Associations of Dietary Patterns with Incident Depression: The Maastricht Study

Our aim was to assess the association between a priori defined dietary patterns and incident depressive symptoms. We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (n = 2646, mean (SD) age 59.9 (8.0) years, 49.5% women; 15,188 person-years of follow-up). Level of adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD), Mediterranean Diet, and Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) were derived from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and annually over seven-year-follow-up (using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. One standard deviation (SD) higher adherence in the DHD and DASH was associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) of depressive symptoms with HRs (95%CI) of 0.78 (0.69–0.89) and 0.87 (0.77–0.98), respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. After further adjustment for lifestyle factors, the HR per one SD higher DHD was 0.83 (0.73–0.96), whereas adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets was not associated with incident depressive symptoms. Higher adherence to the DHD lowered risk of incident depressive symptoms. Adherence to healthy diet could be an effective non-pharmacological preventive measure to reduce the incidence of depression.     

聚合酶链反应检验法在阴道炎患者阴道细菌检查中的应用价值

目的探讨聚合酶链反应检验法在阴道炎患者阴道细菌检查中的应用价值。方法选取2019年6月~2020年6月于我院行细菌检查的58例阴道炎患者为研究对象,所有患者均采用阴道分泌物细菌培养、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检验,比较两种检验方法阳性检出率。结果PCR检验阳性检出率(89.66%)高于细菌培养法(70.69%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PCR检验法应于阴道炎患者阴道细菌检查中,阳性检出率高,可为阴道炎的诊断及治疗提供较准确的科学依据,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Limited Association between the Total Healthy Eating Index-2015 Score and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Long-Standing Spinal Cord Injury: An Exploratory Study: An Exploratory Study

BackgroundThe healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) reflects diet quality in reference to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Little is known regarding its application in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between diet quality as assessed by the HEI-2015 and cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with chronic SCI.DesignThis is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from August 2017 through November 2019 for an interventional study that evaluates the effects of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with chronic SCI at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.Participants/settingTwenty-four free-living adults with SCI (mean age, 45 ± 12 y; 8F/16M, level of injury: nine cervical, 15 thoracic; mean duration of injury: 20 ± 13 y) were included.Main outcome measuresParticipants underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan. Dietary intake was assessed by three, 24-hour multiple-pass dietary recalls to calculate the HEI-2015 using the simple HEI scoring algorithm method.Data analysisMultiple linear regression analyses were performed to predict indices of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis and C-reactive protein (CRP) from the HEI-2015. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the number of covariates (level of injury, sex, and body fat percentage).ResultsOn average, participants’ diets were of low quality (HEI-2015, 47.2 ± 10.8). The regression models for fasting glucose (FG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and CRP had moderate to large effect sizes (adjusted R² ≥ 13%), suggesting good explanatory abilities of the predictors. Small or limited effect sizes were observed for glucose tolerance, fasting insulin, triglycerides, and Matsuda index (adjusted R² < 13%). The HEI-2015 accounted for a moderate amount of variation in FG (partial omega-squared, ω_P² = 13%). Each 10-point HEI-2015 score increase was associated with a 3.3-mg/dL decrease in FG concentrations. The HEI-2015 accounted for a limited amount of variation in other indices (ω_P² < 5%).ConclusionsAmong participants with SCI, higher conformance to the 2015-2020 DGA was 1) moderately associated with better FG homeostasis; and 2) trivially associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. Because of the small sample size, these conclusions cannot be extrapolated beyond the study sample. Future larger studies are warranted to better understand the relationship between diet quality and cardiovascular disease risks in this population.     

A relational approach to evaluate food environments finds that the proximate food environment matters for those who use it

Using a relational approach, this study investigates whether shopping close to home moderates the relationship between the proximate food environment and diet. To address this question, we develop the proximate food retail quality (PFRQ) score, an inverse-distance weighted measure of all food retailers within a resident's neighborhood that incorporates audit data of each food retailer. This study relies on data collected through 24-h dietary recalls and psychosocial surveys administered to 449 adults in two socioeconomically matched neighborhoods. Food retailer audits collected data on the availability, price, and quality of healthful foods. Seventy-one percent of study participants report conducting at least 50% of their food shopping within approximately one mile of their home. Household income and education are associated with likelihood to shop close to home, while access to a personal vehicle is not. Finally, results suggest that, for residents who shop primarily close to home, a one unit increase in proximate food retail environment score is associated with a 17.2-point increase in HEI-2010 score, a measure of overall diet quality that ranges from zero to 100. This study suggests that the food environment matters for those who use it and that a low-quality proximate food environment can amplify individual disadvantage.     

天津市企事业单位职工检后服务支付意愿及影响因素研究

目的 分析天津市企事业单位职工检后服务支付意愿及影响因素,为健康体检产业发展及政策制定提供实证依据。方法 于2018年12月至2019年5月利用简单随机抽样方法,通过问卷调查和条件价值询价法收集天津市企事业单位职工相关资料信息及支付意愿,利用Cox回归模型进行影响因素分析。结果 共有效调查221名天津市企事业单位职工,平均年龄（32.9±0.6）岁,男性居多（占56.1%）,支付意愿中位数为350（300,400）元。硕士及以上学历（HR=0.261,95%CI：0.079~0.861）、个人付费（HR=0.365,95%CI：0.151~0.946）、既往满意度非常满意（HR=6.07e^-17,95%CI：5.14e^-18~7.17e^-16）、既往满意度一般（HR=0.219,95%CI：0.057~0.845）的职工不愿意支付的可能性低;对检后服务了解一般（HR=2.949,95%CI：1.249~6.964）与不了解（HR=2.416,95%CI：1.068~5.745）、归属感一般（HR=3.410,95%CI：1.392~8.357）与归属感弱（HR=18.168,95%CI：3.911~84.408）的职工不愿意支付的可能性高（P<0.05）。结论 天津市企事业单位职工检后服务支付意愿较高,文化程度、检后服务了解状况、付费方式、既往满意程度和职工归属感是影响支付意愿的重要因素。     

张家界市76例新型冠状病毒Delta变异株感染病例的临床特征

 目的 分析新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2） Delta变异株感染病例的临床特征,为Delta感染病例的防治提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年7—8月湖南师范大学附属张家界医院收治的76例SARS-CoV-2变异株Delta感染病例的临床特征。结果 本次疫情涉及17个家庭,8个工作环境和场地中的76例感染者,平均年龄为（34.7±18.1）岁,高发于15~49岁人群。无症状感染者4例（5.26%）,轻型17例（22.37%）,普通型50例（65.79%）,重型4例（5.26%）,危重型1例（1.32%）;76例Delta感染者中SARS-CoV-2核酸最低Ct值N值17.5,Lab值16.25,平均SARS-CoV-2核酸持续阳性时间为34.5 d,其中23例出院7 d后再次出现SARS-CoV-2核酸Ct值阳性。主要临床表现为发热和咳嗽。感染早期98.68%的患者血常规中白细胞计数正常或降低,11.84%患者天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）/丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）出现轻度升高,少数患者肌酐和心肌酶出现异常;血沉（ESR）、降钙素原（PCT）和C反应蛋白（CRP）升高的比率分别为58.21%、5.26%和31.58%。其中55例（73.37%）出现肺部病变,以沿胸膜下分布的磨玻璃样影改变为主要影像学特点,部分病例合并胸腔积液和实变。结论 Delta感染者体内病毒载量高,核酸转阴时间长,主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽,早期可伴AST/ALT升高。     

自动屏气控制器在CT冠状动脉造影检查中的设计与应用

目的:设计一种自动屏气控制器,并评价其在CT冠状动脉造影检查中的应用效果。方法:前瞻性抽取在医院拟行CT冠状动脉检查的242例患者,采用随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组121例。在冠状动脉造影检查中对照组患者采取常规自行屏气或捏鼻方式屏气,观察组患者采用自动屏气控制器协助屏气,比较两组患者检查完成平均时间、检查一次性成功率及图像质量。结果:观察组患者检查平均所需时间为(7.1±0.6)min,对照组平均所需时间为(9.1±0.9)min,观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=20.009,P<0.05);观察组检查一次性成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x²=11.322,P<0.05);观察组图像质量优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x²=9.422,P<0.05)。结论:自动夹鼻器应用简便、能有效控制患者呼吸,提高图像质量,缩短检查时间,从而提高工作效率。     

健康中国视域下的全科医学教育发展研究

在健康中国视域下,推进全科医学教育有着十分重要的意义,作为医疗院校以及医疗机构应当推进全科医学教育的人才培养,规范学科建设与发展。当下,全科医学教育健康机制刚刚起步,因此,作为教育工作者应当进一步完善教育体系,通过遵循市场和政策的引导,从而在健全全科医疗教育制度的同时,推动全科医学的发展,确保人民群众的生命健康。该文就健康中国视域下,全科医学教育发展方式进行探究,希望能够推动医疗服务可持续发展。     

中青年缺血性脑卒中患者与健康人群生活行为习惯及基因多态性比较研究

目的 比较中青年缺血性脑卒中患者与健康人群生活行为习惯及基因多态性。方法 以2021年1—12月某医院收治的中青年缺血性脑卒中患者617例作为病例组,按照性别、年龄1∶1比例匹配同期医院进行体检健康者617例作为健康对照组,比较中青年缺血性脑卒中患者与健康人群生活行为习惯及基因多态性的差异,生活行为习惯包括控制体重、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠时间、体育锻炼、饮食健康,基因多态性采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术和分子杂交技术检测纤维蛋白原（FGB）G（-455）A、内皮细胞-白细胞黏附分子（ELAM）ser128arg、细胞黏附分子-1（ICAM1）gly214arg、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）G（-308）A、肿瘤坏死因子β（TNFβ）thr26asn。结果 病例组患者617例中男性396例,女性221例;年龄37~64岁。健康对照组617人中男性396人,女性221人;年龄37~64岁。2组性别分布、平均年龄、舒张压和收缩压的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。2组控制体重、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠时间、体育锻炼、饮食健康情况比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;FGB G（-455）A、ELAM ser128arg、ICAM1 gly214arg、TNFαG（-308）A、TNFβ thr26asn等位基因频率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;FGB G（-455）A、ELAM ser128arg、ICAM1 gly214arg、TNFαG（-308）A基因型频率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P >0.05）,而TNFβ thr26asn基因型频率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 中青年缺血性脑卒中具有遗传因素,与TNFβ thr26asn多态性可能存在一定关联,寻求遗传病因学证据及建立良好生活行为习惯,如控制体重、戒烟限酒、保证充足睡眠、坚持体育锻炼和健康饮食等,有利于中青年缺血性脑卒中的防治。     

生殖相关疾病与膳食炎症指数关系的研究进展

炎症参与了多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症、妇科肿瘤等多种疾病的发生、发展,同时也可影响男性生殖功能。饮食在调节慢性炎症中发挥重要作用。膳食炎症指数（dietary inflammation index,DII）是一种新的临床膳食评估工具,将饮食分为促炎饮食和抗炎饮食,用于评估个人膳食整体的炎症潜力。研究显示,促炎饮食与生殖相关疾病的发生风险增加有关,抗炎饮食则与生殖相关疾病的发生风险降低有关。促炎饮食及其组分可升高机体内的炎症水平,促使慢性子宫内膜炎、多囊卵巢综合征、卵巢癌及子宫内膜癌等多种疾病的发生,也可对男性精子浓度和总活力等产生影响,从而导致不孕不育。综述DII与生殖相关疾病的关系和临床机制,并从疾病的预防和控制方面提出饮食建议,以期为临床治疗和护理提供参考。