膳食炎症指数与慢性肾脏病发病之间的研究进展

目的 对膳食炎症指数(DII)与慢性肾脏病发病之间的研究进行综述,探究两者之间的关系。方法 以“膳食炎症指数”、“促炎饮食”和“慢性肾脏病”、“肾小球滤过率”为检索词,在PubMed, Web of Science和EMBASE等数据库进行检索,查询并严格筛选合格文献,进一步综述膳食炎症指数与慢性肾病的流行病学关系,并从炎症因子方面解释阐述了膳食炎症指数与慢性肾病之间可能的相关机制。结果 促炎饮食会造成慢性肾脏病的发病风险升高,相反,抗炎饮食可以有效降低慢性肾脏病的发病风险,特定的炎症因子标志物对慢性肾脏病的发病有特定作用。结论 膳食炎症指数对慢性肾脏病的发生有一定的影响,未来可能作为慢性肾病发病的预防控制策略之一,并可能给肾脏疾病的防治提供重要的科学依据。     

多囊卵巢综合征可能为慢性炎症性疾病

多囊卵巢综合征是育龄妇女生殖功能障碍、内分泌紊乱和代谢异常的常见疾患，其主要病理生理学变化是胰岛素抵抗致高雄激素血症及持续性无排卵。多囊卵巢综合征患者存在外周血促炎因子水平升高，慢性炎症介导胰岛素抵抗并进一步诱导多囊卵巢综合征的发生与发展。该文综述了慢性炎症在多囊卵巢综合征发病中的作用机制，提示多囊卵巢综合征可能一种慢性炎症性疾病，为多囊卵巢综合征的抗炎治疗提供理论依据。     

海口地区中老年男性膳食抗炎指数与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的关联研究

目的 研究中老年男性膳食抗炎指数(Dietary anti-inflammatory index, DII)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)风险的关联,并观察DII对研究对象肺功能和血清炎症标志物水平的影响。 方法 采用病例对照研究设计,选取2017年8月—2019年6月在海口地区确诊的COPD中老年男患者201例,同期经年龄(±3岁)个体匹配的社区健康男性201名作为对照组。采用食物频率问卷,获得确诊前一年(病例)或既往一年(对照)膳食摄入情况,计算其膳食DII得分,并根据三分位划分为抗炎倾向组、中间组和促炎倾向组。检测研究对象血清的炎症标志水平并进行肺功能测试。采用条件logistic回归分析DII与COPD患病风险的OR及其95%CI;采用Spearman偏相关分析DII与肺功能及炎性指标的相关性。结果 COPD病例组DII评分为(1.02±0.86),高于对照组的(0.05±0.27),差异有统计学意义(t=15.245,P<0.001)。研究结果显示,DII水平越高,COPD风险越高。在控制了混杂因素后,促炎倾向组研究对象COPD患病风险是抗炎倾向组研究对象的2.13倍(OR=2.13, 95%CI:1.24, 3.67)。COPD患者的DII与肺功能指标(FEV1,FEV1预计值及FEV1/FVC)呈正相关,而健康对照组研究对象DII仅与FEV1 正相关。此外,COPD患者与健康对照组DII与炎性因子(hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α)水平均呈正相关。结论 促炎性膳食是COPD患病的危险因素。提示针对COPD高危人群改变膳食结构,加强COPD患者营养知识教育,以延缓疾病的进一步恶化,为COPD的预防和治疗提供参考。     

核因子κB与多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素抵抗相关研究

多囊卵巢综合征是育龄妇女常见的生殖内分泌紊乱性疾病,其临床表现高度异质性.胰岛素抵抗是多囊卵巢综合征的病理生理基础,但发生机制尚不清楚.近年研究发现,促炎细胞因子参与胰岛素抵抗的发生发展,多囊卵巢综合征可能是一种低度慢性炎症性疾病.核因子κB(NF-κB)是联系炎症与胰岛素抵抗的关键介质,NF-κB在多囊卵巢综合征的发病和进展中发挥着重要的作用.     

核因子κB在多囊卵巢综合征发病机制中的作用

多囊卵巢综合征是育龄妇女生殖功能障碍和代谢异常的常见疾患,胰岛素抵抗是多囊卵巢综合征重要的病理生理变化之一.近年来研究表明多囊卵巢综合征存在低度慢性炎症,促炎因子参与胰岛素抵抗的发生发展.核因子κB是炎症与IR联系的纽带,核因子κB活性的改变可能是多囊卵巢综合征发病机制之一.该文将核因子κB的生物学特性及其与炎症、胰岛素抵抗之间的相关性研究作以综述,旨在为多囊卵巢综合征治疗的新靶点提供理论依据.     

核因子κB与多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素抵抗相关研究

多囊卵巢综合征是育龄妇女常见的生殖内分泌紊乱性疾病,其临床表现高度异质性。胰岛素抵抗是多囊卵巢综合征的病理生理基础,但发生机制尚不清楚。近年研究发现,促炎细胞因子参与胰岛素抵抗的发生发展,多囊卵巢综合征可能是一种低度慢性炎症性疾病。核因子κB(NF-κB)是联系炎症与胰岛素抵抗的关键介质,NF-κB在多囊卵巢综合征的发病和进展中发挥着重要的作用。     

膳食炎症潜力评价工具研究进展

慢性低度炎症是多种疾病共同的病理学基础，而饮食是调节慢性低度炎症水平的关键因素。对个人膳食炎症潜力进行评估可及时了解饮食对机体内慢性低度炎症水平的影响，有助于制订并实施个性化的饮食管理方案，以促进健康饮食行为、降低疾病风险。该文对国内外膳食炎症潜力评价工具进行综述，包括评价工具的特点、主要内容、应用现状及局限性，以期为国内膳食炎症潜力评价工具的开发及合理化选用提供参考，为我国膳食防治策略的制定提供科学依据和理论基础。     

慢性亚临床炎症与多囊卵巢综合征的发病关系

多囊卵巢综合征是生育年龄妇女生殖功能障碍和代谢异常的常见疾病,胰岛素抵抗是多囊卵巢综合征重要的病理生理学基础,故多囊卵巢综合征妇女是子宫内膜癌和2型糖尿病、心血管疾病等代谢紊乱综合征的高危人群。近年来研究发现,多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素抵抗与慢性亚临床炎症存在密切的关系,该文综述了慢性亚临床炎症与多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素抵抗发病关系的研究进展,旨在为多囊卵巢综合征患者进一步合理用药提供理论依据。     

慢性亚临床炎症与多囊卵巢综合征的发病关系

多囊卵巢综合征是生育年龄妇女生殖功能障碍和代谢异常的常见疾病，胰岛素抵抗是多囊卵巢综合征重要的病理生理学基础，故多囊卵巢综合征妇女是子宫内膜癌和2型糖尿病、心血管疾病等代谢紊乱综合征的高危人群。近年来研究发现，多囊卵巢综合征-胰岛素抵抗与慢性亚临床炎症存在密切的关系，该文综述了慢性亚临床炎症与多囊卵誊综合征-胰岛素抵抗发病关系的研究进展，旨在为多囊卵巢综合征患者进一步合理用药提供理论依据。     

孕妇孕中期膳食抗炎指数与早产的关系

目的　利用膳食抗炎指数（DII）评价孕妇孕中期膳食质量，探讨孕妇孕中期DII与早产的关系。方法　采用整群随机法选取2014年8月至2015年4月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院行定期产前检查孕16~20周单胎孕妇253例，采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法调查其孕中期膳食摄入量，通过膳食营养分析软件分析摄入能量及各营养素量，计算DII总分。依据DII总分四分位数进行分组，以P25和P75为界分为3组，即抗炎倾向组（DII＜-5.10）、中间组（DII-5.10~-2.55）和促炎倾向组（DII＞-2.55）。随访孕妇至分娩并记录妊娠结局，分析孕中期DII水平和早产的关系。结果　253例孕妇孕中期DII总分为-7.913~3.872。抗炎倾向组、中间组和促炎倾向组早产发生率分别为0、1.6%和6.3%，三组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.034）。孕中期DII总分促炎倾向越高，其早产发生率越高（P＜0.05）。结论　DII可用于评价孕妇孕中期膳食质量，预测早产发生风险。     

氧化应激与生殖相关疾病研究进展

活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）是氧与电子反应后的产物,适当的ROS水平和氧化应激平衡对维持生理功能有着重要作用。当ROS产生过多或消除ROS的能力减弱,产生氧化应激（oxidative stress,OS）,可导致多种不孕相关疾病。氧化应激参与了多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症、复发性流产等多种疾病的发生发展,同时参与疾病的转归。除了参与女性生殖相关疾病,氧化应激也可以降低精液的质量,影响男性的生殖功能。因此就氧化应激在生殖系统相关疾病的发病机制中所发挥的作用进行综述。     

核因子E2相关因子2在女性生殖系统中的作用

核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)是抗氧化防御系统的重要因子,参与氧化、炎症和代谢应激的及时保护反应.当细胞受到氧化压力或某些化学物质刺激时,Nrf2与伴侣蛋白Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Kelch-like ECH-associa...     

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer in a Case-Control Study from Iran

Diet and inflammation have been suggested to be important risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict ESCC in a case-control study conducted in Iran. This study included 47 ESCC cases and 96 controls hospitalized for acute nonneoplastic diseases. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, energy, sex, body mass index, years of education, physical activity, smoking and gastroesophageal reflux. Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., with a more proinflammatory diet) had a higher risk of ESCC, with the DII being used as both a continuous variable [OR_continuous = 3.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.76–7.26; one unit increase corresponding to ≈16% of its range in the current study] and a categorical variable (OR_{dii>1.20 vs ≤1.20} = 8.24, 95% CI: 2.03–33.47). These results indicate that a proinflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of ESCC.     

Index-Based Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in both men and women in the United States. Various a priori dietary patterns that take into account diet complexity have been associated with CRC risk. This systematic review augments the evidence for an association between CRC risk and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and provides new evidence for a novel Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Human studies published in English after 31 December 2008 were reviewed. Five case-control studies and 7 prospective cohort studies conducted in the United States and Europe were identified. Five of the studies examined the MDS, 4 examined the HEI, and 4 examined the DII. Comparing highest to lowest score groups, higher MDSs were associated with an 8–54% lower CRC risk, and higher HEI scores were associated with a 20–56% lower CRC risk. More proinflammatory diet scores were associated with a 12–65% higher CRC risk compared with more anti-inflammatory diets in studies that used the DII. The results reported by sex suggested similar associations for men and women. This review builds upon the evidence supporting the association between higher overall diet quality and lower risk of CRC. Increasing scores of MDS and HEI and anti-inflammatory DII scores are characterized by high intake of plant-based foods and low intake of animal products. Future studies in more diverse populations and with consistent scoring calculations are recommended.     

Increased Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) Is Associated With Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer in Jamaican Men

Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy, and it accounts for the most cancer deaths among Jamaican males. Diet has been implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer, including through its effects on inflammation. We examined the association between a newly developed dietary inflammatory index (DII) and prostate cancer in a case-control study of 40–80 yr old Jamaican males. A total of 229 incident cases and 250 controls attended the same urology out-patient clinics at 2 major hospitals and private practitioners in the Kingston, Jamaica metropolitan area between March 2005 and July 2007. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a previously validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that was expanded to assess diet and cancer in this Jamaican population. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios, with DII as continuous and expressed as quartiles. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, total energy intake, education, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, and family history of prostate cancer. Men in the highest quartile of the DII were at higher risk of prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–5.04; P_trend = 0.08] compared to men in the lowest DII quartile. These data suggest a proinflammatory diet, as indicated by increasing DII score, may be a risk factor for prostate cancer in Jamaican men.     

Diet components can suppress inflammation and reduce cancer risk

Epidemiology studies indicate that diet or specific dietary components can reduce the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An underlying cause of these diseases is chronic inflammation. Dietary components that are beneficial against disease seem to have multiple mechanisms of action and many also have a common mechanism of reducing inflammation, often via the NFκB pathway. Thus, a plant based diet can contain many components that reduce inflammation and can reduce the risk for developing all three of these chronic diseases. We summarize dietary components that have been shown to reduce cancer risk and two studies that show that dietary walnut can reduce cancer growth and development. Part of the mechanism for the anticancer benefit of walnut was by suppressing the activation of NFκB. In this brief review, we focus on reduction of cancer risk by dietary components and the relationship to suppression of inflammation. However, it should be remembered that most dietary components have multiple beneficial mechanisms of action that can be additive and that suppression of chronic inflammation should reduce the risk for all three chronic diseases.     

Positive association between dietary inflammatory index and gastric cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Aimed to investigate the association between potential inflammatory diet, determined by the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and gastric cancer (GC) risk, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were searched up to May 2019. Studies reported associations between DII and GC were included. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were synthesized by fixed-effects model. Subgroup analysis stratified by gender was also conducted. To test stability of results, we performed sensitivity analyses and Rosenthal's fail-safe Number for publication bias. We included four studies to explore the association with the DII on the risk of GC. Three of them were employed to pool effect size for subjects with the most pro-inflammatory diet compared with the most anti-inflammatory diet; three for an increment of 1-unit DII. We found potential inflammatory diet increased the risk of GC (most pro-inflammatory diet vs. most anti-inflammatory diet: RR, 1.95, 95%CI, 1.48 to 2.57, I² = 42.7%; an increment of 1-unit DII: RR, 1.24, 95% CI 1.12–1.38, I² = 84.3%). These results were stable in sensitivity analyses. No publication bias was found. We found that potential inflammatory diet was related to increased risk of GC. Interestingly, the risk is only among male.     

Role of inflammation in the association between the western dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome among Lebanese adults

The aim of this study was to investigate whether inflammation mediates the previously observed direct association between the western dietary pattern (WDP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Lebanese adults. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary pattern scores, anthropometric and biochemical data of 331 adults were used in this study. Inflammation indicators considered were: serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and the dietary inflammatory index (DII). The scores of the WDP were significantly associated with DII (r?=?.64) but not with serum CRP. Higher CRP levels increased the odds of MetS and four out of five of its components, while no association was found between the DII and MetS.

Conclusion: The findings of this study confirmed the association of serum CRP with MetS but did not support mediation effect of inflammation on the association between the WDP and MetS. These findings are important to direct future investigations on diet, inflammation and association with diseases risk.