胰岛素抵抗大鼠脑组织APP代谢及其相关酶的表达及吡格列酮的干预效果

目的观察胰岛素抵抗（IR）大鼠脑组织β 淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）、淀粉样前体蛋白（APP）及其代谢相关酶的表达及吡格列酮(PIO)的干预效果。方法从45只Wistar大鼠中随机选取10只作为对照组（NC组）,35只给予10%果糖水诱发胰岛素抵抗,4周后根据胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）,将制作成功的胰岛素抵抗模型26只大鼠随机分为IR组、PIO组。PIO组灌服吡格列酮（10?mg·kg-1·d-1）12周,IR组和NC组给予相同体积的生理盐水。免疫组化法观察大鼠海马Aβ42的表达;免疫印迹法检测大鼠脑APP、β 分泌酶( BACE1)、γ 分泌酶（PS1）的变化。结果IR组和PIO组大鼠海马Aβ42的表达明显高于NC组,与IR组相比,PIO组表达明显减低（P<0.01）;与NC组相比,IR组和PIO组大鼠脑组织APP、BACE1及PS1的表达增高,PIO组表达较IR组减少(P<0.05)。 结论胰岛素抵抗大鼠脑组织通过上调BACE1、PS1活性,使Aβ42生成增加;吡格列酮能抑制BACE1、PS1的表达,减少Aβ42生成。     

Th1 and th2 cytokine expression in nasopharyngeal secretions during acute bronchiolitis in children younger than two years old

ObjectivesWe characterised the T helper cytokine profiles on the surface of nasal mucosa of children with acute bronchiolitis caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza Virus, Influenza Virus, Adenovirus, or without any viral identification, in order to examine whether these viral types modified cytokine responses. As an additional objective we sought to determine if T helper polarisation was associated with other demographic and environmental factors.MethodsA prospective study of children with acute bronchiolitis was performed. Patients were recruited from the emergency department of a central hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. Demographical, epidemiological and clinical data were gathered from a questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected for viral studies (immunofluorescence) and T cell cytokine responses (detection of expression of interleukins 4, 13, 12 and interferon-γ by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays).ResultsRespiratory Syncytial Virus elicited lower levels of interleukin 4, when compared with samples without virus identification. A similar tendency to Th1 polarisation was found in older children, in those who attended day-care centres, and in breastfed individuals. Exposure to tobacco smoke was associated with a Th2 bias in this population.ConclusionsThese findings show that Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection contributes to Th1 polarisation in immune response of respiratory mucosa, an effect that is similar to other environmental factors. Further studies are needed to assess immune response to other infectious causes of acute bronchiolitis.     

青蒿素及其衍生物用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的探讨

自2019年12月武汉首次出现新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19），越来越多人被确诊，已经扩散到了中国各地和境外多个国家。由于尚没有特效药，很多已被批准的"老药"被用于COVID-19的临床治疗中。青蒿素是世界卫生组织推荐的一线抗疟药物，研究发现其还具有抗炎、免疫调节、抗肺纤维化、抗菌、抗病毒、心血管作用等多种药理作用。综述了青蒿素及其衍生物抗COVID-19相关的药理作用及其作用机制，以挖掘其潜在的药用价值，重点探讨了其用于治疗COVID-19的可行性，为发掘有效的治疗药物提供参考。     

Circular RNA circ_0010235 sponges miR-338-3p to play oncogenic role in proliferation,migration and invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer cells through modulating KIF2A

BackgroundCircular RNA microarray analysis showed hsa_circ_0010235 (circ_0010235) was highly upregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, its role in carcinogenesis and development of NSCLC cells was unrevealed. Here, we intended to investigate role and mechanism of circ_0010235 in NSCLC proliferation, migration and invasion.Methods and resultsExpression of circ_0010235, microRNA (miR)-338-3p and kinesin family member 2A (KIF2A) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell progression was measured by cell-counting kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, western blotting, IHC and xenograft experiment. The relationship among circ_0010235, miR-338-3p and KIF2A was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Expression of circ_0010235 was increased in human NSCLC tissues and cells, accompanied with miR-338-3p downregulation and KIF2A upregulation. Essentially, circ_0010235 could sponge miR-338-3p via target binding, and miR-338-3p downstream targeted KIF2A. Functionally, exhaustion of circ_0010235 induced apoptosis rate of NSCLC cells and curbed cell viability, EdU incorporation, migration rate and invasion rate, accompanied with higher E-cadherin and lower N-cadherin expression. Additionally, re-expression of miR-338-3p prompted above similar effects in NSCLC cells in vitro. Contrarily, miR-338-3p blockage partially counteract the effects of circ_0010235 exhaustion; plus, restoration of KIF2A could attenuate miR-338-3p role, as well. Notably, interfering circ_0010235 delayed tumour growth of NSCLC cells by promoting miR-338-3p and E-cadherin expression, and depressing KIF2A, ki-67 and N-cadherin expression.Conclusionscirc_0010235 could be a novel identified oncogenic circRNA in NSCLC, and targeting miR-338-3p/KIF2A axis was one regulatory mechanism underlying circ_0010235.

KEY MESSAGE

• Circ_0010235 was an upregulated circRNA in NSCLC patients and cells.
• Interfering circ_0010235 restrained NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo.
• miR-338-3p per se suppressed NSCLC in vitro and its downregulation diminished the tumour-suppressive role of circ_0010235 blockage in NSCLC cells.
• miR-338-3p could downstream target KIF2A and be sponged by circ_0010235.

     

三类重点老年群体中活动性肺结核患病率调查

目的 调查≥65 岁肺结核可疑症状者、糖尿病患者、肺结核密切接触者（三类重点人群）中活动性肺结核患病率。方法 采用目的抽样方法选择山东省3 个县市为研究现场，利用当地≥65 岁老年人健康体检项目，并纳入肺结核检查，对2013 年1－9 月登记的三类重点人群实施X线胸片和痰涂片检查。结果 9 041 名检查对象中共检出活动性肺结核82 例，受检者中粗患病率为9.1‰。肺结核可疑症状兼糖尿病患者、糖尿病患者、可疑症状者中活动性肺结核患病率分别为115.0‰、3.4‰、0.9‰，糖尿病兼肺结核密切接触者、肺结核可疑症状兼密切接触者及密切接触者中均未检出活动性肺结核;不同老年人群活动性肺结核患病率差异有统计学意义（χ²＝697.478，P＝0.000）。糖尿病患者中活动性肺结核患病率是非糖尿病患者的18 倍（RR＝17.951），是肺结核可疑症状者的4 倍（RR＝3.860）;单因素分析显示糖尿病与活动性肺结核的患病率具有相关性（χ²＝46.637，P＝0.000），糖尿病患病时间延长，其发生肺结核的危险性增高（RR＞1）。结论 患糖尿病的老年群体中活动性肺结核患病率较高，应对糖尿病患者、肺结核可疑症状者实施重点人群筛查策略。     

肺表面活性物质相关蛋白A与D在肺结核诊断中的研究

目的 研究肺表面活性物质相关蛋白A、D（pulmonary surfactant associated protein A、D,SP-A、SP-D）在肺结核患者中的表达，探讨2者的相关性。 方法 采用ELISA方法检测涂阳肺结核50例，涂阴肺结核51例，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者30例及健康人85名血清及痰液中SP-A、SP-D的表达情况。 结果 涂阳肺结核组痰液中SP-A、SP-D的表达与痰液中结核分枝杆菌的含菌量有相关性；血清SP-A、SP-D在肺结核组高表达（P<0.05），痰SP-D在肺结核组低表达（P<0.01）。 结论 SP-A、SP-D的表达与肺结核之间可能有相关性，或可成为协助肺结核诊断的辅助指标。     

126例结核性腹膜炎临床分析

目的分析结核性腹膜炎的临床特点,探讨其诊断和治疗方法。方法分析2002年3月~2009年1月我院确诊126例结核性腹膜炎患者的临床特点。结果各项检查的阳性率分别为血沉增快79.3%（100/126）,PPD阳性62.2%（74/119）,血结核抗体39.7（50/126）,腹部B超78.6%（99/126）,腹部CT 48.7（38/78）,胸部X线片40.5%（51/126）,腹水腺苷酸脱氨酶（ADA）活性增高73.9（34/46）,腹腔镜检查阳性88.9%（16/18）,腹膜活检100%（6/6）,通过各项诊断方法及时诊断,合理用药,治疗总有效率达80.15%。结论联合不同诊断方法,正确诊断,联合长期用药,必要时配以手术治疗,可提高结核性腹膜炎的临床诊治水平。