粉防己碱对绒癌BeWo细胞增殖和凋亡的作用

目的 探讨粉防己碱对人绒癌BeWo细胞株增殖和凋亡的作用.方法 采用不同浓度的粉防己碱处理人绒癌BeWo细胞株,在不同的作用时间采用MTT和流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖及凋亡的变化;Western blot检测PCNA和Survivin的表达.结果 采用不同剂量的粉防己碱处理BeWo细胞不同的时间,细胞均表现出生长的抑制,且为剂量及时间依赖性(P＜0.01).0、5、10、20 μg/mL粉防己碱作用24小时后,细胞凋亡的比例依次为3.52％±0.62％、8.32％±2.1％、13.45％±2.7％和27.38％±3.1％(F =41.616,P＜0.01),PCNA蛋白表达分别为0.85±0.05、0.53±0.04、0.22±0.01和0.03±0.01(F=244.375,P＜0.01),Survivin蛋白表达分别为1.06±0.01、0.98±0.06、0.52±0.03和0.39±0.03(F =529.4,P＜0.01).结论 粉防己碱可以对绒癌细胞株BeWo产生时间及浓度依赖的生长抑制作用,诱导绒癌细胞株的凋亡,有可能成为GTT化疗方案的辅助治疗药物.     

Syncytin与滋养细胞融合

Syncytin是人类内源性逆转录病毒HERV W基因编码的膜糖蛋白,主要在胎盘合体滋养细胞表达。Syncytin可促进滋养细胞的融合,它的表达异常与妊娠高血压综合征、21- 三体综合征等病理妊娠有关。     

GRIM-19对子宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞Survivin基因表达的影响

目的:探讨稳定转染GRIM-19对子宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞凋亡抑制基因Survivin的表达以及细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用脂质体转染法将GRIM-19重组质粒转染子宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞,建立稳定表达GRIM-19的HeLa细胞株,采用RT-PCR检测HeLa细胞转染GRIM-19后mRNA水平表达情况,采用WesternBlot检测稳定转染后GRIM-19与Survivin的表达情况,应用细胞计数法观察各组细胞增殖水平。结果:建立稳定的GRIM-19基因表达的HeLa细胞株,命名为HeLa/G19细胞,对照组细胞命名为HeLa/Con细胞。RT-PCR检测显示GRIM-19mRNA表达明显增加,WesternBlot检测显示GRIM-19的蛋白表达显著升高、Survivin蛋白的表达水平显著降低。细胞计数法实验显示HeLa/GRIM-19细胞增殖较HeLa/Con细胞明显减慢(P<0.05)。结论:GRIM-19可以抑制子宫颈癌细胞Survivin的表达,阻滞细胞的生长,可能是子宫颈癌治疗的新靶点。     

Syncytin与滋养细胞融合

Syncytin是人类内源性逆转录病毒HERV—W基因编码的膜糖蛋白，主要在胎盘合体滋养细胞表达。Syncytin可促进滋养细胞的融合，它的表达异常与妊娠高血压综合征、21-三体综合征等病理妊娠有关。     

增殖细胞核抗原与卵巢癌细胞系化学敏感性

目的 :探讨增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)与上皮性卵巢癌细胞系化学敏感性的关系。方法 :使用顺铂作用于A2 780及AD6 0细胞株。在MTT法测定耐药倍数基础上 ,用ABC检测PCNA表达。结果 :MTT测定AD6 0的耐药倍数为 2 .4。A2 780PCNA的表达低于AD6 0 ,且随药物浓度的递增染色较耐药组明显变浅。A2 780、AD6 0相同药物浓度作用后PCNA的表达有显著性差异 (P 0 .0 1) ;同一细胞株不同药物浓度作用后PCNA表达有显著性差异 (P 0 .0 1)。结论 :增殖细胞核抗原表达与上皮性卵巢癌细胞对细胞毒性药物的化学敏感性呈负相关。     

生存素mRNA、生存素和PCNA在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的　探讨SurvivinmRNA、Survivin和PCNA在大肠癌中的表达及意义。方法　原位杂交、免疫组化法检测 64例大肠癌中SurvivinmRNA、Survivin、PCNA蛋白表达。结果　SurvivinmRNA、Survivin蛋白在大肠癌的阳性率分别为 5 3 %、5 3 % ,其表达与大肠癌组织类型、淋巴结转移相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而与侵犯深度无关 (P >0 0 5 )。癌旁组织中无Survivin表达。PCNA增殖指数为 ( 3 3 65± 18 7) %。Survivin与PCNA蛋白表达呈正相关。结论　大肠癌中Survivin高表达 ,其与大肠癌分化程度、淋巴结转移、增殖活性有关。Survivin基因有望成为大肠癌诊断、治疗的新靶点。     

滋养层细胞凋亡与稽留流产的关系

目的:探讨滋养层细胞凋亡与稽留流产的关系。方法:对30例正常早孕吸宫流产病例和35例稽留流产病例的绒毛滋养层细胞进行凋亡研究。常规光镜观察细胞形态学变化;免疫组织化学SP法检测增殖细胞核抗原PCNA、抑凋亡基因Survivin和促凋亡基因P53在细胞中的表达。结果:稽留流产组绒毛形态学结构均出现不同程度的退行性改变,绒毛细胞滋养层细胞中PCNA表达较正常早孕组明显减少,差异具有非常显著性意义(P<0.01),合体滋养层细胞PCNA少量表达;稽留流产组绒毛滋养层细胞Survivin低于正常早孕组,而P53则高于正常早孕组,差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:滋养层细胞凋亡的增加可能是稽留流产发生的一个重要病理过程,其机制可能与PCNA、Survivin和P53基因的表达异常有关。     

Livin蛋白在妊娠滋养细胞疾病组织中的表达

目的:检测Livin蛋白在妊娠滋养细胞疾病中的表达,探讨其在妊娠滋养细胞疾病发生、发展中的作用。方法:收集2006年6月～2008年6月间山东省聊城市人民医院妇产科门诊手术或住院病人127例的组织标本,其中正常早孕绒毛组织35例、葡萄胎组织42例、侵蚀性葡萄胎组织28例及绒癌组织22例。采用免疫组化链酶抗生物素-过氧化物酶(SP)法对各组织标本中Livin蛋白的表达进行检测。结果:Livin蛋白在正常早孕组、葡萄胎组、侵蚀性葡萄胎组及绒癌组中滋养细胞细胞核及细胞浆的表达强度依次增加,各组间的表达强度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Livin蛋白在滋养细胞的过度表达在滋养细胞恶性病变的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。     

Survivin、hTERT在早产胎盘滋养细胞表达情况的研究

目的通过观察早产患者胎盘中凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin及h TERT蛋白在胎盘滋养细胞的表达,探讨Survivin因子介导滋养细胞凋亡与早产的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法 (S-P法)对30例早产和30例正常足月妊娠产妇的胎盘滋养细胞层Survivin蛋白及h TERT蛋白表达进行检测和对比研究。结果早产组与足月妊娠组胎盘滋养细胞Survivin表达率为分别为80.00%,h TERT表达分别为30.00%、86.67%,两组中Survivin与h TERT表达差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且两者的表达呈正相关(r=0.400,P0.05)。结论早产组Survivin、h TERT表达下降,两者呈正相关,说明胎盘滋养细胞凋亡及早产有关。     

白藜芦醇对绒癌细胞JEG-3的杀伤效应

目的:研究白藜芦醇(RES)对绒癌细胞JEG-3的凋亡作用及其机制.方法:不同浓度RES药物作用于JEG-3细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法、流式细胞术、Western blot法,检测RES对细胞增殖、周期分布、凋亡、及相关蛋白表达的影响.结果:RES以时间和浓度依赖方式抑制JEG-3细胞的增殖(P<0.01),同时诱导JEG-3细胞发生凋亡和G0/G1期阻滞(P<0.01).Western blot法检测显示在RES作用之后,Caspase-3蛋白、Bax表达明显上调,Bcl-2表达明显下调.结论:RES可抑制人绒癌JEG-3细胞增殖、诱导其凋亡、阻滞细胞G0/G1期、伴随Caspase-3活性上调,其机制可能与上调凋亡蛋白Bax、下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2有关.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.