肿瘤免疫检查点抑制剂相关的肝毒性

肿瘤免疫检查点抑制剂治疗为肿瘤患者带来生存获益的同时,也面临了许多挑战,例如免疫介导的肝毒性的发生。深入了解免疫检查点抑制剂治疗肿瘤过程中导致肝损伤的发生情况、可能机制、危险因素等,有助于更好地临床管理。     

Morphological,Functional, and Tissue Characterization of Silent Myocardial Involvement in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis

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百乐眠胶囊治疗失眠症的临床研究

目的评价百乐眠胶囊治疗失眠症的疗效。方法对40例失眠症患者进行开放性治疗,用睡眠评定量表(SDRS)进行疗效评价。结果治疗后1周和2周,患者SDRS评分中位数均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),2周时降低更明显(P<0.01)。1周时有效率为20%,2周时有效率为85%(P<0.01)。SDRS评定结果显示各临床表现均较治疗前明显好转(P<0.01)。结论百乐眠胶囊是治疗失眠症安全有效的药物。     

双水平气道正压无创通气用于老年患者全麻恢复期的呼吸支持

目的研究双水平气道正压(BiPAP)通气在老年患者全麻恢复期呼吸支持的可行性。方法30例择期手术的老年患者随机分为BiPAP组与对照组,每组15例。在术前、拔管后、吸氧或无创通气1h后三个时点比较血液动力学、动脉血气分析参数和呼吸动力学指标。结果两组患者血液动力学的各项指标在各时点差异无显著意义;BiPAP组无创通气1h后PaCO2较拔管后降低,与对照组吸氧1h后比PaCO2低;拔管后两组患者PaO2较术前降低,BiPAP组吸氧1h可提高PaO2。BiPAP无创通气1h后,VTi、VE、Cdyn升高,RAWm降低;而对照组吸氧1h后较拔管后无明显改善。结论老年患者短期BiPAP面罩支持无创通气耐受性好,对血液动力学无明显影响,可以改善通气和氧合,降低气道阻力,提高肺顺应性。     

大鼠缺血后肢骨骼肌血管内皮生长因子及其受体的表达

目的 研究大鼠缺血后肢侧枝代偿和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体表达的动态变化。为外源性VEGF治疗下肢缺血性疾病提供理论依据。方法 切除SD大白鼠右后肢全长股动脉，随机分为9个时间组：造模后1、3d、1、2、3、4、6、8及12周，各组5只动物。分别于造模前后和观察期末检测双后肢大、小腿肌肉Fit-1、Flk-1蛋白及mRNA表达，各组观察期末实验动物后肢动脉DSA检查。结果 （1）缺血后3d，5只大鼠右后肢出现溃疡（11．11％）；2周后，4只大鼠后肢溃疡愈合，而1只趾端坏疽（2．22％）。（2）缺血后2周，患肢侧枝形成达到高峰，12周时仍可见侧支血管显影。（3）缺血早期（3周内），VEGF及其受体的表达均较健侧显著增强（P〈0．05）；缺血中期（3～8周）。VEGF和Flt-1表达迅速下降，Flk-1仍表达；缺血后期（8周后），VEGF及其受体的表达均低至极低水平，与对侧差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论（1）肢体缺血后自身的血管新生不能完全满足缺血组织的需要。（2）缺血早期外源性的VEGF补充是不必要的；缺血中期补充VEGF是适宜的；缺血后期在应用VEGF治疗的同时，也需要干预受体的表达。     

脑前循环系统动脉瘤的外科治疗

本文报告113例脑前循环系统动脉管其中包括颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤75例.前交通动脉瘤17例,大脑中动脉瘤10例,人脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉-眼动脉瘤2例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤1例.多发动脉瘤5例.共118个动脉瘤在显微镜下直视手术,动脉瘤直接夹闭术108例.孤立或包裹术5例:5例多发动脉瘤行同期手术3例,分期手术2例.术中发生动脉瘤破裂18次.Hunt和HessⅠ～Ⅱ级病人中有例行早期手术.全组术后死亡率为7.9%.着重讨论手术时机.术中动脉瘤破裂处理及多发动脉瘤的治疗.     

化学镀法制备32P放射性支架预防血管成形术后再狭窄的实验研究

目的：评价^32P放射性支架对兔髂动脉狭窄的预防作用。方法：以化学镀法制备^32P放射支架，与普通支架配对后，随机植入兔双侧髂动脉，于术前、术后即刻及术后30d血管造影观察动脉狭窄程度，病理组织学观察内膜面积及管腔内径的变化。结果：术后30d，两种支架植入后的动脉最小腔径（MLD）均较术后即刻显著减小，放射性支架组的MLD显著大于对照组（P＜0．01），而其后期丢失、丢失指数、狭窄程度3项指标则显著小于对照组（P＜0．01）。两种支架植入均使血管内膜增生；放射性支架侧血管管腔面积显著大于对照侧（P＜0．05），而其新生内膜面积显著小于对照侧（P＜0．01）。两种支架植入后对支架边缘部位均无影响。结论：化学镀法制备的新型32P放射性支架安全有效，较低的放射活度即可有效防止支架内狭窄；短球囊扩张支架可能会避免边缘部位狭窄的发生。     

睾丸旁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤1例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨睾丸旁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤的临床、病理特征、诊断及治疗。方法:回顾分析1例睾丸旁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤的诊治及随访资料,并复习相关文献。患者,男,27岁,因阴囊内无痛性肿块4个月就诊。体检于左侧阴囊内可扪及囊性肿块,同侧睾丸不能扪及。行左侧睾丸根治性切除术,术后辅以化疗。结果:术中见左侧睾丸旁多发结节状隆起肿块,质偏硬;术后病理检查肿瘤细胞呈巢状或梁索状结构并埋没在增生的纤维结缔组织中;免疫组化显示瘤细胞具有上皮源性、间质性和神经源性等多向分化的特点。术后已随访3年无瘤生存,预后良好。结论:促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤有特异的临床病理特征,好发于年轻男性,手术切除肿瘤联合化疗是治疗的主要方法,睾丸旁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤比腹腔型预后相对好。     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.