黄芩素固体分散体的制备及大鼠体内生物利用度

目的:制备黄芩素-PVP K30固体分散体,考察其物相及大鼠体内生物利用度.方法:采用溶剂法制备黄芩素-PVP K30固体分散体:利用溶出度法、扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热、粉末x射线衍射、红外光谱等方法分析药物在载体中的存在状态;采用HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中药物浓度,与原料药比较,对黄芩素-PVP K30固体分散体进行大鼠体内生物利用度评价.结果:物相分析结果表明,当药物与载体比例为1:2时,固体分散体中黄芩素以非结晶态无定形存在,且与载体有氢键作用.大鼠体内血药浓度-时间曲线表明,与原料药相比,黄芩素固体分散体达峰时间(tmax)缩短,达峰浓度(Cmax)提高,相对生物利用度为164%.结论:采用溶剂法制备黄芩素-PVP K30固体分散体,黄芩素以无定形存在,其体外溶出速率和大鼠体内吸收均有显著性提高.     

野黄芩甙的解热作用研究

目的：野黄芩甙是半枝莲的主要成分，半枝莲水煎剂对大鼠发热有明显的解热作用。为了证实野黄芩甙是否是半枝莲解热的主要成分，对野黄芩甙的解热作用进行实验研究。方法：Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠背部皮下注射１０％干酵母混悬液制备大鼠发热模型。选取体温上升１℃以上的大鼠７０只，随机分为野黄芩甙１２．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、２５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１组，阿斯匹林１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、黄芩甙２５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１和盐水对照组。均腹腔注射给药。药后每小时测量体温１次，连续６次。结果：野黄芩甙ｉｐ给药，对正常大鼠的体温无明显影响，用药前后体温变化差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。但对发热大鼠有明显的解热作用，用药前后体温变化差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），并有明显的剂量依赖关系。野黄芩甙的解热作用持续４ｈ。野黄芩甙的解热作用强于阿斯匹林。结论：野黄芩甙是半枝莲的主要成分，其解热作用与半枝莲相似，表明野黄芩甙是半枝莲解热作用的主要成分。     

HPLC法同时测定灌胃黄芩水煎剂后大鼠血浆中黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的质量浓度及药动学研究

目的建立大鼠ig黄芩水煎剂后血浆中黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的HPLC测定方法及药动学研究。方法大鼠ig黄芩水煎剂后,不同时间眼底静脉丛取血,制备血浆。血浆样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白,HPLC-UV测定血药浓度。色谱柱为Shim-packODS(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相采用梯度洗脱,体积流量:1.5mL/min;检测波长:276nm。结果黄芩苷的线性范围为0.156~10μg/mL,汉黄芩苷的线性范围为0.109~7μg/mL,定量下限(LLOQ)分别为0.156和0.109μg/mL,日内和日间精密度(RSD)均小于15%,准确度(RE)为-6.82%~3.26%。大鼠ig黄芩水煎剂后,血浆中黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷血药浓度-时间曲线均存在双峰:黄芩苷的tmax1和tmax2分别为(12.0±4.5)min和(7.2±1.79)h;Cmax1和Cmax2分别为(5.29±1.96)和(4.49±2.12)μg/mL,汉黄芩苷的tmax1和tmax2分别为(14.0±9.0)min和(6.8±1.1)h;Cmax1和Cmax2分别为(1.38±0.16)和(1.62±0.71)μg/mL;黄芩苷的CL/F为(4.72±1.68)L/h,汉黄芩苷的CL/F为(3.04±0.98)L/h。结论该方法经考察符合生物样品的测定要求,可应用于大鼠体内黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷血药浓度的测定和药动学研究。大鼠ig黄芩水煎剂后血浆中黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷质量浓度存在双峰现象,黄芩苷的口服清除率大于汉黄芩苷。     

黄芩甙对离体豚鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 :观察黄芩甙对缺血再灌注离体豚鼠心脏的保护作用。方法 :豚鼠心脏按Lan gendorff灌注 10min ,夹闭 3 5min ,再灌注 3 0min ,期间实时测定血流动力学指标左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室收缩压最大变化速度 (dp/dtmax)、左室舒张末期压 (LVEDP)、左室舒张压最大下降速度 (-dp/dtmax)。实验结束后 ,测定心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活力及脂质过氧化物产物丙二醛 (MDA)含量。结果 :黄芩甙 5mg·L-1、2 .5mg·L-1组均能对抗缺血再灌注对心功能造成的影响 ,增强心肌收缩性能和舒张性能 (与缺血再灌注组比较 ,P <0 .0 1) ,SOD活力高于缺血再灌注组 (P <0 .0 1) ,MDA含量低于缺血再灌注组 (P <0 .0 1)。两个剂量间有一定剂量依赖关系。结论 :黄芩甙可降低心肌脂质过氧化反应 ,对离体豚鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用     

双波长分光光度法测定双黄连注射液中黄芩甙的含量

本文介绍了用双波长分光光度法测定双黄连注射液中黄芩甙的含量。测定波长为275nm,参比波长为335nm,ΔA与黄芩甙的浓度呈线性关系,回归方程式为:μg/ml=28.725·ΔA-0.4489,r=0.9994,平均回收率为100%±0.9,用本法测定检品10批。平均含黄芩甙3.0mg/ml。此法不经分离测定了黄芩甙的含量,方法简便,准确,可作医院内部控制含量指标使用。     

黄芩素对多发性骨髓瘤细胞系凋亡及Cereblon基因和蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察黄芩素对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞系凋亡及Cereblon(CRBN)基因和蛋白表达的影响,探讨CRBN在黄芩素诱导MM细胞凋亡中的作用.方法 应用Annexin-V染色,流式细胞术分析黄芩素和黄芩素联合来那度胺对MM细胞系凋亡的作用;应用RT-PCR技术检测MM细胞系CRBN基因的表达;应用蛋白印迹检测MM细胞系CRBN蛋白的表达,并设置空白对照.结果 黄芩素能够诱导U266细胞凋亡,在黄芩素浓度为40μmol/L时,随着处理细胞时间的延长(24、48、72 h),凋亡率分别为6.11%、11.9%、16.7%;在处理RPMI 8226细胞72 h后,与单用黄芩素或来那度胺相比,黄芩素(40μmol/L)与来那度胺(40μmol/L)联合应用,对MM细胞系的増殖具有更强的抑制作用,来那度胺诱导的细胞凋亡率为4.27%,黄芩素诱导的细胞凋亡率为15.9%,两者联合应用,细胞凋亡率为57.5%;RT-PCR检测结果显示:黄芩素能诱导U266细胞CRBN基因表达,且呈浓度和时间依赖性,在24 h时,与对照组相比,黄芩素浓度分别为10、20和40μmol/L时,CRBN基因的上调倍数分别为(2.246±0.068)、(2.399±0.178)和(3.591±0.061)(P值分别为0.003、0.009和0.001);在浓度为40μmol/L时,与对照组相比,黄芩素在不同的作用时间(6、12和24 h),诱导CRBN上调倍数分别为(2.372±0.079)、(2.494±0.189)和(3.228±0.151)倍(P值分别为0.002、0.008和0.002);蛋白印迹结果表明,黄芩素还能诱导U266和RPMI 8226两细胞系CRBN蛋白的表达.结论 黄芩素通过上调CRBN的基因和蛋白表达,増强MM细胞对来那度胺诱导凋亡的敏感性,为黄芩素将来应用于临床克服MM患者对来那度胺的耐药性提供依据.     

头孢拉定对黄芩苷大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的研究头孢拉定对黄芩苷在大鼠体内药动学的影响。方法用HPLC-ECD方法测定头孢拉定和黄芩苷合并给药组与黄芩苷单独给药组黄芩苷在大鼠体内的血药浓度,比较两者的药动学参数。结果头孢拉定和黄芩苷合并给药组黄芩苷Cmax为(782.63±469.37)ng/mL,AUC0~24h为(8407.86±3476.14)ng/mL·h;黄芩苷单独给药组黄芩苷Cmax为(2645.62±601.42)ng/mL,AUC0~24h为(28952.90±5731.42)ng/mL·h。结论两者药动学参数存在显著性差异(P<0.05),口服头孢拉定严重降低了黄芩苷的血药浓度。提示临床应合理用药。     

吉非罗齐胶囊在健康人体内的相对生物利用度

目的 :研究吉非罗齐胶囊在健康人体内的相对生物利用度。方法 :采用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)法测定 18名男性健康受试者单剂量交叉口服 90 0mg 2种吉非罗齐胶囊后不同时间血浆中的药物浓度。结果 :二者药 时曲线均符合一房室模型 ,Cmax分别为 (45 .2 4± 10 .15 )mg·L-1和 (43.38± 9.84 )mg·L-1;Tmax分别为 (2 .4 7± 0 .93)h和 (2 .2 5±0 .75 )h ;T1/ 2 分别 (1.5 9± 0 .19)h和 (1.75± 0 .2 9)h ;AUC分别为 (16 5 .79± 37.79)mg·h·L-1和 (15 6 .39± 32 .2 8)mg·h·L-1。被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (95 .5 5± 11.4 5 ) % (77.0 3%～ 119.4 5 % )。结论 :2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

不同基质的黄芩甙栓释放度比较(简报)

黄芩甙是从中药黄芩中提取而得,具有清热解毒、抗菌消炎之功,临床上亦有制成栓剂应用。栓剂中基质占栓剂组成比例较大,不仅赋予药物成型,对药物发挥疗效亦有一定的影响。为了进一步探讨基质对黄芩甙释放的影响,本实验研究采用了转兰法,并选用了聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯(S—40)、甘油明胶、可可豆脂、半合成山苍子酯四种不同的基质,用热熔法制备成肛门栓。每粒栓剂中含黄芩甙0.4g。然后进行释放度测定。为了便于比较,在制备栓剂时不加其他附加剂。测定释放度时选用了蒸馏水和人工肠液两种不同的介质。实验结果表明:四种不同基质的黄芩甙栓在人工肠液中(PH=7.2)释放度均大于在蒸馏水中(PH=6)的释放度。从而可知在制备黄芩甙     

格列吡嗪胶囊的相对生物利用度和生物等效性

目的:考察格列吡嗪胶囊人体相对生物利用度及生物等效性。方法:20名健康男性志愿者,采用交叉给药方案,分别单剂量口服5.0mg受试格列吡嗪胶囊和参比格列吡嗪胶囊,用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中格列吡嗪浓度,进行人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性评价。结果:单次口服5.0mg受试格列吡嗪胶囊和参比格列吡嗪胶囊后,达峰时间(Tmax)分别为(2.1±0.5)h和(2.2±1.1)h;峰值血药浓度(Cmax)分别为(298.95±105.66)ng/ml和±281.55±68.84)ng/ml;半衰期(t1/2)分别为(4.14±1.33)h和(3.80±1.28)h;药时曲线下面积采用梯形法计算,AUC0-t分别为(1565.89±659.41)ng·h/ml和(1580.13±465.43)ng·h/ml,AUC0-∞分别为(1649.53±704.58)ng·h/ml和(1644.15±478.92)ng·h/ml。结论:受试格列吡嗪胶囊的相对生物利用度为(98.3±19.3)%,主要参数的双、单侧t检验,结果显示两种制剂为生物等效制剂。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.