microRNA调控内耳发育及听力损失的研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)作为一类微小非编码RNA,通过RNA干扰(RNAi)信号通路来调控基因表达,在机体发育和疾病中发挥重要作用。基于此,本文一方面揭示miRNA在斑马鱼和小鼠的内耳发育过程中的表达状况和其重要作用,以此外推其在人类内耳中的功能;另一方面阐述了miRNA参与调控听力损失相关疾病表型中的最新进展,为探索如何更好地预防听力损失的发生及改善预后提供新的线索。     

Rapid detection of α-amanitin and β-amanitin in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to the toxicokinetic study of Lepiota brunneoincarnata

Forensic Toxicology - Lepiota brunneoincarnata is a well-known poisonous mushroom and is responsible for fatal mushroom poisoning cases worldwide. α-Amanitin and β-amanitin are the main...     

Methadone-related death in detention

Oral methadone may be prescribed to detainees with the aim of minimising the risk of fatal opioid poisoning on release. To study the circumstances under which methadone-related deaths can occur in detention, we audited reports of 17 [14 male, 3 female; median (range) age 34 (22–52) years] such deaths, July 2010–December 2011. The median (range) methadone dose was 40 (10–110) mg/d (N = 16). The median (range) post-mortem blood methadone concentration was 0.42 (0.16–1.40) mg/L. Those who died within 7 days of the commencement of methadone treatment were significantly younger (Mann-Whitney U 102.5, p < 0.05), were prescribed a significantly lower dose (U = 80.0, p < 0.05) and had significantly lower blood methadone concentrations at death (U = 106.5, p < 0.02) than in those given methadone long-term. In 8 reports the prisoner had been recorded as either ‘sleepy’ (N = 7), or ‘unwell’ in the hours before death. In 13 deaths, the prisoner was either found dead first thing in the morning, or in one instance could not be roused (‘snoring heavily’). Pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, end-stage cirrhosis, and ischaemic heart disease/coronary artery atherosclerosis were cited as associated factors in four patients, all of whom were on long term stable methadone treatment. Attention to warning signs of likely methadone toxicity (daytime or excessive drowsiness, snoring, nausea/vomiting) and associated risk factors (use of drugs such as benzodiazepines and gabapentinoids, the presence of respiratory infection, liver or renal disease) could help minimise the risk of unexpected death in patients given methadone.     

关于中药命名规范化现状与发展的思考

通过文献研究对中药饮片和中成药命名规范存在的问题和原因进行回顾与分析,提出植物的不同基原、各地处方规范和国家标准不统一等是中药命名不规范的主要原因。尽管国家已出台的相关法规和指导原则推动了中药命名规范化的进程,但缺乏通用的中成药编码系统与标准,因此建议政府相关部门制定统一标准来实现中药命名规范化,为中药的合理使用和国际化,以及全球草药的统一监管奠定基础。     

国内外超重和肥胖人群心理卫生相关研究的热点

目的:分析近20年超重和肥胖人群心理卫生相关研究,比较国内外该人群心理卫生相关研究热点。方法:检索万方、知网、PubMed数据库2000年1月-2020年4月收录的超重和肥胖人群心理相关研究,采用BICOMB、gCLUTO软件对关键词和主题词进行聚类和可视化分析。研究人群为中国人的研究定义为国内研究,其余均视为国外研究。结果:最终纳入国内研究661篇、国外研究3679篇。聚类分析显示,国内关注肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征、儿童青少年、肥胖合并症患者等;国外侧重于减重术后及暴食症患者、儿童青少年等。结论:国内外研究热点仅在儿童、青少年方面较为相似。国内在存在肥胖合并症的临床疾病领域发展较好,而国外所关注的减重术后患者生活质量及心理状况、正念疗法和认知行为疗法的运用等值得国内研究者借鉴。     

Paclitaxel-induced stress granules increase LINE-1 mRNA stability to promote drug resistance in breast cancer cells

Abnormal expression of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) has been implicated in drug resistance, while our previous study showed that chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) increased LINE-1 level with unknown mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the regulation of LINE-1 mRNA by drug-induced stress granules (SGs). This study aimed to explore whether and how SGs are involved in drug-induced LINE-1 increase and thereby promotes drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We demonstrated that SGs increased LINE-1 expression by recruiting and stabilizing LINE-1 mRNA under drug stress, thereby adapting TNBC cells to chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, LINE-1 inhibitor efavirenz (EFV) could inhibit drug-induced SG to destabilize LINE-1. Our study provides the first evidence of the regulation of LINE-1 by SGs that could be an important survival mechanism for cancer cells exposed to chemotherapy drugs. The findings provide a useful clue for developing new chemotherapeutic strategies against TNBCs.     

基于文献计量学的近10年我国男护士群体的研究现状及热点分析

目的通过文献计量分析,了解2009—2019年我国男护士群体的研究热点及发展趋势,为相关研究提供参考。方法通过万方、CNKI、维普及中国生物医学文献等数据库检索2009—2019年我国男护士相关文献,对纳入文献进行内容分析并使用bicomb 2.0软件和gCLUTO 1.0软件对关键词进行词频分析和双向聚类分析。结果共纳入931篇期刊文献,获得高频关键词25个,通过聚类分析获得3个研究热点,分别为男护士的工作优势与管理、男护士的心理健康以及男护生的护理教育。结论男护士群体的受关注程度日益提高,核心期刊论坛已初具雏形,但整体研究质量不佳,未来需强化科研设计及研究实施的科学性和严谨性,从而提高文献对临床实践的指导价值。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间武汉方舱医院的供应药品分析

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间武汉方舱医院供应药品的品种,为方舱医院药物遴选及合理用药提供参考。方法以武汉市东西湖方舱医院为样本医院,系统分析该样本医院的药品目录,对比方舱医院实际供应药品目录与推荐目录的差异,分析药品的剂型和给药途径。结果样本方舱医院共供应114种药品,有35种药品是超出推荐目录范围内的药品;现有药品中,药品剂型以注射液(41种,占35.96%)和片剂(33种,占28.95%)为主,给药方式以口服(54种,占47.37%)和注射(51种,占44.74%)为主,药物剂型和给药途径均较集中。结论方舱医院的药学服务应注重口服给药的药物相互作用和注射给药的配伍禁忌,临床使用时应加强监护。