Multiple Cerebral Haematomata and Peripheral Nerve Palsies Associated with a Case of Juvenile Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A 15-year-old girl presented de novo in diabetic ketoacidosis having been comatose for 24 h (day 1). A CT scan and lumbar puncture performed on admission were normal and her conscious level slowly improved over several days. On day 7 she had central neurological signs of bilateral knee clonus and an extensor plantar response. In addition, she had developed lower motor neurological signs of an ulnar nerve palsy of the left forearm, and ulnar, median, and radial nerve palsies of the right forearm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed on day 12, showed multiple small cerebral haematomata with appearances at least several days of age. The scattered lesions were localized particularly to the parieto-occipital region, with sparing of the basal ganglia and without cerebral oedema, a novel feature not previously described in juvenile ketoacidosis. Four months later there was minimal residual disability of her right arm. The clinical findings together with the MRI images suggested that the peripheral nerve and central lesions were temporally related, suggesting a common aetiology. However, it is likely that MRI showed cerebral lesions which may have been missed by the conventional CT scanning performed initially.     

川芎嗪注射液加苯那普利治疗糖尿病肾病疗效观察

目的 :观察川芎嗪注射液加苯那普利治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效。观察其甘油三酯、胆固醇、尿蛋白、血压 ,肾功能的变化。方法 :将 4 8例糖尿病肾病病人分为三组 ,每组 16例 ,A组给予川芎嗪注射液 ,苯那普利。B组用川芎嗪注射液。C组 :苯那普利。观察治疗二个月前后血压 ,2 4小时尿蛋白 ,甘油三酯 (TG) ,胆固醇 (TC) ,血肌酐 (Scr)和血尿素氮 (BUN)的变化。结果 :川芎嗪 (B组 )可减低血胆固醇 ,甘油三酯 ,有轻度降血压作用。苯那普利 (C组 )可减少蛋白尿、血压 ,改善肾功能。联合用药 (A组 )能明显减低胆固醇、甘油三酯、降血压、蛋白尿 ,降低SCr、BUN水平 (P <0 0 5orP <0 0 1)。结论 :川芎嗪注射液和苯那普利能降低血压 ,减少尿蛋白排出 ,降低血脂 ,改善肾功能 ,防止和缓糖尿病肾病的发展。     

三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位射频热凝治疗顽固性三叉神经痛

目的：探讨三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位在三叉神经痛射频热凝治疗中的应用及手术技巧。方法：Hartel前入路穿刺法，仰卧位，对38例三叉神经痛病人，于射频热凝治疗术中应用三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位，以明确卵圆孔的位置，调整穿刺针的方向和深度，然后进行温控热凝射频治疗。结果：穿刺针均位于卵圆孔内，病人疼痛即刻缓解，无严重并发症发生。结论：三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位弥补了徒手穿刺的缺陷，提高了卵圆孔穿刺的成功率和精确性，增加了操作的安全性，降低了并发症的发生，具有一定的学术价值，可供临床推广应用。     

Extrapontine myelinolysis in a 4 year old with diabetic ketoacidosis

Extrapontine and central pontine myelinolysis (EPM/CPM) are rare events in pediatric neurology but can have devastating consequences. They are most commonly associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia but have been reported in other situations as well. This condition is relatively more common in adult neurology, not surprisingly, as alcoholism and associated malnutrition are often predisposing conditions. There have been few case reports in children with regards to this. We describe a 4-year old who presented with focal neurological deficits in the setting of diabetic ketoacidosis and the ensuing underlying osmotic imbalances. The patient made a remarkable recovery with no deficits of note-cognitive or motor. To our knowledge this is the youngest case reported so far of EPM in a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. The history of the condition, early animal experiments, clinicopathologic correlates, previous case reports and other scenarios in which this unusual event can occur are discussed--though the exact pathogenesis of this condition still remains unclear. We hope to bring to the attention of clinicians caring for children in the acute care setting, the importance of gradual correction of serum osmolality to reduce morbidity and mortality.     

高糖对大鼠系膜细胞肝细胞生长因子受体表达的影响及其机制研究

目的 观察高糖作用下大鼠系膜细胞(MsC)肝细胞生长因子（HGF）受体c-Met的表达，并探讨其机制和意义。 方法 用RT-PCR和Western 印迹方法检测高糖作用大鼠MsC的不同时间点（0、12、24、48、96 h）c-Met的表达。分别用光辉霉素A（mithramycin A）和SU11274抑制转录因子Sp1的DNA结合活性和阻断c-Met。用电泳迁移率改变实验(EMSA)观察Sp1与c-Met基因启动子的结合活性。以荧光探剂二氯双氢荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)捕获细胞内活性氧。 结果 大鼠MsC的c-Met表达在高糖作用12、24和48 h都明显上升，96 h开始下降。光辉霉素A呈浓度依赖性抑制高糖作用下大鼠MsC的c-Met表达上调。大鼠MsC内Sp1与c-Met基因启动子的结合活性在高糖作用下明显增强。HGF及c-Met显著抑制高糖诱导的大鼠MsC内活性氧的增多。 结论 高糖作用下大鼠MsC的c-Met表达增强，其机制可能是通过Sp1介导。HGF-c-Met信号通路激活能抑制高糖所致大鼠MsC内的氧化应激反应。     

尿视黄醇结合蛋白在2型糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的意义

目的　探讨检测尿视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP)在糖尿病肾病 (DN)早期诊断中的临床意义。方法　分别对 4 2例 2型糖尿病患者及 36例健康对照者用酶联免疫法 (ELISA)测定尿RBP ,用放射免疫法测定尿α1 微球蛋白 (α1 M )、β2 微球蛋白 (β2 M)。结果　糖尿病组三种尿微量蛋白排泄量明显高于健康对照组 ,且以尿RBP敏感性最高。结论　尿RBP的检测可敏感反映早期糖尿病患者肾小管损伤。     

颅神经疾病的肿瘤性病因探讨

目的总结经治的面肌痉挛、三叉神经痛等一类颅神经疾病的肿瘤性病因，对其临床表现特点、发病机制和处理方法进行探讨和分析。方法以面肌痉挛、三又神经痛主诉就诊的患者术前MRI检查发现肿瘤性病因19例，占同期显微手术治疗1032例面肌痉挛、三叉神经痛中的1．8％。其中男7例，女12例。三叉神经痛16例，面肌痉挛3例。术前诊断胆脂瘤8例，脑膜瘤5例，听神经瘤6例。结果肿瘤获全切，病理诊断同术前一致。术后除一例胆脂瘤致三叉神经痛部分缓解外，余症状均消失，平均随访46个月，未见复发。结论颅神经疾病的肿瘤性病因并不少见，在本组三叉神经痛中高达6．3％（16／253）。其临床特点是发病年龄较轻，病程较短，症状较重，三叉神经痛倾向于不典型发作。临床医师应保持警惕，术前应常规MRI检查。一旦发现肿瘤应争取及时手术可获良好效果。     

微血管减压术治疗舌咽神经痛16例临床分析

目的　研究舌咽神经痛 (glossopharyngealneuralgia,GPN)手术治疗的最佳术式 ,评估微血管减压手术(microvasculardecompression ,MVD)的效果、并发症和随访结果 ,探讨可能的治疗机制。方法　 2 0 0 0年 12月到2 0 0 3年 10月间 ,16例GPN患者接受了MVD ,无一例行神经根切断术。患者全部进行了电话或信件随访。结果　15例患者术后疼痛消失 ,1例患者为不典型GPN ,术后疼痛减轻。 1例患者术后出现轻度声音嘶哑和吞咽困难 ,1例患者出现偶发干咳。本组患者平均随访时间为 14 .1± 6 .3月 ,随访期间无一例复发。结论　MVD是治疗舌咽神经痛的一种安全、有效的手术方式 ,尤其适用于典型的GPN患者。     

白细胞对早期糖尿病视网膜病变作用的研究

目的探讨白细胞在早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜毛细血管中粘附、堆积及其与视网膜微血管形态学变化的关系。方法健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠90只，随机分成正常对照组和链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin, STZ）诱导的糖尿病组各45只（3、7、14 d组各5只，30、90、180 d组各10只）。取大鼠右眼制备视网膜消化铺片，进行形态学观察及白细胞共有抗原（leukocyte common antigen, CD45）单克隆抗体免疫组织化学研究。结果正常对照组视网膜毛细血管中有少许CD45阳性细胞；糖尿病发生3 d后，CD45的表达明显增加，病程第14 d达高峰，以后基本稳定。病程90 d时，视网膜毛细血管已出现节段性膨大、囊样扩张及闭锁等形态学改变；病程180 d时，上述病变进一步加重。结论白细胞粘附发生在糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy, DR）的早期阶段，是DR在微血管水平病理变化的开端。白细胞粘附可能作为视网膜微血管形态学改变的基础，在DR的发生发展中起着重要作用。(中华眼底病杂志,2003,19:344-347)