小剂量氯胺酮对瑞芬太尼麻醉后切口疼痛的影响

目的：观察不同剂量氯胺酮对瑞芬太尼麻醉后手术切口疼痛的影响。方法：选择年龄18-60岁,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,拟在全身麻醉下实行腹部手术的患者80例。随机分为4组,于麻醉诱导前分别静脉注射生理盐水5ml（Ⅰ组）、氯胺酮0.25mg·kg^-1（Ⅱ组）、0.50mg·kg^-1（Ⅲ组）、0.75mg·kg^-1（Ⅳ组）（稀释为5ml）。记录患者清醒拔管时、术后1h、2h、4h、6h、24h切口疼痛VAS（visual analogue scale/Score）评分,麻醉药的用量、麻醉时间、麻醉清醒时间,术后病人头疼、恶心、呕吐的发生情况。结果：Ⅳ组病人在拔管时、术后4h、6h、24h的VAS评分低于对照组（P〈0.05）,术后1h、2h的VAS评分与对照组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;Ⅳ组病人术后6h的VAS评分低于Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）,术后24h的VAS评分低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0.05）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组组间各观察时点的VAS评分无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。麻醉药用量、麻醉时间、麻醉清醒时间,术后头疼、恶心、呕吐各组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：全麻诱导前静注0.75mg·kg^-1氯胺酮可降低瑞芬太尼使用后的痛觉过敏,而0.25mg·kg^-1、0.50mg·kg^-1氯胺酮对此没有显著影响。     

纳布啡联合舒芬太尼在老年全髋关节置换术后静脉自控镇痛中的应用

目的探讨纳布啡联合舒芬太尼在老年全髋关节置换术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)中的应用效果。方法选取2015年4月至2017年2月许昌市中心医院收治的90例行全髋关节置换术的老年患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组,每组30例。Ⅰ组接受纳布啡麻醉,Ⅱ组接受舒芬太尼麻醉,Ⅲ组接受纳布啡+舒芬太尼麻醉。观察3组患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、Ramsay镇静评分、镇痛满意度及术后不良反应发生情况。结果术后1、4、12、24 h,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组VAS评分均低于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);术后1、4、12 h,Ⅰ、Ⅲ组Ramsay评分均高于Ⅱ组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);Ⅲ组镇痛满意度均高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);Ⅲ组不良反应发生率均低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论纳布啡联合舒芬太尼应用于老年全髋关节置换术后PCIA中效果显著,可提高镇痛、镇静效果及镇痛满意度,安全性高,具有较高的临床价值。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼联合右美托咪定对重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者术后镇痛镇静效果观察

目的评价不同剂量舒芬太尼联合右美托咪定对重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)患者术后镇痛镇静的效果及安全性。方法选择河南大学第一附属医院2013年9月至2017年9月128例择期行悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)的重度OSAHS患者为研究对象,将所有患者分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,每组32例。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者术后镇痛药物分别为舒芬太尼3.0μg·kg~(-1)、舒芬太尼1.0μg·kg~(-1)+右美托咪定1.5μg·kg~(-1)、舒芬太尼2.0μg·kg~(-1)+右美托咪定1.5μg·kg~(-1)、舒芬太尼3.0μg·kg~(-1)+右美托咪定1.5μg·kg~(-1)。比较4组患者术中一般情况及术后1、6、12、24、48 h吞咽疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Ramsay镇静评分、术后48 h内镇痛泵按压次数,并观察4组患者术后头晕、呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生情况。结果 4组患者麻醉时间、手术时间、失血量、输液量及尿量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者术后1、6、12 h疼痛VAS评分均显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ramsay镇静评分均显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),术后24、48 h疼痛VAS评分及Ramsay镇静评分与Ⅱ组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者术后各时间点疼痛VAS评分及Ramsay镇静评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后48 h内,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者镇痛泵按压次数均显著少于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者镇痛泵按压次数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者不良反应发生率分别为84.4%(27/32)、9.4%(3/32)、15.6%(5/32)、50.0%(16/32),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者不良反应发生率均显著低于Ⅰ组(χ~2=36.141、30.257、8.582,P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者不良反应发生率显著低于Ⅳ组(χ~2=12.655、8.582,P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.142,P>0.05)。结论重度OSAHS患者UPPP术后应用舒芬太尼2.0μg·kg~(-1)联合右美托咪定1.5μg·kg~(-1)具有较好的镇痛镇静效果,且不良反应发生率低。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼用于胸科手术患者全麻维持的麻醉效果观察

目的:观察不同剂量舒芬太尼用于胸科手术患者全麻维持的麻醉效果。方法:回顾性分析行胸科手术治疗的132例患者临床资料,按照手术时间先后顺序分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,每组各33例。4组患者采用芬太尼和不同剂量的舒芬太尼维持麻醉,即Ⅰ组患者采用3μg/(kg·h)芬太尼维持麻醉;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者采用不同剂量的舒芬太尼维持麻醉:Ⅱ组患者0.3μg/(kg·h);Ⅲ组患者0.43μg/(kg·h);Ⅳ组患者0.6μg/(kg·h)。观察并对比4组患者不同时间点HR、MAP变化,综合指标及不良反应。结果:4组患者的不同时间点HR、MAP均较基础值发生明显变化(P<0.05),其中Ⅱ组患者各时间点MAP与基础值比较,显示高度差别(P<0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者各时间点HR、MAP与基础值比较,均显示高度差别(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者的拔管时间、苏醒时间、恢复自主呼吸时间全部短于Ⅰ组,且术后VAS评分显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05,P<0.01);另外,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组患者术后躁动等不良反应发生率全部比Ⅰ组低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:不同剂量舒芬太尼用于胸科手术患者全麻维持的麻醉效果也不尽相同,其中0.6μg/(kg·h)舒芬太尼效果最佳。     

艾司洛尔防治瑞芬太尼麻醉后痛觉过敏的疗效

目的:观察艾司洛尔术中持续输注对防治瑞芬太尼引起术后痛觉过敏的疗效。方法:选取60例腹腔镜胆囊手术患者,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,随机分为A组(瑞芬太尼)、B组(瑞芬太尼+艾司洛尔),每组各30例,B组手术中持续输注艾司洛尔(5~15μg/kg/min),根据循环变化调整剂量,术前指导患者掌握疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)。记录患者术前、苏醒即刻、苏醒后30分钟的VAS评分。结果:苏醒即刻,两组VAS评分均较术前显著增加(P<0.05);B组与A组同时点对比,B组显著低于A组(P<0.01)。结论:术中持续输注艾司洛尔能缓解瑞芬太尼引起的术后痛觉过敏。     

瑞芬太尼联合氯诺昔康用于全麻患者苏醒期清醒无痛拔管

目的研究瑞芬太尼、氯诺昔康单独或联合应用于全麻患者能否在苏醒期清醒、无痛拔管。方法选取颌面部手术患者60例，美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，随机分为4组（n＝15）。Ⅰ组，术毕停用瑞芬太尼；Ⅱ组，术毕瑞芬太尼减量至0.05μg/(kg·min)，拔管后即停药；Ⅲ组，诱导前20min、术毕前30min分别静注氯诺昔康8mg，瑞芬太尼术毕即停药；Ⅳ组，诱导前20min、术毕前30min分别静注氯诺昔康8mg，术毕瑞芬太尼减量至0.05μg/(kg·min)，拔管后即停药。观察记录患者苏醒期有无呛咳、躁动，呼唤睁眼时间、拔管时间，术毕、拔管即刻、拔管后5、10min血压（BP）、心率（HR），拔管后5、10min疼痛评分采用语言评价量表（VRS）。结果Ⅱ、Ⅳ组患者呛咳发生率均明显低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05），睁眼时间和拔管时间均比Ⅰ组稍延长（P＜0.05）。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组拔管即刻、拔管后5min BP和HR均低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组在拔管后10min BP和HR仍低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），Ⅳ组患者各时间点的BP、HR无明显差异（P＞0.05）。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组拔管后5min VRS评分均低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）。Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组拔管后10?min VRS评分低于Ⅰ组或Ⅱ组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论瑞芬太尼或氯诺昔康单独应用均可降低全麻苏醒期不良反应；二者联合应用可在患者清醒、无痛条件下安全拔管。     

舒芬太尼复合布托啡诺用于开胸手术后静脉镇痛的临床观察

目的：观察舒芬太尼复合布托啡诺的镇痛效果及不良反应,以寻求一种安全有效的开胸术后静脉镇痛配方。方法：将80例行择期开胸手术术后应用静脉自控镇痛治疗的患者,随机分为4组,每组20例。Ⅰ组舒芬太尼150μg,Ⅱ组布托啡诺12mg,Ⅲ组舒芬太尼100μg＋布托啡诺4mg,Ⅳ组舒芬太尼50μg＋布托啡诺8mg。4组分别加生理盐水至100ml。在PCIA开始后4、8、16、24、48h观察并记录镇痛（VAS评分）和镇静（Ramsay评分）效果,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果：Ⅱ组各时点VAS评分和PCA需求次数普遍高于其它3组（P〈0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Ⅱ组16h内Ramsay评分显著高于其它3组（P〈0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。24h后,4组Ramsay评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Ⅰ组在8～16h恶心评分和呕吐评分显著高于其它3组（P〈0.05）。结论：舒芬太尼与布托啡诺联合应用是一种理想的术后镇痛方法。     

舒芬太尼用于骨科手术病人超前镇痛的观察

目的 观察骨科手术病人不同时机舒芬太尼病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)术后镇痛的效果及不良反应,以探讨舒芬太尼超前镇痛的有效性和安全性.方法 择期骨科全麻术后舒芬太尼PCIA病人60例,随机平均分为3组:超前镇痛Ⅰ组(P Ⅰ组),麻醉诱导前5 min静注舒芬太尼0.08 μg/kg,手术结束前30 min开始PCIA;超前镇痛Ⅱ组(PⅡ组),手术结束前30 min开始PCIA;对照组(C组),手术结束拔管后开始PCIA.记录术后1,4,24和48 h的疼痛评分、镇静评分、舒芬太尼用量、病人自控镇痛(PCA)总按压次数、PCA有效按压次数、并发症和病人满意度等.结果 术后1 h,P Ⅰ组和PⅡ组疼痛评分明显低于C组(P<0.05),P Ⅰ组镇静评分明显高于C组(P<0.05).舒芬太尼用量P Ⅰ组、PⅡ组、C组依次增多,PCA总按压次数P Ⅰ组少于PⅡ组和C组(P<0.05),P Ⅰ组腹胀和尿潴留发生率低于C组(P<0.05).术后72 h病人满意率PⅠ组明显高于C组(P<0.05).结论 麻醉诱导前5 min静注舒芬太尼0.08μg/kg、手术结束前30 min开始舒芬太尼PCIA的超前镇痛与术后开始的PCIA相比,镇痛效果更好,药物用量和不良反应明显减少.     

部分喉切除术患者使用羟考酮与吗啡静脉自控镇痛的有效性和安全性比较

目的 比较羟考酮与吗啡用于部分喉切除术后患者自控镇痛(PCA)的有效性和安全性。方法 选择2016年2月—2020年12月间在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院择期行全身麻醉下部分喉切除术的男性喉癌患者100例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为羟考酮组和吗啡组,每组各50例。羟考酮组术后行羟考酮配置的PCA,吗啡组术后行吗啡配置的PCA。PCA设置为药物浓度0.5 mg/mL,背景剂量0.1 mL/h,单次量为3 mL,时间间隔10 min。记录患者术后苏醒即刻,术后30 min,术后2、4、12、24 h静息和吞咽时的疼痛VAS评分,术后24 h内患者的PCA药物使用量、不良反应(恶心、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留)发生情况,术日夜间睡眠质量,术后24 h内镇痛治疗满意率。结果 两组间患者的年龄、体重、BMI、手术时间、术中失血量、术中补液量的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。两组术后苏醒即刻的疼痛VAS评分均为1(1.0,1.0)分。羟考酮组患者术后30 min和术后2、4、12、24 h吞咽时疼痛VAS评分均显著低于吗啡组同时间点(P值均<0.05);两组间术后各时间点静息时疼痛VAS评...     

帕瑞昔布钠联合舒芬太尼用于全膝关节置换术后镇痛的临床研究

目的 观察帕瑞昔布钠联合舒芬太尼在全膝关节置换术后镇痛中的应用效果.方法 60例择期全麻下行人工全膝关节置换术患者,随机分为三组:舒芬太尼2 μg/kg组(Ⅰ组),舒芬太尼2.5 μg/kg组(Ⅱ),舒芬太尼2 μg/kg+帕瑞昔布钠组(Ⅲ组).记录术后2 h(T1)、6 h(T2)、12 h(T3)、24 h(T4)、36 h(T5)和48 h(T6)患者静止和运动VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分、PCA按压次数、舒芬太尼用量、患者满意度及不良反应.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅲ组T4～T6静止VAS评分降低,T3～T6运动VAS评分降低(P<0.05);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组T4～T6静止VAS评分降低,T3～T4运动VAS评分降低(P<0.05).T3～T6 Ⅲ组PCA按压次数少于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组;Ⅱ组术后各时点舒芬太尼用量高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05).Ⅱ组恶心呕吐的发生率高于Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05).Ⅲ组患者满意程度高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠联合舒芬太尼用于患者膝关节置换术后镇痛,效果确切,优于单独应用舒芬太尼.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.