23±0.66)中明显高于正常组(P＜0.01),在治疗组中表达低于模型组(P＜0.01).结论 初步证明EGFR、ErbB-2参与了CIA的病理过程.TWP治疗RA的机制可能与其降低EGFR、ErbB-2的表达有关.     

补阳还五汤对急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察补阳还五汤对大鼠急性脊髓损伤(ASCI)的治疗作用及其机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为空白组、损伤对照组、补阳还五汤组,各10只。采用Allen’s打击法建立急性脊髓损伤模型,空白组和损伤对照组造模后予蒸馏水1m L灌胃,补阳还五汤组造模后予补阳还五汤1m L灌胃,均1天1次,连续3天。各组分别于术后1、7、14天观察其行为学BBB评分,14天通过免疫组化的方法观察脊髓损伤部位神经细胞凋亡(caspase-3p20、Bcl-2与Bax)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达水平。结果 1行为学观察评分:术后7、14天补阳还五汤组与损伤对照组下肢功能均有恢复(P0.05),且补阳还五汤组较损伤对照组恢复更明显[(9.05±0.95)分比(5.75±1.97)分,(12.6±1.55)分比(8.80±3.34)分,P0.05]。2免疫组化检测:补阳还五汤组caspsase-3p20阳性细胞数表达较损伤对照组少[(16.70±2.21)个比(20.30±4.13)个,P0.05];补阳还五汤组Bcl-2阳性细胞的表达较损伤对照组增加[(10.57±0.97)个比(6.42±3.20)个,P0.05];补阳还五汤组Bax阳性细胞的表达较损伤对照组少[(18.29±2.21)个比(21.14±2.41)个,P0.05];补阳还五汤组VEGF阳性细胞的表达较损伤对照组多[(11.75±1.03)个比(9.50±1.30)个,P0.05]。结论补阳还五汤可提高脊髓损伤部位VEGF的表达,使细胞凋亡明显减少,促进骨髓功能的恢复。     

2003-2012年临床医学全国优秀博士学位论文调查分析

全国优秀博士学位论文体现了人才培养质量及科技创新水平。通过对2003-2012年全部48篇全国优秀博士学位论文(临床医学类)进行计量分析,发现全国优秀博士论文具有集聚和连续等特点。学校、学科、导师是全国优秀博士论文(临床医学类)产出的关键因素。     

古丈县阻断班氏丝虫病传播的研究

古丈县系班氏丝虫病中度流行区。1975年普查全县13个乡158个村,156个村流行丝虫病,血检74533人,平均微丝蚴率6.15％,个别自然村高达25％以上。抽样调查晚期丝虫病患病率1.05％,经反复查治和全民普服海群生药盐,1980年微丝蚴率降到0.21％以下,达到部颁基本消灭丝虫病标准,1982年起即转到后期防治研究和监测。 1 材料与方法 1.1 按照省、州基本消灭丝虫病后期监测技术方案,根据本县丝虫病流行特征制定防治措施。     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.