近红外光谱法快速分析注射用盐酸头孢甲肟及其水分的含量

目的建立近红外通用性模型,对注射用盐酸头孢甲肟及其水分进行无损、快速定量分析。方法以不同企业生产的注射用盐酸头孢甲肟为分析对象,用光纤测定近红外漫反射光谱,并通过聚类分析方法确定校正集和预测集,考察不同预处理方法、谱段的影响,选择建立最佳的注射用盐酸头孢甲肟及其水分的定量模型。结果注射用盐酸头孢甲肟定量分析模型由36个校正集样品建立校正模型,17个样品用于外部验证,验证集相关系数为96.33%,校正集均方差为1.19%,验证集均方差为1.66%。注射用盐酸头孢甲肟水分定量分析模型由34个样品校正集样品建立校正模型,19个样品用于外部验证,验证集相关系数为96.39%,校正集均方差为0.22%,验证集均方差为0.26%。结论 2个模型结合可以对注射用盐酸头孢甲肟含量和水分进行快速测定,方法简便,结果准确可靠,适合大量重复性样品的分析测定。     

近红外光谱技术快速测定杞菊地黄丸的水分含量

目的应用近红外光谱技术建立一种杞菊地黄丸(浓缩丸)中水分含量的快速测定方法。方法以甲苯法测定的样品中水分的含量为真实值,运用近红外漫反射光谱技术采集96份杞菊地黄丸(浓缩丸)样品的近红外漫反射光谱,结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立水分含量的定量分析模型。结果所建水分校正模型的相关系数(R2)和内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.988 09和0.0587;经外部验证,模型的预测相关系数(r2)和预测均方差(RMSEP)分别为0.9969和0.075 2。结论该方法操作简便,无污染,结果准确可靠,可用于杞菊地黄丸(浓缩丸)中水分含量的快速测定。     

人工鼻对人工气道患者下呼吸道医院感染扩散拦截作用的研究

目的研究人工鼻对人工气道患者下呼吸道医院感染扩散的拦截作用效果。方法通过使用人工鼻前后医院感染发生率的比较和同一人工鼻不同拦截面的菌株数比较,研究人工鼻对医院感染细菌扩散的拦截作用。结果使用人工鼻前后医院感染发生率和同一人工鼻不同拦截面的菌株数比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论人工鼻对人工气道患者下呼吸道医院感染扩散的拦截作用明显,具有预防医院感染扩散的作用。     

温度对 3 种中药浸膏片包衣工艺参数的影 响简

目的 研究温度对3种中药浸膏片包衣工艺的影响.方法 将素片置恒湿变温环境中,不同时间称定片重,记录、计算吸湿增重,分析吸湿数据;将素片置干燥环境中,其余条件相同情况下,记录、计算减重百分率、绘制减重速率曲线图.结果 冠心平片和健肾片的吸湿速率随温度升高而降低,而保肾片的吸湿速率随温度升高而升高;保肾片和冠心平片在60℃的减重百分率大于50℃的减重百分率,而健肾片的减重百分率在50℃和60℃之间变化不明显.结论 吸湿性参数、干燥速率参数可为包衣工艺参数的制订提供科学数据.     

Semi-Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests of Timber Structure of Various Moisture Contents

The condition of heritage and historic timber constructions depends on how they are exploited. Numerous environmental factors degrade the physical and mechanical properties of timber and hence, affect the load-bearing capacity of constructions. As a result, frequent evaluations of their technical condition become necessary. Currently, modern technologies allow for extensive diagnostics of timber constructions using non-destructive and semi-destructive methods; yet, in contrast to classical laboratory tests, there is insufficient knowledge of the impact of individual factors on the results of such studies. This article presents an assessment of the influence of the moisture content of timber elements on the results of ultrasonic stress wave, sclerometric, and resistance drilling tests. Additionally, computed tomography scans were performed on selected samples to demonstrate the destruction mechanism occurring during the semi-destructive tests. The research involved three types of wood: pine, spruce, and fir of different moisture contents. The results reveal a strong relation between the moisture of timber and all the tests conducted in terms of both hygroscopic and capillary moisture.     

Effects of Loaded End Distance and Moisture Content on the Behavior of Bolted Connections in Squared and Round Timber Subjected to Tension Parallel to the Grain

This article presents the results of static tests on bolted connections in squared and round timber with inserted steel plates. The experiment evaluates structural timber connections with different distances between the fastener and the loaded end at different moisture contents. Specimens were loaded by tension parallel to the grain and load–deformation diagrams were recorded. Fifty-six specimens with three different distances between the fastener and the loaded end, at different moisture contents, were tested. The results were statistically evaluated using regression analysis, complemented with load–deformation curves, and compared with calculations according to the valid standard for design of timber structures. A decrease in the evaluated load-carrying capacity with increasing moisture content was confirmed experimentally. A slight increase in the evaluated load-carrying capacity with increasing fastener distance from the loaded end was found.     

近红外光谱用于甘草中甘草苷、甘草酸及水分测定

目的:运用近红外光谱(NIR)技术检测甘草药材中的甘草苷、甘草酸及水分。方法:采用积分球漫反射扫描近红外光谱,以TQ Analyst软件进行数据分析,建立甘草中甘草苷、甘草酸及水分测定的NIR。结果:甘草苷的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.165,预测集相关系数(Rp)0.986 8;交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)为0.393,校正集相关系数(Rv)0.904 6。甘草酸的RMSEP=0.166,Rp=0.995 5;RMSECV=0.575,Rv=0.954 0。水分的RMSEP=0.137,Rp=0.995 2;RMSECV=0.498,Rv=0.931 9。结论:该方法快速、简便。可以用于甘草中甘草苷、甘草酸及水分的含量测定。     

含水量对川牛膝种子活力的影响及其抗老化机制分析

以川牛膝Cyathula officinalis种子为材料,通过高温高湿法进行人工加速老化,研究9个含水量对川牛膝种子活力的影响,并对不同含水量的抗老化机制进行了分析。研究结果表明,人工老化后,种子活力普遍有所降低;总体而言,含水量6.55%~4.78%的种子活力及抗老化能力相对较强,种子电导率值、POD活性、MDA含量升高幅度均较小,脱氢酶和SOD活性降低幅度亦较小;且在种子含水量5.77%时,未老化种子发芽试验各指标最高,人工老化和未老化的种子POD活性均最低,浸出液电导率较低,脱氢酶、SOD活性均最高,CAT活性亦较高。因此,在对川牛膝种子进行低温种质库保存时,为使其保持较高的活力和抗老化能力,应考虑将含水量降至接近(5.70±1)%。     

小儿清热止咳分散片的填充剂与崩解剂筛选

目的为了制备中药分散片,以小儿清热止咳糖浆方剂为模型药物筛选中药分散片的填充剂和崩解剂。方法以抗张强度、吸湿性和压缩功作为选择填充剂的依据,以吸水性实验、溶胀度实验、空白片崩解时限和加入质量分数为50%浸膏的片剂崩解时限为选择崩解剂的依据。测定发泡量和产气量作为选择泡腾崩解剂的依据。结果综合以抗张强度、吸湿性和压缩功大小,选择乳糖作为分散片的填充剂。溶胀性能优劣顺序是:CMS-Na>L-HPC(信越)>PVPP>MCC101>MCC301>L-HPC(国产)>MCC302>MCC102>滑石粉>干淀粉;吸水性能优劣顺序是:L-HPC(信越)>L-HPC(国产)>CMS-Na>PVPP>MCC302>MCC102>MCC301>MCC101>浸膏;单独使用微晶纤维素或超级崩解剂达不到分散片的质量要求,联用微晶纤维素和超级崩解剂,可以达到分散片质量要求。结论中药分散片的崩解剂可以采用超级崩解剂和微晶纤维素的混合物,泡腾崩解剂选用酒石酸和碳酸氢钠,其摩尔比为1.0∶0.8。