氦氖激光血管内照射配合吗啡控制癌痛的对照观察

目的探讨氦氖激光血液照射辅助治疗控制癌痛的疗效。方法对52例中晚期癌症重度痛患者在使用口服吗啡治疗基础上加用低能量氦氖激光血液照射治疗1周后,对疼痛缓解程度及平均缓解时间进行对照观察。结果加用激光照射组的镇痛疗效优于单用吗啡组,P<0.05,有效率分别为92%和84%,P>0.05,显效率分别为67%和46%,u=2.07,P<0.05,均数缓解时间分别为(8±3)h和(8±4)h,t=0.78,P>0.05,差异无显著性意义。结论氦氖激光血液照射治疗有一定协同镇痛作用。     

Evaluation of corticospinal tract injury with three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract (DTT) is the newest imaging to describe the structure of white matter fiber in three-dimensions, it has great significance in dividing the concrete anatomic site of gray and white matter lesions, displaying the correlation with fibrous band and judging clinical prognosis, which is incomparable by other imagings.OBJECTTVE: To observe the conditions of corticospinal tract (CST) in acute cerebral ischemic stroke patients,and analyze the relationship between motor function and the severity of CST injury.DESIGN: A case-control observation.SETTTNG: Department of Medical Imaging, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTTCTPANTS: Fifteen patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February to December in 2005. They all suffered from acute attack and motor disorder of hemiplegic limbs to different extent, and were conformed by CT or MRI.There were 9 males and 6 females, aging 16-87 years old, the median age was 51.7 years, and all were right handed. Fifteen right-handed normal subjects, who were matched by age and sex with the patients in the cerebral infarction group, were selected from the relatives of patients and physicians of the Imaging Department as the control group. All the subjects were informed and agreed with the study.METHODS: The patients with acute cerebral infarction and subjects in the control group received MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with GE 1.5 T nuclear magnetic resonance system, fiber tracking with the software of dTV- Ⅱ. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and three-dimensional tractography of bilateral CST of all patients were created. Displacement, continuity and destroy of fibrous bands were observed. At the same time, muscle strength of ipsilateral hand of patients with cerebral infarction was measured with Brunnstrom standard. The correlation between the severity of CST injury and the muscle strength of ipsilateral hand was analyzed with spearman correlation analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① FA values in the infarcted sites and those in the contralateral corresponding sites of patients with cerebral infarction; ② CST manifestations in the patients with cerebral infarction and the control group.RESULTS: All the 30 testees were involved in the analysis of results. ① The FA values in infarcted sites of white matter were significantly lower than those in the contralateral ones (t =4.570, P ＜ 0.001 ). ② In the control group, bilateral CST were reconstructed, they originated from precentral gyrus, went downwards to internal capsule, and extended to pontine and medulla oblongata, each fiber had good uniformity in continuous form. In the patients with cerebral infarction, the forms of contralateral CST were consistent with those in the control group with good continuity. Due to the involvement by the infarcted site to different extents, the ipsilateral CST manifested as continuous interruption and loss of uniformity in anatomic structure and form. The CST involvements were divided into three grades: integrated CST for grade I (n =2); integrated CST but compressed or displaced for grade 2 (n =5); interrupted CST for grade 3 (n =8). ③ The severity of CST injury was obviously correlated with the muscle strength of the ipsilateral hand (r=0.888, P＜ 0.05＝.CONCLUSION: ① CST is injured to different extents in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and the severity of injury is associated with muscle strength. It is indicated that it can be used to judge the prognosis of rehabilitative treatment. ②DTT can directly display the status of pyramidal tract more three-dimensionally.     

高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体的表达和形态计量学观察

目的 观察高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体 (OPG，RANKL)的表达，并与骨形态计量学指标进行相关分析。 方法 选择10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者和3例正常人进行髂骨活检术，获得骨组织标本。采用免疫组化方法检测OPG和RANKL蛋白质的表达。采用全自动图像分析系统进行骨组织形态计量学测定。结果 10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者经骨病理学检查证实均为高转换型骨病，以破骨细胞活化形成骨吸收陷窝伴或不伴骨矿化不全为特点。免疫组化显示尿毒症患者骨组织中以RANKL阳性表达为主。与正常对照相比，RANKL阳性表达细胞数目显著增加，OPG阳性表达细胞数目显著减少。尿毒症患者RANKL的阳性表达细胞数目与骨吸收面积和破骨细胞数目呈显著正相关。结论 高转换型肾性骨病中，PTH的溶骨作用可能是通过OPG/RANKL/RANK系统介导的。     

对乙酰氨基酚引起的急性肝衰竭：一项美国多中心前瞻性研究结果

严重的对乙酰氨基酚肝毒性常常会引起急性肝衰竭（ALF），作者在美国的22所三级护理中心调查了由对乙酰氨基酚引起的肝衰竭的发生率、危险因素和预后，用超过6年的时间收集到662例完全符合ALF（包括肝源性凝血症和肝性脑病）标准的患者资料，详细分析后发现：其中有275例（45％）是由对乙酰氨基酚引起的。调查发现，对乙酰氨基酚相关性ALF的年度百分比由1998年的28％上升至2003年的51％。对乙酰氨基酚的中位摄入量为24g（相当于48个高含量的片剂）。在上述275例中，误服过量者有131例（48％），有意服用者（即有自杀倾向者）有122例（44％），还有22例（8％）为不明意图。在误服组中38％同时服用了两种或多种对乙酰氨基酚制剂，63％患者服用了含有镇静剂的复合制剂。据报道，81％患者因为急性或慢性疼痛误服了对乙酰氨基酚和（或）其他镇痛剂。总体上，有178例研究对象（65％）存活，74例（27％）未经肝移植而死亡，23例（8％）进行了肝移植，其中71％的患者仅存活了3周。未接受移植的存活率和肝移植存活率在误服组和有意服用组差别不明显。     

白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术1123例临床小结

目的本文对2004年3月9日至2004年5月13日“健康快车”短期为大批量贫困的白内障患者免费行白内障超声乳化及人工晶体植入术1123例(1136眼)进行回顾性分析总结。方法比较透明角膜切口及巩膜隧道切口二种术式的术后反应、并并症、术后视力、以及术后用药情况。结论本组病例术后三天脱盲率90.5%,脱残率70.68%,透明角膜切口植入硬性人工晶体术后反应重,易发生伤口裂开虹膜嵌顿,不宜采用。白内障术后勿需全身用药。     

阿尔茨海默病患者脑白质损害与认知功能的关系

目的用磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)研究阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑白质损害的特点及其与认知功能改变的相关性。方法对16例AD患者和12名年龄及性别相当的健康老年人行DTI、T1液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)及T2-FLAIR检查,测量胼胝体膝部和压部、内囊前肢和后肢、额颞顶枕叶白质的部分各向异性分数值(FA)和平均弥散度(MD),分析FA、MD值与简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分之间的相关关系。结果AD患者胼胝体压部、额叶、顶叶、颞叶FA值分别为0.602±0.043、0.270±0.034、0.294±0.043、0.302±0.032,与健康老人组相比显著下降(P<0.05),且与MMSE评分呈正相关关系,而内囊前后肢、枕叶、胼胝体膝部的FA值则无明显变化(P>0.05);胼胝体压部、顶叶白质的MD值分别为(0.918±0.029)、(0.826±0.015)×10-9m2/s,与健康老人组相比显著升高(P<0.01),且与MMSE评分呈负相关,而内囊前后肢、额叶、颞叶、枕叶和胼胝体膝部的MD值则无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论AD患者表现为脑白质的选择性损害,且损害程度与认知功能密切相关;这种选择性损害反映了AD病理机制中皮质-皮质及皮质-皮质下联系的丢失;DTI技术可以用来监测疾病的进展情况及评价AD治疗药物的临床疗效。     

生化修饰疗法对晚期恶性肿瘤病人的治疗与护理观察

目的：探讨生化修饰疗法对晚期恶性肿瘤病人的治疗效果。方法：对57例晚期恶性肿瘤病人采用置管经输注泵输注化疗药物治疗与护理。结果：此法较全身化疗疗效高，毒副作用小。尤其适用于一般状况差又难于耐受全身化疗的晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人。结论：生化修饰疗法安全、有效、方便、费用低，值得推广。     

补阳还五汤对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织ET-1基因表达的影响

目的 :观察补阳还五汤对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织 ET- 1基因表达的影响 ,探讨其对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :采用线栓法制成大鼠 MCAO再灌注模型 ,并用地高辛精标记 ET- 1基因进行原位杂交。结果 :补阳还五汤治疗组缺血再灌注侧皮层及尾状核 ET- 1基因表达显著低于生理盐水对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,两组大鼠缺血再灌注侧皮层和尾状核 ET- 1基因表达均显著高于健侧相应脑区 (P<0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1)。结论 :脑缺血再灌注可以诱导脑组织 ET- 1基因的异常表达 ,从而进一步加重脑损伤 ,补阳还五汤可在一定程度上下调脑缺血诱导的ET- 1基因的表达 ,可能是其防治缺血性脑血管病的主要作用机制之一。     

单克隆IgH基因重排检测在B-NHL诊断和随访中的意义

目的　评价单克隆IgH基因重排检测在恶性淋巴瘤 (B NHL)临床中的应用价值。方法　用半巢式PCR检测单克隆IgH基因重排。病例组为B NHL ,包括 6 9例石蜡包埋组织切片、治疗前 16例骨髓和 2 9例外周血、阳性者治疗后复查骨髓和外周血 ;对照组为 10例慢性淋巴结炎、3例T NHL和 2例HD。结果　对照组均阴性。病例组 :切片中单克隆IgH基因重排阳性率为 6 3.8% (44 / 6 9) ;骨髓和外周血阳性率分别为 43 .8%(7/ 16 )和 41.4% (12 / 2 9) ,细胞形态学检查未见异常细胞者阳性率分别为 33 .3% (3/ 9)和 31.3% (5 / 16 )。 16例同时采集骨髓和外周血者 ,阳性率分别为 43 .8% (7/ 16 )和 37.5 % (6 / 16 ) ,两者无统计学差异。治疗前单克隆IgH重排阳性者 ,6例完全缓解 (CR)后转阴 ,处于持续缓解状态 ,1例临床缓解后 13个月仍阳性 ,现在继续随访中 ,另 1例CR后持续阳性者 ,6个月后复发。结论　切片、骨髓和外周血中检测单克隆IgH基因重排可以作为B NHL诊断和随访微小残留病灶的辅助手段