临沂市改水效果及水源卫生防护状况调查

目的 了解临沂市改水效果及水源的卫生防护状况。方法 对临沂市改水前后水源的卫生防护状况进行了调查,并对自来水水质进行了监测。结果 与改水前比较,水源的卫生防护状况有很大改善;改水后水源水、出厂水、末梢水水质合格率分别为58．33％、67．80％、51．85％。均比改水前明显提高（P＜0．05）。改水后水质的主要超标项目为浑浊度,游度余氯、菌落总数和大肠菌群。结论 改水质自来水水质及水源及的卫生防护状况明显改善,水质主要受生活性污染,应加强对水源的卫生防护。     

小体重先天性心脏病患儿的体外循环管理

目的：回顾我院16例小体重先天性心脏病患儿的体外循环(CPB)状况,总结其灌注技术。方法：对我院1995-1996年的16例小体重先天性心脏病患儿临床资料及CPB情况(人工心肺机类型、预充液组成、CPB操作步骤、CPB时间、升主动脉阻断时间、心肌保护等)做一回顾性总结。结果：16例患儿。年龄5个月。2岁,平均1．2岁;体重4.5-9.5kg,平均8．2kg。CPB时间32-284min(平均92min),升主动脉阻断时间14-121min(平均64min)。冷晶体高钾停搏液经滚压泵自主动脉根部间断灌注较好的保护了心肌。结论：适宜的血液稀释,根据不同疾病选择正确的灌注方法,良好的术中管理及心肌保护,可有效的使小体重先天性心脏病患儿在CPB中平稳过渡,减少术后的并发症和死亡率。     

Single-cell transcriptome atlas reveals protective characteristics of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are promising alternatives to conventional vaccines in many aspects. We previously developed a lipopolyplex (LPP)-based mRNA vaccine (SW0123) that demonstrated robust immunogenicity and strong protective capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in mice and rhesus macaques. However, the immune profiles and mechanisms of pulmonary protection induced by SW0123 remain unclear. Through high-resolution single-cell analysis, we found that SW0123 vaccination effectively suppressed SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages and increasing the frequency of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In addition, the apoptotic process in both lung epithelial and endothelial cells was significantly inhibited, which was proposed to be one major mechanism contributing to vaccine-induced lung protection. Cell−cell interaction in the lung compartment was also altered by vaccination. These data collectively unravel the mechanisms by which the SW0123 protects against lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.     

MgSO_4对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤电生理方面的影响

目的观察大鼠脑缺血－再灌注损伤时ＭｇＳＯ４对皮层脑电图、肢体运动功能及血Ｍｇ２＋浓度的影响。方法 用改良的大脑中动脉线栓法建立大鼠脑缺血－再灌注模型,进行皮层脑电图描记、血清Ｍｇ２＋浓度测定及运动功能 评估。结果　ＭｇＳＯ４能减少扩展性抑制波（ＳＤｓ）产生数（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１０％　ＭｇＳＯ４治疗组疗效优于５％ＭｇＳＯ４组,且早 期给药效果更佳（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＭｇＳＯ４作为兴奋性氨基酸（ＥＥＡｓ）非竞争性Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天门冬氨酸受体（ＮＭＤＡ－ Ｒ）拮抗剂可有效减少ＳＤｓ产生数,对大鼠脑缺血－再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

四氢吖啶类化合物的合成与脑神经保护作用

早老性痴呆（ＡＤ）为一种慢性进行性神经功能衰退性疾病。以他克林为先导物,设计合成了２０个未见文献报道的新化合物,其中目的物１４个。初步药理试验结果表明,所合成狐对谷氨酸诱导的神经细胞损伤有一定的保护作用,其中３ｃ和３ｋ活性较好,抑制率分别为６１．１％和６４．８％。     

持续顺行灌注温血停搏液对心肌的保护作用

研究持续灌注温血停搏液对心肌的保护作用,探讨理想的心肌保护策略,方法６９只猫随机分为对照组、损伤组和保护组。观察测各组不同时间点心功能、心肌细胞膜ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性心肌细胞膜蛋白颗粒的形态变化。结果组Ⅰ各时间点各项指标无明显变化。升主动脉阻断期间,组Ⅱ－ⅢａＫ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均显著下降（ＡＣＣ１５ｍｉｎ ｕｓ ＡＣＣ６０ｍｉｎ,Ｐ〈０．０１）,组ⅡＣａＭｇ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性单位面积心肌细胞膜蛋白颗     

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pathological autopsy practices in Japan

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, autopsies have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The precise effect of this pandemic on autopsy procedures in Japan, especially in instances unrelated to COVID-19, has not yet been established. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey from December 2020 to January 2021 regarding the status of pathological autopsy practices in Japan during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was sent to 678 medical facilities with pathologists, of which 227 responded. In cases where a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 was not made at the time of autopsy, many facilities counted them as suspected COVID-19 cases if pneumonia was suspected clinically. At around half of the sites, autopsies were prohibited for suspected COVID-19 cases. In addition, the number of autopsies of non-COVID-19 cases during the pandemic period was also investigated, and a significant decrease was observed compared with the incidence in the pre-pandemic period. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected not only the autopsies of COVID-19 cases but also the entire practice of pathological autopsies. It is necessary to establish a system that supports the implementation of pathological autopsy practices during the pandemic of an emerging infectious disease.     

Fos protein induction,neuropathology, and pharmacological protection after excitotoxic brain insult

The excitotoxins kainic acid and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) were unilaterally injected in the rat striatum. Kainic acid injections resulted in a widespread pattern of Fos protein induction, mainly involving cortical olfactory structures and hippocampus. Immunoreactive cells were observed in large number 2–24 h after injection and had almost completely disappeared by 48 h. NMDA injections elicited a shorter (2–8 h) expression of Fos protein, involving a lower number of cells in cortical olfactory structures, a much larger number of cells in the other cortical regions, and not involving the hippocampus at all. Characteristically none of the two excitotoxins stimulated Fos expression from striatal neurons, even in the close vicinity of the needle tract. In addition to striatal lesions almost equivalent in size, the two excitotoxins caused distant lesions of different extension: kainic acid resulted in extensive neuronal degeneration in the olfactory-entorhinal cortices and among pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus; NMDA caused a less widespread neurodegeneration, restricted to the olfactory cortex. Administration of the competitive NMDA antagonist CGP 39551 largely prevented the distant, but not the local, neuropathological changes caused by intrastriatal kainic acid or NMDA. The expression of Fos protein, however, was partially prevented only in NMDA cases. The present results show a good relationship between the spreading of circuit overexcitation caused by the two excitotoxins and the regional and temporal patterns of Fos expression. The relationship between Fos expression and neuropathological condition remains, however, elusive.     

干扰素防治狂犬病毒感染的小鼠实验

用小鼠试验干扰素防治狂犬病毒 (CVS)感染的作用 ,结果表明 ,小鼠在感染CVS前 2周开始使用干扰素 ,可获得 5 0 %左右的保护率 ,而在感染CVS后使用干扰素却无保护作用。干扰素与狂犬病疫苗联合使用可获得比两者单独使用更佳的保护效果 ,疫苗效力可提高 5倍以上。 5× 10 3IU剂量组与 5× 10 2 IU剂量组干扰素作用无显著差异。     

尼可地尔超极化心脏停搏心肌保护的实验研究

目的：评估尼可地尔（Ｎｉｃｏｒａｄｉｌ）超极化心脏停搏心肌保护的有效性,并与高钾心肌麻痹液去极化心脏停搏的心肌保护效果进行比较。方法：实验分３组,即对照组、去极化心脏停搏组、超极化心脏停搏组。１０ｍｌ４℃心肌麻痹液诱停离体鼠心,每３０ｍｉｎ重复灌注心肌麻痹液５ｍｌ,在（１５±１）℃下心脏停搏１２０ｍｉｎ,再灌注后离体心工作３０ｍｉｎ。记录心脏机械停搏时间、再灌注后心脏复跳情况、心功能指标恢复（左室发展压、主动脉流量及左室压力微分）、冠状循环灌注平均流量、心肌丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、电镜下心肌超微结构的改变。结果：超极化心脏停搏组对心功能恢复、冠状循环灌注平均流量及心肌组织超微结构的保护效果优于去极化心脏停搏组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,心肌ＭＤＡ含量低于去极化心脏停搏组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：尼可地尔超极化心肌麻痹液（１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）心肌保护效果优于高钾去极化心肌麻痹液