北京版MoCA在长沙地区缺血性脑血管病人群中的应用及长沙版MoCA的形成

目的 探讨北京版蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)的可行性及潜在修订点.通过翻译及修订英文原版MoCA,形成长沙版MoCA.方法 在长沙地区年龄≥40岁的56例缺血性脑血管患者及32名对照人群中应用北京版MoCA、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)等进行认知及日常生活、情绪、精神评估.通过相关、ROC曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve)分析及比较北京版MoCA各子测试项目在对照组人群中的得分率及受教育程度的影响等,探讨北京版MoCA的可行性及潜在修订点.进而通过申请英文版MoCA的翻译修订权、翻译、专家评议、修订、小样本临床试验等步骤,最终确定长沙版MoCA.结果 北京版MoCA与MMSE的总分高度相关(r=0.926).北京版MoCA诊断认知障碍的ROC曲线下面积为0.907(95%可信区间为0.848～0.966).按照推荐划界分值(25/26分),其诊断认知障碍的灵敏度及特异度分别为95.35%及55.56%.如果将划界分值调整为23/24分可得到最理想的灵敏度(86.04%)和特异度(82.22%).3个存在修订争议的子测试项目进入小样本试验,经反复评议及修订,于2010年7月确定长沙版MoCA.结论 北京版MoCA为一种有效、可行的认知筛查量表,但尚存在一些不适用于我国大陆人群的不足.长沙版MoCA为一种适合中国大陆人群使用的认知筛查量表.     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在血管性认知功能障碍中的应用

目的 探讨蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表(中文版)在血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)中的应用.方法 选择166例具有脑血管病危险因素或脑血管疾病患者,根据VCI诊断标准分为无认知功能障碍(NCI)组(52例)、无痴呆的血管性认知功能障碍(VCIND)组(76例)及血管性痴呆(VD)组(38例),分别给予MoCA量表和简易精神状态检查(MMSE)量表测试.结果 将认知功能障碍MoCA分界值定为26分时,VCIND组MoCA的敏感性为90.79%,MMSE为26.31%;VD组MoCA的敏感性为100%,MMSE为86.84%;MoCA和MMSE特异性分别为84.62%和100%.结论 与MMSE量表相比,MoCA量表更适用于VCI的筛查.     

MoCA北京版和MMSE评估老年缺血性脑白质病变患者认知障碍的分析

目的探讨北京地区缺血性脑白质病变患者认知功能障碍的特点,发现简易精神状态量表(minimental state examination,MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估北京版(Montreal cognitive assessment Beijing Version,MoCA北京版)量表在缺血性脑白质病变患者认知功能障碍中的应用价值。方法选择2013年1月～2019年10月北京朝阳医院的184例脑白质病变患者作为实验组,同期体检未发生缺血性脑白病变的92例正常老年人为对照组,采用MMSE、MoCA北京版评估两组认知功能状态。结果实验组MMSE评分与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05),实验组MoCA北京版评分两组差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。MoCA北京版实验组患者视空间与执行功能、抽象、延迟回忆评分均低于对照组(P <0. 05)。结论 MoCA北京版对认知障碍的检出率大于MMSE,缺血性脑白质病变患者在语言、视空间与执行功能、抽象功能、延迟回忆、信息加工处理速度等多种认知领域受损。MoCA北京版可作为缺血性脑白质病变患者认知障碍的有效筛查工具。     

急性缺血性卒中患者胆碱能通路损伤与血管性认知障碍的相关性研究

目的 探索急性缺血性卒中患者胆碱能通路损伤与血管性认知障碍(VCI)的相关性.方法 连续收集在天津医科大学总医院神经内科住院的急性缺血性卒中患者87例.采用简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)进行认知评估,同时使用脑胆碱能通路白质量表(CHIPS)和Fazekas量表进行脑白质病变测评,评价其对VCI的应用价值,并分析影像学评分与认知评估间的相关性.结果 以MMSE、MoCA作为界定认知障碍的标准时,缺血性卒中患者急性期认知障碍发生率分别为26.4％、79.3％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).CHIPS与MMSE、MoCA量表评分总分均呈负相关(r=-0.378,P=0.043;r =-0.504,P=0.005);Fazekas与MMSE及MoCA量表评分总分均无明显相关性(r=-0.094,P =0.627;r=-0.410,P =0.056);CHIPS评分与MoCA分项中视空间与执行功能、注意与抽象能力下降呈负相关,其中与视空间与执行功能下降关系最为密切(r=-0.514,P=0.004),而Fazekas评分仅与注意能力下降存在相关性(r=-0.404,P=0.030).结论 急性缺血性卒中患者胆碱能通路损伤与白质病变所致VCI相关;MoCA与CHIPS评分联合应用可以作为简便、快速筛查和评定白质病变所致VCI的良好工具.     

神经心理量表在血管性认知功能损害筛查中的应用

在老年期痴呆中,血管性痴呆占的比例较高,是相对可干预的,因此对于脑血管病后认知功能损害的早期筛查诊断就显得尤为重要。而血管性认知功能损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)与Alzheimer's病(AD)引起的认知功能障碍是有差别的。目前用于认知功能障碍和痴呆筛查的量表,大多用于Alzheimer's病(AD)的筛查诊断,如简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、修订简易精神状态量表(3MS)、长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)等,而对于VCI的筛查量     

MoCA与MMSE在缺血性脑卒中患者认知功能改变中的应用价值

目的探讨MoCA和MMSE在缺血性脑卒中患者认知功能改变中的应用价值。方法选取血管性认知障碍(VCI)组97例和健康组102例为研究对象,均行MoCA、MMSE评估。VCI组依据DSM?Ⅳ结果分为VCIND组、痴呆组。比较各组间MoCA、MMSE评分。结果MoCA量表评分与MMSE评分高度正相关(r=0.873,P0.05);各组MoCA、MMSE评分比较均有显著性差异(P0.01);MoCA量表灵敏度、阴性预测值均优于MMSE量表,但在特异度、阳性预测值、符合率方面差于MMSE量表。结论 MoCA灵敏度较高,利于早期发现VCI,但特异度较低,需进一步结合临床。     

MoCA MMSE及P300对急性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍早期诊断价值

目的比较蒙特利尔认知评估量表(montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)、简易智能精神状态检查量表(minimental state examination,MMSE)、事件相关电位P300(event related potential P300,ERP-P300)在早期评估急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍的价值。方法以200例急性脑梗死住院患者为研究对象,采用MoCA、MMSE及ERP-P300进行认知功能检测,对比阳性率;再以最敏感量表(MoCA)及临床痴呆评估量表(clinical dementia rating,CDR)为依据分为无认知障碍组(no cognitive impairment,NCI)、无痴呆型认知障碍组(vascular cognitive impairment no dementia,VCIND)和血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VaD),比较3组MoCA、MMSE及ERP-P300的检测结果。结果MoCA及ERP-P300潜伏期的检出率高于MMSE及ERP-P300波幅的检出率(P0.05)。MoCA、MMSE、ERP-P300潜伏期及ERP-P300波幅在3组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在急性脑梗死患者认知功能障碍的早期筛查中,MoCA和ERP-P300潜伏期优于MMSE和ERPP300波幅。     

简易精神状态量表和蒙特利尔认知评测量表对急性期缺血性脑血管病患者认知功能障碍筛查能力的比较研究

目的 比较简易精神状态量表（Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE）和蒙特利尔认知评测量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）对急性期缺血性脑血管病患者认知功能障碍的筛查能力。方法 对筛选的107例发病7 d内的短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）或脑梗死患者应用MMSE及MoCA量表进行认知功能障碍的评测,比较经两量表评测筛查出认知障碍患者的比例。根据患者教育程度对应的MMSE临界值筛选出MMSE评分在正常范围的患者,以MoCA量表评分26分为临界值将受试者分为MoCA评测正常组与异常组,比较两组在各个认知领域的得分。结果 107例患者MMSE平均分25.89±3.65分,MoCA平均分20.67±4.56分。MMSE评测异常者8例（7.5%）,正常者99例（92.5%）。MoCA评测异常者98例（91.6%）,正常者9例（8.4%）。MoCA评测正常者MMSE评测均正常。MMSE评测正常的99例患者中,MoCA评测正常者9例（9.1％,9/99）,评测异常者（<26分）90例（90.9％,90/99）。MoCA评测异常组在视空间与执行能力、命名、延迟记忆等认知领域得分低于MoCA评测正常组（P＜0.05）。结论 MoCA量表在筛查急性缺血性脑血管病患者认知障碍方面可能比MMSE量表更敏感,MMSE正常MoCA评测异常的患者认知损害主要表现在视空间执行功能、命名、延迟记忆等方面。     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在乌鲁木齐维吾尔族人群中应用的初步研究

目的 对维吾尔文版蒙特利尔认知评估量表( MoCA-U)在乌鲁木齐地区维吾尔族人群中应用的信度及效度进行检验,并初步确定该量表筛查维吾尔族认知障碍人群的最佳界值.方法 对英文版MoCA量表进行翻译并修订成维吾尔文版,选择188名50～75岁的维吾尔族研究对象,其中正常对照组80名、轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)组68例、痴呆组40例,分别用MoCA-U、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、临床痴呆量表(CDR)等神经心理学量表进行评估比较.结果 (1)MoCA-U的克朗巴赫α系数为0.801,评定者间一致性组内相关系数为=0.977(95％可信区间;0.949～0.990),重测信度r =0.987(P ＜0.001).(2)正常对照组、MCI组、痴呆组的MoCA-U总分分别为(22.65±2.57)、(18.56±3.08)、(9.43±3.89)分,3组比较差异有统计学意义(F=27.991,P＜0.001);MoCA-U与MMSE、CDR量表总分的相关系数分别为r=0.84(P ＜0.001)和r=-0.77(P ＜0.001).(3)当研究对象受教育年限≤5年时,MoCA-U筛查MCI的最佳界值为20分,此时MoCA-U灵敏度为86.4％,特异度为84.2％;筛查痴呆的最佳界值为13分,此时的灵敏度为94.1％、特异度为100％.受教育年限6～10年时,MoCA-U筛查MCI的最佳界值为21分,灵敏度为84.6％,特异度为94.1％;筛查痴呆的最佳界值为15分,此时的灵敏度为100％,特异度为92.3％.受教育年限≥11年时,MoCA-U筛查MCI的最佳界值为22分,灵敏度为75.8％,特异度为70.5％;筛查痴呆的最佳界值为17分,此时的灵敏度为100％,特异度为84.8％.结论 MoCA-U具有良好的信效度及可行性,适合对乌鲁木齐中老年维吾尔族人群认知功能进行评估;不同受教育程度人群筛查MCI的最佳界值为20～22分,筛查痴呆的最佳界值为13～17分.     

中文版MoCA和MMSE在诊断遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍中的应用

目的 研究中文版蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)在遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)诊断筛查中的作用. 方法 以2009-05-2010-03在卫生部北京医院神经内科门诊就诊的患者为检查对象,筛选出aMCI患者31例及健康对照者30名,分别进行简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、MoCA等量表检测,计算两量表诊断aMCI的敏感性和特异性并进行比较,分析MoCA在诊断aMCI中的作用和特点. 结果 以26分作为分界值时,MMSE和MoCA诊断aMCI的敏感性分别为9.68%和87.10%,特异性分别为93.33%和73.33%.MoCA的敏感性显著高于MMSE. 结论与MMSE 相比,MoCA以其较高的敏感性在筛查aMCI中具有较大作用,而且可对多个认知领域的功能进行检测,有望在多个认知损害类型的研究中起到重要作用.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.