实时三维超声心动图评价房间隔缺损大小的临床应用价值

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图测量房间隔缺损大小的临床应用价值. 方法 应用Philips Soncs-7500型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对30例房间隔缺损患者进行常规超声心动图及实时三维超声心动图检查,利用Q-Lab5.0三维数据工作站对缺损大小进行测量,三维超声测量值与二维超声测量值及手术结果 对照. 结果 实时三维超声成像以多种视角观察房间隔缺损的全貌并可对缺损进行三维测量,同二维超声所测最大径相比,三维超声测量结果 与手术结果 具有更好的相关性(r=0.98,r=0.70). 结论 实时三维超声可显示房间隔缺损的整体形态,并可对缺损大小进行准确的定量分析,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

Evaluation of Myocardial Viability after Myocardial Infarction with Intravenous Real-time Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

The myocardial viability after myocardial infarction was evaluated by intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography. Intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed on 18 patients with myocardial infarction before coronary revascularization. Follow-up echocardiography was performed 3 months after coronary revascularization. Segmental wall motion was assessed using 18-segment LV model and classified as normal, hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. Viable myocardium was defined by evident improvement of segmental wall motion 3 months after coronary revascularization. Myocardial perfusion was assessed by visual interpretation and divided into 3 conditions： homogeneous opacification; partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect; contrast defect. The former two conditions were used as the standard to define the viable myocardium. The results showed that 109 abnormal wall motion segments were detected among 18 patients with myocardial infarction, including 47 segments of hypokinesis, 56 segments of akinesis and 6 segments of dyskinesis. The wall motion of 2 segments with hypokinesis before coronary revascularization which showed homogeneous opacification, 14 of 24 segments with hypokinese and 20 of 24 segments with akinese before coronary revascularization which showed partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect was improved 3 months after coronary revascularization. In our study, the sensitivity and specificity of evaluation of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction by intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography were 94.7% and 78.9%, respectively. It was concluded that intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography could accurately evaluate myocardial viability after myocardial infarction.     

实时三维超声心动图评价房间隔缺损不同手术方式的右室收缩功能变化

目的 应用实时三维超声心动图(real-time three dimensional echocardiography, RT-3DE)研究房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect, ASD)不同手术方式右室收缩功能的变化.方法 ASD患者按照不同手术方式分为外科手术组和封堵组;常规二维超声心动图检查后,使用RT-3DE采集患者的右室全容积数据库,分析右室舒张末容量(right ventricular end diastolic volume, RVEDV)和收缩末容量(right ventricular end systolic volume, RVESV)、计算右室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction, RVEF).比较术前、术后7 d、术后3个月的RVEDV、RVESV、RVEF值变化.结果 术后7 d,封堵组右室RVEDV、RVESV均较术前明显减小(P＜0.05),RVEF值与术前无显著差异;外科手术组右室RVEDV较术前明显减小(P＜0.05),但RVESV较术前无统计学差异,并且EF值较术前减低(P＜0.05).术后3个月两组的RVEF值均较术前明显增高(P＜0.05).结论 RT-3DE能简便、准确地确定右室容积并计算右室收缩功能;ASD患者外科手术组术后早期右室收缩功能较术前减低, 术后3个月恢复到正常水平,封堵组术后初期EF值即达正常水平.     

Non-invasive cardiac output monitoring by aortic blood flow measurement with the Dynemo 3000

The operating principles and methods for the continuous determination of aortic blood flow (ABF) with the Dynemo 3000 system are described in detail. The system uses a novel transesophageal ultrasonic Echo-Doppler probe simultaneously to measure aortic diameter and blood flow velocity at the same anatomic level, in real-time. Non-invasive ABF measurement is combined with vital sign data from standard monitors to provide a composite hemodynamicprofile including volume, after load and contractility data used by the physician to optimize therapy. A review of the clinical validation and comparison to thermo dilution measurements showing a significant positive correlation over a wide range of clinical flow situations is also briefly presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evaluation of ventricular septal defect repair using intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography: frequency and significance of residual defects in infants and children

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) is commonly used to assess for residual defect and the need to return to bypass after repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD). The frequency and significance of residual septal defects as noted on IOTEE has not been well defined. We evaluated the frequency of residual VSD via IOTEE and the relationship between size of a residual VSD and rate of reoperation. In addition, we looked at the relationship between the presence of a residual VSD via IOTEE and the presence of residual VSD at follow-up transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Residual VSD was measured via the largest width of the Doppler color jet diameter originating at the left ventricular septal surface. Of the 294 patients evaluated with IOTEE after VSD repair, one-third had a residual defect by IOTEE Doppler color flow mapping. Two-thirds of these defects closed spontaneously on TTE by the time of hospital discharge. There was no difference in frequency of residual VSD between simple (VSD closure alone, n = 90) and complex (VSD with associated lesions, n = 204) repair. Return to bypass with immediate reoperation was undertaken in nine patients, all of whom had significant shunt via oximetry (Qp/Qs > 1.5:1.0). All had residual VSD color jet diameters > 3 mm. Seven patients had residual color jet equal to 3 mm; however, hemodynamic studies did not reveal a significant shunt and none of these had reoperation. Seven patients with no VSD or < 3 mm residual VSD via had late reoperation to close residual VSD at 4 days to 5 months after initial operation. These were due to patch dehiscence or development of an "intramural" VSD in patients with conotruncal anomaly. A residual defect on IOTEE color Doppler measuring > or = 4 mm predicts the need for immediate reoperation, while a 3 mm defect may be significant and requires additional intraoperative hemodynamic evaluation. The majority of small defects noted on IOTEE are not present at discharge TTE. Patients with conotruncal defect repair should be followed closely for development of late significant "intramural" defects.     

脉冲多普勒组织成像评价冠心病患者左室舒张功能

 【目的】探讨脉冲多普勒组织成像（DTI）评价冠心病患者左室舒张功能异常的价值,以及舒张早期二尖瓣血流与瓣环运动峰值速度的比值（E/Em）在评价左室舒张功能异常中的意义。【方法】冠心病心绞痛组16例、心肌梗死组34例,对照组16例。常规测定二尖瓣血流频谱。脉冲DTI记录二尖瓣环侧壁、间隔、前壁和下壁的运动频谱,测量舒张早、晚期峰值运动速度及其比值,计算4个位点的均值,分别以Em、Am、Em/Am表示,并计算E/Em比值。【结果】心绞痛组和心肌梗死组Em、Em/Am较对照组显著降低,分别为12.3±1.6、10.7±1.8vs16.7±1.8和0.8±0.2、0.7±0.2vs1.2±0.2,均为P〈0.01;心肌梗死组Em较心绞痛组更低,10.7±1.8vs12.3±1.6,P〈0.01。心肌梗死组较对照组和心绞痛组E/Em显著增大,7.3±2.1vs5.5±1.4、5.9±1.5,P〈0.01、P〈0.05。【结论】脉冲DTI所测Em、Em/Am可反映冠心病患者左室舒张功能异常,E/Em有助于鉴别二尖瓣血流频谱假性正常化。     

胎儿超声心动图技术及临床应用进展

心脏结构异常是临床最常见的胎儿先天性畸形，主要包括胎儿心血管结构异常、胎儿心律失常及胎儿心力衰竭。胎儿超声心动图作为一种无创影像学方法，对于产前富内诊断胎儿心脏血管异常具有良好的效果。近年来．随着一系列高分辨率、高帧频彩色多普勒超声心动图新技术的研制及临床应用，在妊娠期尽早、及时确诊胎儿先天性心脏病和心律失常。准确评估心功能，对胎儿的优生优育具有重要意义。本文将对此方面的进展进行综述。     

室间隔缺损封堵术对心脏重构近、中期的影响

目的:应用超声心动图评价室间隔缺损封堵术后心脏结构与大小的近、中期变化.方法:观察30例室间隔缺损患者封堵术前、术后第3天,术后3个月和术后6个月左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左房内径(LAd)和右室内径(RVd)大小及变化.结果:封堵术后第3天,LVEDD与LVEDV较术前缩小,术后3个月、术后6个月随访时,LVEDD与LVEDV进一步缩小.封堵术后3个月、术后6个月,LAd较术前缩小,术后6个月与术后3个月比较无明显变化.术后第3天RVd较术前增大,术后3个月、术后6个月与术前比较无明显差异.结论:经导管室间隔缺损封堵术能有效改善室间隔缺损患者近、中期心脏重构.     

重建心阻抗图与超声心动图测量左室射血分数的对比研究

目的 验证重建心阻抗图测量左室射血分数(LEF)的可靠性. 方法 选择住院病人67例,在4 h内分别用重建心阻抗图和超声心动图测定LEF值,并对两种方法的测量结果进行相关性统计分析. 结果 重建心阻抗图测得的LEF为(57.1±11.8)%,超声心动图为(57.8±12.8)%,两法的均值无显著性差异(P＞0.05),相关系数r=0.82(P＜0.001),回归方程为Y = 0.89X 7.1(P＜0.001). 结论 重建心阻抗图测得的左室射血分数是可靠的,可以用于评估左室心功能.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断法乐四联症与手术结果对比的价值分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDE)诊断法乐四联症(TOF)与手术结果对比性的研究。方法:47例TOF患者应用CDE超声超声心动图检查结果与手术或心导管造影检查比较。结果:CDE对TOF诊断符合率为95.7%,可很好的显示TOF的四种畸形:室间隔缺损的位置大小、主动脉骑跨率、右室壁肥厚、肺动脉狭窄程度、肺动脉及其分支发育情况,与手术结果呈正相关(P<0.01),但CDE测量室缺大小及主动脉骑跨率略低估。超声计算的左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDV)可反映左室发育情况,超声测量的降主动脉内径与左右肺动脉内径之和的比值[(RPA+LPA)/DAO],与心导管造影检查的McGoon比有良好的相关性。结论:CDE检查TOF具有较高的准确性,可以作为手术方式的重要参考值。