晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染的病原学与危险因素分析

目的研究晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的病原学特点,分析其危险因素,降低晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染率。方法选择2012年1月-2015年12月收治的532例晚期肺癌化疗患者为研究对象,采集患者痰液或呼吸道分泌物标本进行细菌培养,应用SAS 9.3软件进行统计分析,并分析晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结果 125例晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染,感染率为23.50%,其主要感染部位为呼吸道、胃肠道、口腔黏膜,分别占52.00%、15.20%、14.40%;共分离病原菌104株,其中革兰阴性菌51株占49.04%、革兰阳性菌30株占28.85%、真菌23株占22.11%;logistics回归显示,住院时间长、接受侵入性操作、使用抗菌药物是晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结论晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染率较高,主要病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,通过缩短患者住院时间、减少侵入性操作、合理使用抗菌药物等措施,降低晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染的发生。     

单抗N糖分析系统适用性对照品的建立

目的建立单抗N糖分析方法的系统适用性对照品,并设定相应的系统适用性要求。方法利用液质联用(LC-MS)仪对N糖系统适用性对照品进行N糖型的表征鉴别,并对对照品进行稳定性评价。结合方法特点和验证数据,对系统适用性要求进行设定。结果建立的系统适用性对照品具有良好的稳定性,其糖型涵盖了单抗主要的N糖型种类。针对3种药典拟收录的单抗N糖分析方法,设定了以下系统适用性要求,包括:图谱与典型图谱相似、G1F(1,6)和G1F(1,3)的分离度应满足具体要求、G0F%应在规定的范围内、G0F保留时间的RSD应≤4%。结论建立了单抗N糖系统适用性对照品,可配合3种2020年版《中国药典》拟收录的N糖分析方法使用。     

蓝莓花青素对人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞增殖、侵袭的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨蓝莓花青素(BA)对人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞增殖、侵袭的影响及相关机制。方法:低、中、高剂量实验组与对照组人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞分别以25、50、100μg/mL BA与等量生理盐水处理,分别处理12 h、24 h、48 h。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)与流式细胞仪检测人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞增殖与凋亡;采用Transwell小室实验与免疫细胞化学法检测人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞侵袭与P53、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)蛋白表达。结果:干预48 h时,对照组、低、中、高剂量实验组人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞P53与Caspase-3蛋白阳性细胞百分比分别为(11.12±1.01)%,(24.31±2.18)%,(47.56±2.91)%,(66.49±5.14)%与(15.04±1.23)%,(28.22±3.09)%,(69.36±5.42)%,(86.52±6.15)%。实验组胃腺癌BGC-823细胞增殖抑制率随BA浓度增大而逐渐升高;与对照组比较,低、中、高剂量实验组人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞凋亡率、P53与Caspase-3蛋白阳性细胞百分比均显著升高,侵袭率降低,呈浓度依赖性(均P0.05)。结论:BA可有效抑制胃腺癌BGC-823细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,并降低侵袭能力,其机制可能与上调P53与Caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

PCNA、Survivin蛋白在人绒癌细胞株BeWo合体化过程中表达变化的研究

目的:通过检测人绒癌细胞株Be Wo合体化过程中增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、生存素(Survivin)蛋白表达的变化,探讨滋养细胞合体化后增殖性的变化,为恶性滋养细胞肿瘤,尤其是耐药恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的临床治疗提供新的思路和方法。方法:利用毛喉素(forskolin)诱导Be Wo细胞株融合;应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测促融素(Syncytin)在forskolin作用不同时间的Be Wo细胞株中的表达;应用蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)检测PCNA、Survivin蛋白在forskolin作用不同时间的Be Wo细胞株中的表达;应用噻唑蓝比色分析实验(MTT)法检测forskolin作用不同时间的绒癌细胞株Be Wo的增殖能力。结果:1forskolin作用后的Be Wo细胞株Syncytin基因的表达增强,且随着forskolin作用时间的延长,Syncytin的表达更强,于48 h达到高峰。2forskolin作用后的Be Wo细胞株PCNA、Survivin蛋白的表达降低。3forskolin作用后的Be Wo细胞株的增殖能力下降,且不同作用时间的差异有统计学意义;forskolin作用的时间越长,Be Wo细胞株增殖能力下降越明显。结论:人绒癌细胞株Be Wo合体化后PCNA、Survivin蛋白的表达降低,说明人绒癌细胞株Be Wo合体化后增殖性降低,推测诱导滋养细胞合体化可能对临床治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤具有一定作用。     

柴芍六君子汤治疗消化性溃疡的随机平行对照研究

目的:观察柴芍六君子汤治疗消化性溃疡的临床症状改善、胃镜疗效、组织学炎症改善等方面的疗效。方法:采用随机平行对照方法对经胃镜检查确诊为消化性溃疡患者进行分析,对照组给予埃索美拉唑治疗,治疗组在上述治疗的基础上予柴芍六君子汤,疗程6周。结果:两组临床总有效率、血清胃泌素(Gas)比较均有统计学意义。结论:柴芍六君子汤治疗消化性溃疡能够发挥协同作用、增强疗效,降低不良反应,值得推广。     

医疗器械口咽通气道产品注册的常见问题及改进建议

近年来,医疗器械口咽通气道产品的注册数量日益增加,针对该产品的相关咨询也逐渐增多。但该产品暂无相关的注册技术审查指导原则,以致该产品的注册申报资料经常出现一些共性问题。现根据医疗器械口咽通气道产品相关法规和标准,对日常工作中遇到的常见问题进行归纳,分析该产品注册申报中的技术审评要求及共性问题,并给出对策或建议。     

Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.     

Craving-induced effects of different drug cues on persons abstaining from heroin

Background: The key factors of inducing drug cravings in persons abstaining from drug use remain a focus of addictions research. Given the accumulating evidences, the scope of cues investigated in the cue-reactivity paradigm has increased considerably. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of the intensity and endurance of different types of cues on their ability to induce craving. This study investigated differences among drug-cue words, negative physiological-cue words, and negative social-cue words in the induction of drug cravings among persons abstaining from heroin.

Methods: The sample consisted of 149 male abstinent heroin abusers from four addiction rehabilitation centers in China. Based on their abstinence lengths, they were labeled as short-term, medium-term, and long-term abstainer participants respectively. All participants completed a stress-imagery task and rated craving by visual analog scale.

Results: There was a significant interaction of cue type and abstinence length. There was no difference on the craving induced by three types of cue words in the short-term group. In the medium-term group, craving induced by negative social-cue words was significantly stronger than that by negative physiological-cue words, but not that by drug-cue words. In the long-term group, the craving induced by negative social-cue words remained the strongest, significantly stronger than that by both drug-cue words and negative physiological-cue words.

Conclusion: Negative social-cue words presented in the current study retain the ability to induce craving in heroin abstainers; this finding suggests that negative social cues encountered under more general circumstances could be a risk factor for relapse.     

铸造支架联合NITI悬臂梁矫正舌倾下颌磨牙的临床效果评价

目的 评价NITI悬臂梁在矫正舌倾下颌磨牙中的临床效果。方法 选择16例单侧下颌第二磨牙舌倾的病例为研究对象,带垫铸造支架连接双侧下颌后牙,提供颌内支抗、解除咬合锁结,0.018英寸×0.025英寸或0.019英寸×0.025英寸NITI悬臂梁提供颊向旋转力矩和压低力。采用Graphpad Prism 6.0 软件对治疗前、后所测数据进行配对 t 检验。结果 所有患牙均获得直立,牙轴变化24°±1.2°（P<0.01）,近中舌尖到正中矢状面垂直距离变化（3±0.8） mm（P<0.05）,牙周状况良好,咬合关系稳定。结论 铸造支架联合NITI 悬臂梁可提供有效力学机制,矫正舌倾下颌磨牙。