含水量对膏滋成品保存期限的影响

目的:考察含水量对膏滋成品质量的影响.方法:按传统浓缩、收膏工艺加工生产膏滋成品,测定含水量,根据2010年版《中国药典》附录XⅢC微生物限度检查方法考察不同含水量对膏方微生物学的影响.结果:含水量对膏滋成品的微生物学影响显著,随含水量的增加,产生菌落,膏滋的稳定性降低.结论:通过严格控制膏滋的含水量,可有效地避免膏滋变硬、霉变等现象,保证膏滋成品质量同时延长保存期限.     

正交试验法优选黄连浸膏的喷雾干燥工艺

目的:优选黄连浸膏的喷雾干燥工艺。方法:采用L9(34)正交设计法,以喷干粉出粉量、小檗碱含量和含水量为指标,考察进风口温度、出风口温度、浸膏比重对黄连浸膏喷雾干燥工艺的影响。结果:优选的喷雾干燥工艺为进风口温度180℃,出风口温度80℃,浸膏比重1.15。结论:该优选工艺合理、稳定,可为黄连的工业化生产提供实验依据。     

甜叶菊质量标准

目的： 建立甜叶菊的检查、定性鉴别及含量测定方法,为其质量控制提供科学依据。 方法： 按照中国药典委员会对中药质量标准的技术要求,对甜叶菊进行了性状、显微及薄层色谱鉴别,并对杂质、水分、总灰分、醇浸出物及指标成分（甜菊苷及莱鲍迪苷A）含量进行测定。 结果： 性状、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别及含量测定方法重复性好,专属性强;根据24批甜叶菊分析结果,拟定甜叶菊杂质不得过4%,水分不得过11%,总灰分不得过9%,醇浸出物不得低于41%,甜菊苷含量不得低于2%,莱鲍迪苷A含量不得低于3%。 结论： 建立的检查、定性鉴别及含量测定方法,能有效控制甜叶菊的质量。     

正交实验法优选肿痛消颗粒的成型工艺

目的：通过正交实验优选肿痛消颗粒的成型工艺。方法：以吸湿率为指标考察所用辅料的种类及配比;以吸湿率和成型率指标优选肿痛消颗粒的最佳成型工艺条件,并考察该颗粒的休止角、吸湿率。结果：辅料蔗糖粉/糊精以2∶1为最好;浸膏与辅料的混匀比例为1∶1,润湿剂体积分数为60%,干燥温度为60℃,依此制得的颗粒流动性好。结论：本成型工艺合理、可行,可为该颗粒的大量生产提供科学依据。     

Cost of land management for amenity in multiple use policies

Multiple use policies seem easy to promote but hard to define. Tree cover on grazing properties can provide amenity to the community but may affect the grazing potential of the land. Increases in tree cover may enhance amenity but lower the land value. In this case then, a socially-desirable balance of grazing and amenity is a desirable multiple use policy. This problem is analysed by (a) establishing the relationship between land value and land characteristics, including tree cover, (b) defining amenity scores and relating them to the same land characteristics, (c) relating the amenity score to land value through the characteristics and so costing amenity increases and (d) discussing possible government policies to enhance the amenity of these woodlands. The empirical analysis is set in northern New South Wales.     

Cold plasma is well‐tolerated and does not disturb skin barrier or reduce skin moisture

Background: Cold plasma, a new treatment principle in dermatology based on ionic discharge delivering reactive molecular species and UV‐light, exhibits strong antimicrobial efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Before implementing plasma as new medical treatment tool, its safety must be proven, as well as assessing skin tolerance and patient acceptance. Patients and Methods: We investigated the plasma effects of three different plasma sources (pulsed, non‐pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)) on the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin moisture after treating the fingertips of four healthy male volunteers. Results: TEWL values were reduced by pulsed APPJ and DBD by about 20% but increased after non‐pulsed APPJ by 5–20%. TEWL values normalized 30 min after all forms of plasma treatment. Skin moisture was increased immediately and 30 min after treatment with pulsed APPJ but was not affected by non‐pulsed APPJ and DBD. Conclusions: All plasma treatments were well‐tolerated and did not damage the skin barrier nor cause skin dryness. Cold plasma fulfils basic recommendations for safe use on human skin and as future option may serve as the first physical skin antiseptic.     

数学模型参数在中成药固体制剂防潮中的应用

吸湿是导致中成药固体制剂质量和疗效不稳定主要原因之一,而中药成分的性质、提取纯化工艺、处方组成、包装和贮藏条件是造成中成药固体制剂吸潮的主要因素。本文应用数学模型参数总结现有的防潮技术,为中成药固体制剂防潮提供依据。     

用时域反射法对杞菊地黄丸干燥过程在线水分测定及干燥工艺优化

目的以杞菊地黄丸为研究对象,采用时域反射法实时测定浓缩丸干燥过程中水分含量及对干燥工艺进行参数优化。方法通过水分、温度以及时域反射计反射信号值之间的关系建立杞菊地黄丸干燥过程水分模型;以马钱苷和丹皮酚的干燥前后转移率为评价指标,结合干燥总用时、杞菊地黄丸的外观形态,综合考察药丸不同厚度(8、16、24 mm)、不同干燥温度(30、40、50、60、70、80、90℃)对干燥工艺的影响并对变温参数进行分析、验证。结果采用时域反射法测试杞菊地黄丸干燥过程水分模型为Y=0.305 X-34.772,r~2=0.999;X=X(T)-(0.768 9 T-24.824 7)(T≥30℃);优化后工艺为以60℃干燥至水分为13.8%后升温到80℃后继续干燥至7.80%后降温至60℃干燥到目标水分5.0%。结论时域反射法实时测试杞菊地黄丸干燥过程中水分的含量是可行的,该方法可尝试在中药浓缩丸干燥过程中水分监测推广应用,而且该方法可应用于中药浓缩丸干燥工艺优化,使干燥过程变得节能省时,使干燥产品质量可控。     

Determination of moisture,total lipid,and bound lipid contents in oats using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance

In this study, we aimed to establish a novel method for determining moisture and lipid contents in oats using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). The applicabilities of the internal and external standard methods for determining oat moisture were compared. To determine oat lipids, calibration curves were established using the external standard method, and then the LF-NMR method and the conventional method were compared. The independent peaks of T₂₁ (0.01–3.0 ms) and T₂₂ (9.01–410.27 ms) in the T₂ spectral curves of oat flour represented water and lipid, respectively. Analysis of moisture content with the internal standard method was more accurate than with the external standard method, which uses 3 % MnCl₂•4H₂O as a standard. The area of T₂₁ peak and T₂₂ peak has a good linear correlation with the mass of water weight and lipid weight, respectively. The results of the LF-NMR method were consistent with the results of the oven method (for moisture content) and the Bligh method (for total lipid content). Moreover, the endosperm was found to contain 0.58–1.36 % of the bound lipid, which was slightly lower than the value for the oat bran.