Intraductal shock-wave lithotripsy in complicated common bile duct stones

Summary Intracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was performed in 36 patients with problematic common bile duct stones. All of the patients had undergone unsuccessful mechanical lithotripsy prior to this procedure. In 29 patients (80.6%), the stones were fragmented under cholangioscopic control and subsequently extracted with a Dormia basket. In seven patients, the procedure failed due to stone impaction or failure to intubate the common bile duct with a nasobiliary tube. No complications were observed. Cholangioscopically guided intracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is a highly effective and safe procedure for the conservative treatment of complicated common bile duct stones.Abbreviations ESWL extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy - ISWL intracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy Dedicated to Prof. Dr. med. Ludwig Demling on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

原发性胆囊癌CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨原发性胆囊癌的CT诊断与鉴别诊断要点。方法 回顾性分析23例原发性胆囊癌CT征象，并与手术和病理对照。结果 本组23例胆囊癌术前CT正确诊断18例，5例误诊，根据CT表现可分为：腔内型8例、厚壁型5例、肿块型10例；其中共8例并肝门和腹膜后淋巴结转移；3例肝内转移；病理结果：腺癌20例，鳞癌3例。结论 原发性胆囊癌CT的诊断价值较高，但仍容易误诊，早期的诊断仍有一定困难，掌握其CT征象，注意鉴别诊断可以提高本病的诊断水平。     

Steinfeld syndrome: Report of a second family and further delineation of a rare autosomal dominant disorder

We report on a fetus with alobar holoprosencephaly, microphthalmia, midline cleft lip and palate, absent nose, dysplastic ears, radial defects, pentalogy of Fallot, unilateral renal aplasia, absent gallbladder, vertebral anomalies, and absence of ribs. The father had a cleft palate, bilateral colobomas of the iris and retina, a bifid uvula, vertebral anomalies, and unilateral congential hearing loss. His sister had a cleft lip. On the basis of this family and the family reported by Steinfeld [1982], this malformation syndrome can be defined as a rare autosomal dominant syndrome whose main component manifestations are holoprosencephaly, predominantly radial limb deficiency, heart defects, kidney malformations, absence of gallbladder, and vertebral anomalies. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除362例分析

目的：提高腹腔镜胆囊切除愈率减少术后并发症的发生。方法：回顾分析1997年4月至2000年11月我院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除362例。结果：术后1－6d出院,平均2.3d;中转开腹手术9例,占2.48%;胆总管损作伤2例,占0.55%;术后并发症6例,占1.6%;其中胆漏3例,胆总管残余结石3例。结论：术中融损伤与术后并发症的发生和腹腔镜的局限性、特殊性与手术操作技巧有关。     

中国胆囊癌外科治疗现状与病理学特征多中心回顾性研究（附4345例报告）

目的 探讨中国胆囊癌病人的外科治疗模式、病理学特征和预后。方法 收集中国13个省市的26家医院自2010年1月至2017年12月收治的4345例胆囊癌病人临床资料,分析中国胆囊癌病人的地区、性别、年龄分布;基于病人的诊疗记录与检查结果对手术病人肿瘤的可切除性进行评估,分析可切除性肿瘤病人的外科治疗模式,参照术前检查、手术记录和术后病理学检查结果评估可切除性肿瘤手术治疗是否达到根治标准,分析行根治性手术胆囊癌病人的病理学特征。结果 4345例胆囊癌病人中,男性1664例（38.23%）,女性2681例（61.77%）。行外科手术治疗的病人3129例（71.01%）,其中可切除性肿瘤2074例（66.28%）。在可切除性肿瘤2074例病人中,仅1133例（54.63%）在术前即诊断为胆囊恶性肿瘤,1002例（48.31%）行根治性切除,1072例（51.69%）未达根治标准。胆囊癌根治性切除病人的病理学检查结果中,736例（73.45%）为腺癌,348例（34.73%）为低分化癌,376例（37.52%）伴肝侵犯,152例（15.17%）伴神经浸润,96例（9.58%）伴血管内癌栓,78例（7.78%）伴周围脂肪组织浸润,89例（8.88%）伴周围器官受累,328例（32.73%）活体组织病理学检查淋巴结阳性。获得生存随访资料的2357例手术治疗病人术后中位生存期为16.17个月,多因素Cox回归生存分析结果显示肿瘤TNM分期（P<0.001）、肿瘤分化程度（P<0.001）、肝脏侵犯（P<0.001）、R0切除（P=0.003）均为术后生存期的独立预后因素。结论 中国胆囊癌术前诊断率有待提高;胆囊癌外科治疗模式亟待规范;病理学检查报告中反映的多个因素与胆囊癌病人预后密切相关,其描述的规范化对指导胆囊癌病人的精准治疗有重要意义。     

基于TNM分期的胆囊癌手术治疗

选择合适的手术方式使病人获得良好预后是目前胆囊癌外科治疗的重要研究方向。具体手术方式应根据胆囊癌分期而定,目前国内外最常用的是TNM分期。对于Tis、T1a 期胆囊癌病人行单纯胆囊切除术即可达到治愈目的,T1b、T2、T3、T4N0-1M0期胆囊癌病人可根据术中评估结果采取根治切除术或扩大根治切除术,从而达到R0切除。M1期病人行扩大根治切除手术意义已不大,可采取姑息手术治疗,以改善病人生活质量为目标。     

残余胆囊结石6例诊治分析

目的 探讨残余胆囊结石的原因、诊治及预防。方法 回顾性分析绍兴市人民医院2016年10月至2019年12月收治的6例残余胆囊结石患者的临床诊治经过,分析其发生原因,探讨诊治方法及预防措施。结果 6例残余胆囊结石患者中,2例行腹部B超检查,其中1例证实为残余胆囊结石;所有患者行腹部增强CT检查,均证实为残余胆囊结石;3例患者行MRCP检查,其中2例确诊,1例未发现明显异常。6例残余胆囊结石患者中,2例行腹腔镜残余胆囊切除术,2例行腹腔镜中转开腹残余胆囊切除加胆总管探查T管引流术,1例行腹腔镜中转开腹残余胆囊切除术,1例拒绝手术治疗。5例手术患者均治愈出院,随访4～43个月,平均（19.8±14.7）个月,无结石复发情况。结论 增强CT在残余胆囊结石的诊断中具有重要价值。腹腔镜手术可作为首选的治疗方法。残余胆囊结石是多因素共同作用的结果,合理的手术方案,必要的手术技巧,良好的手术心态,及时中转开腹的意识对预防残余胆囊结石发生尤为重要。     

加味薏苡附子败酱散对复杂性肛瘘患者术后的疗效观察

目的:探讨加味薏苡附子败酱散联合常规换药在复杂性肛瘘术后患者中的疗效观察及对视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分的影响。方法:选择复杂性肛瘘患者106例作为对象,电脑抽取随机数法分为两组,各53例。两组均采用手术治疗,对照组术后常规换药干预,观察组在对照组基础上联合加味薏苡附子败酱散干预,术后14 d对患者效果进行评估,并完成6个月随访,比较两组术后肛门功能、VAS评分、术后创面愈合评分及术后并发症、复发率。结果:观察组术后14 d排便干燥(0.68±0.14)分、不自主气体(0.70±0.16)分、需要衬垫(0.69±0.15)分、生活方式(0.72±0.18)分及稀便评分(0.63±0.12)分均低于对照组[排便干燥(1.69±0.45)分、不自主气体(2.10±0.46)分、需要衬垫(1.84±0.42)分、生活方式(1.67±0.36)分及稀便评分(2.16±0.39)分,差异有统计学意义(t=7.591、5.434、6.316、6.019、5.693,P0.001);观察组手术后14 d VAS评分(1.15±0.32)分、渗液(0.56±0.09)分及肉芽生长评分(1.72±0.16)分均低于对照组[VAS评分(3.24±0.41)分、渗液(1.69±0.11)分及肉芽生长评分(2.15±0.23)分],差异有统计学意义(t=7.493、5.671、6.434,P0.001);两组术后尿潴留、切口感染及肛门失禁发生率、术后1、3个月复发率差异均无统计意义(χ~2=0.343、1.101、1.039、1.101、0.343,P=0.558、0.315、0.308、0.315、0.558);观察组术后6个月复发率低于对照组(χ~2=4.970,P=0.026)。结论:加味薏苡附子败酱散联合常规换药用于复杂性肛瘘术后患者能提高患者肛门功能,减轻疼痛,能促进创面愈合,可降低术后复发率,且未增加手术并发症发生率。     

Surgical resection for non-Asian intrahepatic lithiasis: The Brazilian experience

BackgroundIntrahepatic lithiasis (IHL) is a rare disease in the western world. Complications associated with IHL include acute cholangitis, liver atrophy, secondary biliary cirrhosis, and risk for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Liver resection is considered the treatment of choice for IHL. The objective of this study was to analyze patients who underwent liver resection for non-Asian hepatolithiasis.Methods127 patients with symptomatic non-Asian hepatolithiasis underwent resection in six institutions. Demographic data, clinical presentation, diagnosis, classification according to stone location, presence of atrophy, bile duct stricture, biliary cirrhosis, incidence of cholangiocarcinoma, treatment and postoperative course were evaluated.Results52 patients (40.9%) were male and the mean age was 46.1 years. Sixty-six patients (51.9%) presented with history of cholangitis. Stones were located in the left lobe in 63 (49.6%), and right lobe in 28 patients (22.0%). Atrophy was observed in 31 patients (24.4%) and biliary stenosis in 18 patients (14.1%). The most common procedure performed was left lateral sectionectomy in 63 (49.6%) patients, followed by left hepatectomy in 36 (28.3%), right hepatectomy in 19 (15.0%), and associated hepaticojejunostomy in 28 (22.0%). Forty-two patients (33.0%) presented postoperative complications and the most common were biliary fistula (13.3%) and surgical site infection (7.0%). Postoperative mortality was 0.7%. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was observed in 2 patients (1.5%). Recurrence was identified in 10 patients (7.8%), mostly with bilateral stones and/or hepaticojejunostomy.ConclusionLiver resection is the standard treatment for symptomatic unilateral or complicated IHL with good operative results. Risk of cholangiocarcinoma was low in non-Asian patients.     

Risk factors to discriminate neoplastic polypoid lesions of gallbladder: A large-scale case-series study

BackgroundPolypoid lesion of gallbladder (PLG) size larger than 10 mm is considered to be one of the surgical indications, but the final pathological results are mostly non-neoplastic polyps. The aim of the study was to define the risk factors to discriminate neoplastic PLG and create more precise criteria for surgical indications.MethodsA large scale, case-series study based on 2704 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for PLG was designed. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was adopted to identify risk factors and the optimal size criteria for predicting neoplastic PLG.ResultsPatients in the neoplastic group were significantly older than those in the non-neoplastic group and the average PLG size is much larger in the neoplastic group (18.5 ± 4.7 mm vs 12.6 ± 3.6 mm). Neoplastic PLGs are prone to be single and non-neoplastic polyps are usually multiple. On Multivariate logistic regression analysis, PLG size larger than 15 mm and age older than 43 years were found to be the independent risk factors to discriminate neoplastic PLG （Odds ratio 3.546 and 2.77 respectively）. The ROC curve showed that 12 mm might be the more reasonable PLG size threshold for the surgical suggestion.ConclusionsConsidering its moderate diagnostic accuracy, the size of gallbladder polyp larger than 10 mm is insufficient to indicate surgical therapy for PLG and 12 mm should be the more optimal polyp's size threshold. Patients older than 43 years have a higher risk of having neoplastic polyps.