神经导航注册方式对导航精度的影响 (附73例临床分析)

目的探讨不同的导航注册方式对导航精度的影响,提高导航的准确性。方法应用Stealth-Sta-tion神经导航系统切除颅内病变73例,采用经头皮标记物、经体表解剖标记点、激光注册仪注册,计算不同注册方式产生的平均坐标误差(mean fiducial error,MFE)和预期准确性(prodlctra a.curacy,PA),计算不同体位所产生的平均坐标误差(MFE)。结果经激光注册组MFE(0.983±0.081mm)和PA(0.472±0.058)明显小于经头皮标记物和体表解剖标记点注册组(P<0.01),仰卧位及仰卧位头侧下经激光注册组MFE(0.671±0.047mm)明显小于经头皮标记物和体表解剖标记点注册组(P<0.05、P<0.01),侧卧位及俯卧位下经头皮标记物组MFE(1.137±0.077mm)和(1.122±0.069mm)明显小于经体表解剖标记点注册组和经激光注册组(P<0.05)。结论应用激光注册法导航精度高,仰卧位时应选择激光注册法,仰卧头侧位时激光注册法与头皮标记物注册法都可用,而侧卧位和俯卧位时,推荐使用头皮标记物注册法。     

神经导航辅助经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤切除术的术中配合

目的探讨神经导航辅助经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤切除术的术中配合。方法对20例神经导航辅助经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤切除术的术中配合经验进行总结。结果20例中,前5例术前注册时间平均40rain;后15例注册时间平均15min,其中1例注册时间仅10min即完成。有4例由于手术医师使用导航仪不熟练,术中迷路无法辨认鞍底结构,请有经验的医师协助后,在导航仪引导准确定位鞍底后才顺利完成手术。结论神经导航手术能确保经鼻蝶入路切除垂体腺瘤手术的准确定位,避免手术误伤,提高疗效。熟悉导航仪设备和导航工具及导航手术过程,做好充分的术前准备是确保术中良好配合和顺利完成该导航手术的关键。     

神经导航下引导切除颅内海绵状血管瘤

目的 探讨神经导航技术在颅内海绵状血管瘤手术中的应用价值。方法术前对9例脑深部（肼胝体2例，海马4例，额叶2例，顶叶1例）海绵状血管瘤的病 人进行磁共振扫描，数据输入神经导航系统，手术时进行导航注册配准，术中在导航棒引导下找寻病灶并完整切除。结果术中导航注册误差在2mm左右，9例病人均达到全切除，术后未出现并发症。结论神经导航手术有助于脑深部海绵状血管瘤的准确找寻与切除，是一种安全，有效，并发症少的微侵袭手术方法。     

神经导航在脑内小病灶手术中的应用(附25例报道)

目的 探讨神经导航辅助显微手术治疗脑内小病灶的应用价值.方法 用神经导航系统辅助显微外科手术切除25例脑内小病灶.术前将头颅CT或MRI连续薄层扫描所获取的影像资料输入神经导航系统进行三维重建并注册,制定手术计划.术中实时导航指导手术切除范围,分析治疗结果.结果 导航平均注册误差2.12±0.73mm,术中准确定位病灶.病灶全切23例,次全切2例.术后22例病人症状改善或无变化,3例原有神经症状加重或出现新的神经功能损害.结论 神经导航能准确引导切除脑内小病灶,减少手术创伤,提高手术效果,降低死亡率、病残率,在显微神经外科手术中具有重要的临床应用价值.     

高低磁场MRI影像导航在垂体腺瘤手术中的应用及比较

目的探讨术前高低磁场MRI图像进行垂体腺瘤神经导航手术的作用。方法对42例垂体腺瘤患者进行MRI扫描,图像在导航系统工作站三维重建,制定出手术计划,标记重要结构,导航定位并指导手术操作。结果术中神经导航定位精确,注册误差在0～1.9 mm。术后MRI复查肿瘤全切除者34例(80.9%)、次全切除者8例(19.1%)。结论垂体腺瘤行导航手术最适合,高或低磁场MRI提供影像导航无明显差异。     

神经导航辅助锁孔手术切除脑功能区小病灶32例临床分析

目的 探讨应用 Stryker LEIBNGER 神经导航指导锁孔显微手术切除重要功能区小病灶的手术效果和精确性以及提高手术疗效及降低并发症的作用.方法 32例患者应用神经导航辅助锁孔显微手术切除重要功能区小病灶.病变直径0.5～1.8cm.对其注册精度、术中导航精度、手术效果进行分析.结果 神经导航系统平均注册误差0.5mm.术中脑移位的平均水平误差0.8mm,平均垂直误差0.7mm.所有病例均顺利寻找到病灶并作显微镜下全切除.骨窗面积平均为2.5cm×2.5cm.术后神经系统功能保留良好.无严重并发症.无手术死亡.结论 神经导航引导下采用锁孔开颅显微手术切除脑重要功能区小病灶具有定位精确,动态示踪和实时导航,侵袭性小,安全、可靠等特点.     

神经导航在幕上肿瘤锁孔手术的应用(附35例报告)

目的评价神经导航在幕上肿瘤锁孔手术的应用价值。方法分析应用神经导航系统进行幕上肿瘤锁孔手术35例病人的临床资料。结果肿瘤及周围解剖结构定位准确,平均注册误差(2.8 ±0.4)mm。肿瘤全切率85.7%,手术时间和住院日较常规开颅手术缩短。结论①神经导航定位精确,有助于手术计划的精确实施。②导航颅内肿瘤锁孔手术有助于达到微侵袭效果,提高肿瘤全切除率。③摸索了一套减少靶点漂移的经验。     

神经导航辅助显微手术治疗边缘系统胶质瘤(附36例分析)

目的 探讨神经导航辅助显微手术治疗边缘系统胶质瘤的疗效.方法 回顾性分析神经导航辅助显微手术治疗36例边缘系统胶质瘤的临床资料,对神经导航术中应用的优越性、精确性等进行分析.结果 本组神经导航平均注册误差(1.6±0.8)mm,肿瘤和大脑中动脉、基底核等重要解剖结构定位准确.肿瘤全切除30例,部分切除6例.术后神经功能未受明显影响,无手术并发症及死亡.结论 神经导航辅助显微手术治疗边缘系统胶质瘤具有定位准确、可动态示踪、实时导航、侵袭性小和安全可靠等优点,有助于提高肿瘤全切除率及减少手术并发症.是边缘系统胶质瘤治疗的首选方法.     

神经导航融合技术在颅底肿瘤中的应用

目的 探讨神经导航融合技术在颅底肿瘤中的应用。方法 通过术前准备、注册、CT与MRI等影像模式融合、术中导航定位,比较各种注册方法的精确性,融合精确度,术中定位精确性、术中持续精确性,扩大暴露范围等,提出和改进神经导航技术在颅底手术中的应用技术。结果 神经导航用于颅底肿瘤手术切除,术前有助于开颅皮肤切口及骨瓣的设计,选择最短的手术途径;术中可为肿瘤的切除定向定位,在颅底手术中使术者随时了解颅底肿瘤与周围重要解剖结构（如脑干、颅神经及重要血管等的关系）。结论 颅底肿瘤以及颅底结构位置相对固定,影响因素较小,脑移位最小,定位精确,及时反馈肿瘤的切除深度,增加手术的安全性,加快手术进程,避免脑重要结构的副损伤。     

颅内肿瘤的导航手术

目的评价神经导航在颅内肿瘤手术的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我科2003年1月起进行的75例颅内肿瘤导航手术。结果本组颅内肿瘤及其周围解剖结构定位精确,平均注册误差2.4±0.4mm。术后近期(3个月~1年)复查颅脑MR证实肿瘤全切率89.3%,手术并发症6.7%,手术时间和住院日较常规开颅手术有所缩短。结论神经导航定位精确,有助于完善手术策略;实时导航颅内肿瘤手术,有助于提高肿瘤全切率和手术疗效。     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

The organization of the connections between the cortex and the claustrum in the monkey

The distribution of labelled cells and of extracellular granules in the claustrum has been studied after injections of horseradish peroxidase in several areas of the neocortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are related to the anterior and posterior halves respectively of the claustrum, and the occipital and temporal cortex to the posterior and inferior margins. Parts of the claustrum related to areas of the cortex in the frontal lobe overlap considerably in the antero-posterior dimension with parts related to widely separated but interconnected areas of the parieto-temporal cortex. Areas of cortex within one lobe which are interconnected are related to parts of the claustrum which overlap in the dorsoventral dimension.     

Investigating the construct validity of the SPAI-C: comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the SPAI-C and the SAS-A

Investigates the construct validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) by comparing its sensitivity and specificity with another self-report measure of social anxiety, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). Participants were 252 adolescents (124 males and 128 females) 13-17 years old. Adolescents completed the SPAI-C and the SAS-A and were interviewed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child Version (ADIS-IV:C). Parents were also interviewed and composite diagnoses were formed. Youth were classified as socially phobic or non-anxious based on these composite diagnoses. By comparing clinical cutoff scores with diagnostic group classification, the sensitivity and the specificity of the SPAI-C and SAS-A were compared. Results indicated that the SPAI-C was a more sensitive measure than the SAS-A (61.5% vs. 43.6%) providing evidence of the scale's construct validity. The two measures were similar with regard to specificity (82.7% for both). Implications of these results for assessment and research are discussed.