HPLC同时测定三叶青中5种黄酮类成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC同时测定三叶青中5个黄酮类化合物芦丁、异槲皮苷、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山奈酚的含量。方法 Agilent ZORBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为360 nm,柱温为35℃。结果 芦丁、异槲皮苷、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山奈酚分别在0.087 8~0.878 μg、0.069 6~0.696 μg、0.162 9~1.629 μg、0.002 7~0.027 μg、0.007 23~0.072 3 μg内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r ≥ 0.999 7;平均加样回收率分别为97.44%,96.88%,97.00%,96.42%,96.24%。结论 该方法简便、高效,可作为三叶青的质量控制提供参考。     

银杏叶中的黄酮醇苷类成分

目的　对银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）叶的化学成分进行分离、鉴定。方法　采用各种色谱技术进行分离,用IR,UV,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR和2DNMR光谱技术确定化合物的结构。结果　分得8个黄酮醇苷类成分：槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡糖苷（1）,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡糖苷（2）,芦丁（3）,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷（4）,异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷（5）,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1-2)-α-L-鼠李糖苷（6）,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1-2)-α-L-鼠李糖苷（7）,异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1-2)-α-L-鼠李糖苷（8）。结论　化合物8为新化合物。     

畲药食凉茶HPLC特征图谱和4种成分含量测定

目的 采用HPLC建立畲药食凉茶的特征图谱,并同时测定4种成分的含量。方法 以芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山柰素为对照品;采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,柱温30 ℃;乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长360 nm。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对结果进行分析。结果 建立了食凉茶的特征图谱,确定5个共有峰。芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山柰素的线性范围分别为4.525~452.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,8.096~809.6 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,0.654~85.15 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,2.048~ 136.6 μg·mL^-1 （r=1.000 0）;平均加样回收率分别为100.51%（n=6,RSD=0.43%）,100.19%（n=6,RSD=0.88%）,99.98%（n=6,RSD=0.77%）,100.26%（n=6,RSD=0.69%）。结论 所建立的特征图谱相关性强,可结合4种成分含量测定全面控制畲药食凉茶的质量,为其规范使用提供科学依据。     

金沙藤对照提取物的质量控制研究

目的 建立基于多指标含量测定及特征图谱的金沙藤Lygodii Herba对照提取物的质量控制方法。方法 采用Waterssymmetry shield^TM RP18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以乙腈为流动相A、0.4%磷酸为流动相B,梯度洗脱（0～40 min：90%～75% B,40～45 min：75%～60% B,45 ～ 50 min ： 60%～ 10% B ）,柱温30℃,体积流量为1 mL·min^-1,检测波长为354 nm;测定3批次金沙藤对照提取物中咖啡酸、异槲皮苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷和紫云英苷的含量;建立特征图谱方法,并对3批次提取物特征峰进行指认;同时考察引湿性和水分含量。结果 咖啡酸、异槲皮苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷和紫云英苷各化合物在检测质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（r＞0.999 9）,进样精密度RSD在0.2%～0.3%,重复性RSD在0.4%～0.5%,4种成分的加样回收率在92.5%～101.0%,样品溶液中各成分在48 h内稳定性良好。3批次对照提取物中,咖啡酸质量分数为0.50%～0.64%,异槲皮苷质量分数为0.14%～0.21%,山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷质量分数为0.11%～0.36%,紫云英苷质量分数为0.66%～0.80%。通过建立的提取物HPLC特征图谱,确定了4个共有特征峰,并根据对照品对色谱峰进行确认,3批次提取物质量差异较小。金沙藤对照提取物水分含量为1.4%～2.3%,具引湿性。结论 建立的多指标含量测定方法和特征图谱方法简便、快速、准确性高、重复性好,可用于金沙藤对照提取物的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定金钱草中紫云英苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素

目的 建立HPLC-UV法测定金钱草中紫云英苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素。方法 采用Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm，3.5 μm），流动相为甲醇–0.4%磷酸水，梯度洗脱，检测波长360 nm，体积流量0.5 mL/min，柱温30 ℃，进样量10 μL。结果 紫云英苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素分别在22.10～176.80、21.14～169.12、17.40～174.00、51.12～408.96、23.30～186.40 μg/mL呈现良好线性关系（R²＞0.999 1）；平均加样回收率分别为99.50%、100.39%、99.93%、105.58%、98.96%，RSD值分别为1.07%、1.44%、0.57%、0.24%、0.65%（n＝6）。结论 方法的重复性好，操作简单，结果准确，可以用来控制金钱草药材及其制剂的质量。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定不同银杏叶制剂中13个黄酮类成分

目的 运用超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱（HPLC-QQQ）建立一种能够同时测定银杏叶制剂中13个黄酮类成分的分析方法。方法 采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈色谱柱（50 mm×3.0 mm,2.7 μm）,以0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量0.3 mL/min,柱温30℃。在电喷雾离子化负离子模式下离子化,以多反应监测方式（MRM）检测。结果 13种黄酮类成分芦丁、异槲皮苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基（1→2）-α-L-鼠李糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、水仙苷、槲皮苷、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、槲皮素、芹菜素、山柰酚、异鼠李素、芫花素的分离度良好,在各自的质量浓度范围内的线性关系良好（r=0.999 0）,且精密度试验、重复性试验的RSD值均小于3.5%,供试品溶液在12 h内稳定性好,各成分的平均回收率在94.5%~100.5%。不同批次样品之间,总黄酮含量相差不大;各批次的银杏黄酮类成分含量均不相同,差异较大,其中黄酮苷类化合物所占比例相对较大,芦丁、水仙苷含量均较单糖（异槲皮苷、槲皮苷）含量高,芫花素、木犀草素等黄酮苷元含量最低。结论 方法分离度好、操作简便、专属性强,能够明确反映出银杏叶提取物中13个黄酮类成分的分布和差异,可用于银杏叶提取物制剂的质量控制。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定防暑清热饮中5种活性成分的含量

目的 建立RP-HPLC法同时测定防暑清热饮中绿原酸、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、蒙花苷和广藿香酮含量的方法。方法 采用ZORBAX-SB-C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以0.2%磷酸溶液（A）-乙腈（B）梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为327 nm,柱温为30 ℃。结果 绿原酸、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、蒙花苷和广藿香酮线性关系良好（r≥0.999 6）,平均加样回收率（RSD）分别为102.03%（1.63%）、102.38%（1.51%）、102.39%（1.23%）、103.14%（1.87%）和104.01%（2.33%）。结论 本实验建立的测定方法简单、准确、重复性好,能够有效控制该制剂的质量。     

畲药树参茎化学成分分析及抗炎活性部位高效液相指纹图谱的建立

目的 对畲药树参茎所含化学成分进行确证分析，并建立抗炎活性部位的高效液相色谱指纹图谱。方法 采用液相色谱-质谱联用、核磁共振波谱仪等分析仪器分离鉴定树参茎中的化学成分；采用高效液相色谱法建立抗炎活性部位指纹图谱：色谱柱为Waters Sunfire^TM C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm)，流动相为乙腈-混合水溶液(含甲酸0.2%和四氢呋喃0.2%)，梯度洗脱。检测波长为256 nm，柱温30 ℃，体积流量为1.0 mL·mim^–1，分析时间为80 min，进样量为5 μL。结果 从树参茎中共分离鉴定出10个化合物，分别是绿原酸(1)、3,4-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸(2)、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸(3)、4,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸(4)、saikolignanoside A(5)、芦丁(6)、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(7)、紫丁香苷(8)、松柏醇(9)、芥子醛葡萄糖苷(10)；12批样品抗炎活性部位指纹图谱相似度为0.901~0.992，均符合要求。结论 树参茎中主要含有酚酸类、黄酮类、苯丙素类化合物；建立的指纹图谱不仅能体现树参茎抗炎的化学物质基础，而且鉴别方法简便、重复性好，可为树参茎的品质评价及主要抗炎活性成分的确证提供科学依据。     

HPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术在预知子配方颗粒指纹图谱建立和化学成分归属中的应用

目的 建立预知子配方颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱，并使用Q-TOF-MS技术鉴定共有峰成分。方法 采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×50 mm，2.7 mm），以乙腈-0.05%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，检测波长210 nm，柱温30℃，流速0.5 mL·min^-1。采用相似度分析软件对指纹图谱进行分析。以标准物质和文献数据为参照，使用Q-TOF-MS负离子检测模式对特征峰进行质谱分析并指认。结果 建立了预知子配方颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱，以4，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸峰为参照峰，标定了14个共有峰，样品间相似度范围为0.943~0.994，样品与对照指纹图谱相似度范围为0.976~0.988。使用Q-TOF-MS对共有峰进行了指认，确定了8个峰成分，分别为新绿原酸、绿原酸、木通苯乙醇苷B、3，4-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、4，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、川续断皂苷Ⅵ、α-常春藤皂苷。结论 该方法灵敏、准确、可靠，可用于预知子配方颗粒的质量评价。     

阿尔泰锦鸡儿不同药用部位主要黄酮苷的含量测定

目的 测定采集于新疆阿勒泰地区的10批次阿尔泰锦鸡儿根、茎、叶、花与果实药材中芦丁和山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷的含量。方法 色谱条件：Inertsil ODS-3色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,检测波长254 nm,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,进样量5 μL,柱温25℃,流动相为0.2%磷酸（A）-乙腈（B）,线性梯度洗脱（0~5 min,10%→14% B;5~10 min,14%→17% B;10~16 min,17%→20% B;16~21 min,20%→22% B;21~30 min,22%→25% B;30~40 min,25% B）。结果 10批次阿尔泰锦鸡儿叶、花与果实药材中芦丁的平均含量为：果实6.83 mg·g^-1,叶6.16 mg·g^-1,花3.58 mg·g^-1;山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷的平均含量为：果实1.48 mg·g^-1,叶2.44 mg·g^-1,花1.01 mg·g^-1。根与茎供试品溶液中均未检测到这2种黄酮苷成分。结论 建立的方法简便、稳定性、重复性良好,为阿尔泰锦鸡儿药材黄酮类成分的研究提供了实验基础,亦为建立该药材的质量标准提供了重要的实验数据。     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30 ℃,洗脱时间为80 min。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对检测出色谱进行指纹图谱相似度评价。结果 建立了鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,15个峰归属到各药材,其中5个峰确认了化学成分;10批样品的指纹图谱的整体相似度与对照图谱比较,均在90%以上。结论 所建立的鼻渊净胶囊指纹图谱有助于从整体上控制该制剂的质量。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

Reassessment of the toxin profile of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 and function of putative sulfotransferases in synthesis of sulfated and sulfonated PSP toxins

The toxigenic freshwater cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 has been used as a model to study and elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydropurine neurotoxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). There are nevertheless several inconsistencies and contradictions in the toxin profile of this strain as published by different research groups, and claimed to include carbamoyl (STX, NEO, GTX2/3), decarbamoyl (dcSTX), and N-sulfocarbamoyl (C1/2, B1) derivatives. Our analysis of the complete genome of another PSP toxin-producing cyanobacterium, Raphidiopsis brookii D9, which is closely related to C. raciborskii T3, resolved many issues regarding the correlation between biosynthetic pathways, corresponding genes and the T3 toxin profile. The putative sxt gene cluster in R. brookii D9 has a high synteny with the T3 sxt cluster, with 100% nucleotide identity among the shared genes. We also compared the PSP toxin profile of the strains by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In contrast to published reports, our reassessment of the PSP toxin profile of T3 confirmed production of only STX, NEO and dcNEO. We gained significant insights via correlation between specific sxt genes and their role in PSP toxin synthesis in both D9 and T3 strains. In particular, analysis of sulfotransferase functions for SxtN (N-sulfotransferase) and SxtSUL (O-sulfotransferase) enzymes allowed us to propose an extension of the PSP toxin biosynthetic pathway from STX to the production of the derivatives GTX2/3, C1/2 and B1. This is a significantly revised view of the genetic mechanisms underlying synthesis of sulfated and sulfonated STX analogues in toxigenic cyanobacteria.     

银杏叶提取物与刺梨配伍抗实验性肝损伤作用

目的：比较复方银杏叶胶囊（CGB）与单方银杏叶提取物（GBE）的保肝作用。方法：用CGB、GBE给小鼠灌胃30d后,腹腔注射CCl4诱发肝损伤,测定小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）及肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量;用H2O2诱导人肝L-02细胞氧化损伤,观察细胞增殖及总抗氧化能力。结果：CGB2．4、0．8和0．4g／kg3个剂量组与模型组比较,小鼠血清ALT、AST明显降低（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,同时肝匀浆中SOD显著升高、MDA下降（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;CGB组细胞增殖率和总抗氧化能力分别较模型组和单方组显著提高（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。结论：CGB的抗肝损伤作用优于单方银杏叶提取物。     

Chemopreventive effect of celecoxib in gastric cancer

COX (cyclooxygenase) is one of the key enzymes involved in the synthesis of a variety of prostaglandins (PGs), some of which have been strongly linked to inflammation. One of its two well-known isoforms, COX-2, is an inducible enzyme whose induction and expression is dynamically regulated by growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Several animal and clinical studies have reported the chemopreventive effect of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor; and in particular, a few studies have shown that celecoxib prevents the development of gastric cancer. Administration of celecoxib also showed increases in cardiovascular risk and disruption of renal physiology. Therefore, studies hoping to clarify how selective COX-2 inhibitors modulate gastric cancer must keep in mind that coxibs have also been linked to serious cardiovascular events and disruption of renal physiology. Received 12 July 2006; accepted 21 August 2006     

Effect of bay K 8644, a calcium channel agonist,on dog cardiac muscarinic receptors

To investigate further whether the effects of the dihydropyridine (DHP) drugs on calcium channels are related to those of these drugs on muscarinic receptors, the binding characteristics of the DHP calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644, on muscarinic receptors and calcium channels were compared to those of the DHP calcium channel antagonists, nicardipine and nimodipine in the dog cardiac sarcolemma. Bay K 8644, nicardipine and nimodipine inhibited the specific [³H]QNB binding with K _i values of 16.7μM, 3.5μM and 15.5μM respectively. Saturation data of [³H]QNB binding in the presence of these DHP drugs showed this inhibition to be competitive. Bay K 8644, like nicardipine and nimodipine, blocked the binding of [³H]nitrendipine to the high affinity DHP binding sites, but atropine did not, indicating that the muscarinic receptors and the DHP binding sites on calcium channels are distinct. The K _i value of Bay K 8644 for the DHP binding sites was 4 nM. Nicardipine and nimodipine (K _i :0.1–0.2 nM) were at least 20 times more potent than Bay K 8644 in inhibiting [³H]nitrendipine binding. Thus, the muscarinic receptors were about 4000 times less sensitive than these high affinity DHP binding sites to Bay K 8644. These results suggest that the DHP calcium agonist Bay K 8644 binds directly to the muscarinic receptors but its interaction with the muscarinic receptors is not related to its binding to the DHP binding sites on calcium channels.     

2017—2020年克拉玛依市中心医院抗菌药物使用强度与分离菌耐药性变化情况

目的 分析克拉玛依市中心医院2017—2020年住院患者常见分离菌分布及耐药率的变迁情况,为指导抗菌药物临床合理应用提供依据。方法 收集2017—2020年克拉玛依市中心医院住院患者抗菌药物使用情况及分离菌,分析主要分离菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药率变化趋势。结果 2017—2019克拉玛依市中心医院抗菌药物使用率和使用强度呈下降趋势,4年共有分离菌12 135株,其中革兰阳性菌2 567株,占21.15%;革兰阴性菌6 310株,占52.00%;真菌3 258株,占26.85%。居前5位的分离菌分别是白色假丝酵母菌（19.59%）、大肠埃希菌（16.84%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（13.33%）、鲍曼不动杆菌（8.71%）和铜绿假单胞菌（7.94%）。主要分离菌对常用抗菌药物耐药率总体呈下降趋势,肠杆菌科细菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药性下降最明显。结论 克拉玛依市中心医院分离菌逐年增加,耐药率有下降趋势,抗菌药物临床应用基本合理,但需完善真菌检测能力。