考试质量分析程序及应用

目的编写及应用计算机考试质量分析程序.方法用Visual Basic编写自动统计分析程序,并对我校15门基础课程的考试结果进行分析.结果计算机程序能够对记录在Excel文件中的考试成绩进行分析,并将考试成绩的排序、最高分、最低分、平均分、分布、标准差以及试卷的信度、各题的难度、区别度等统计结果存入另一个Excel文件中.上述试卷分析表明:试卷的α信度系数为0.73±0.11;加权平均难度为0.72±0.09;平均区别度为0.29±0.08.结论编写的计算机程序可用于考试质量的统计分析.对于我校基础课程考试,可以将平均难度掌握在0.7～0.8,信度系数控制在0.5或以上,平均区别度控制在0.2以上或各小题的区别度控制在0.14以上.     

临床医学七年制学生专业理论考试质量分析

目的了解和分析我校七年制学生专业理论考试质量。方法采用标准化试题库编制试卷,考试对象为该校临床医学七年制英文班和法文班六年级学生,对五次考试结果进行质量分析。结果两班学生共85人,法文班平均成绩为(124.89±7.52)分,英文班平均成绩为(134.39±8.47)分。平均区分度为0.16±0.01,平均难度值为0.66±0.04,试卷信度系数为0.83±0.03。结论临床医学七年制英文班学生考试成绩整体略高于法文班;要在教学管理过程中加强考试质量分析,以提高考试的可靠性和有效性。     

加强试卷分析提升题库质量

目的分析和评价2004-2006级七年制生理学考试试卷质量,为及时更新题库内容,提升题库质量奠定基础。方法应用Excel2003对试卷进行统计分析。结果三次考试成绩均呈负偏态分布,信度0.68以上,效度0.73以上,难度0.80左右,区分度0.25以上。结论三份试卷成绩分布基本合理,信度、效度高,区分度良好;本校生理学题库质量良好,但有部分试题需要修改或删除。     

生物化学检验试卷分析与质量评价

目的分析2011年生物化学检验课程考试试卷,评价其质量。方法采用统计学方法对生物化学检验课程的考试成绩进行处理,从难度、区分度、信度三方面分析试卷和试题质量。结果试卷的平均难度为0．73,平均区分度为0．54,试卷信度为0．8125。结论生物化学检验试卷试题的难度适中,区分度很好,能够比较全面的评价学生对该课程掌握的程度。     

2004级八年制医学生医学免疫学考试试卷分析

目的 评估我校第一届八年制学生--2004级八年制医学生<医学免疫学>期末考试试卷的质量.方法 利用Excel 2003和SPSS 16.0对2004级八年制学生共93份试卷进行统计分析.结果 考试成绩呈正偏态分布,平均成绩为(72.25±1.12)分,信度为0.788,难度系数为0.73,区分度0.29.结论 试卷设计基本合理,反映了学生对各个知识点的掌握情况,基本了解学生的薄弱环节,为进一步改进八年制教学提供依据.     

五年制高职护理专业基础护理学期末考试试卷分析及评价

目的评估五年制高职护理专业基础护罩学期末考试试卷质量。方法采用试卷分析软件对我校170名高职护生的基础护理学期末考试试卷进行统计分析。结果170名学生的考试成绩为34—93分。基本呈正态分布;试卷难度为0．7,区分度为0．61。结论本套试卷质量良好,难度适中。区分度高;客观题比例较大,考试成绩可以信赖,能够客观地反映学生对本门课程的掌握程度。     

护理本科《病原生物学》考试试卷质量分析

目的：评估我校2006级护理学本科病原生物学期末考试试卷的质量,为改进病原生物学教学方法和提高考试试卷质量提供依据。方法：运用教育测量学原理与教育统计学方法对试卷和试题进行统计分析。结果：考试成绩呈负偏态分布,最高92分,最低42.5分,平均70.09分,标准差为11.85,全卷难度系数（P）为0.70,区分度（D）为0.27,信度（α）为0.77。结论：本次考核内容较全面,基本覆盖了全部教学章节,符合教学大纲的要求。试卷总体难度适中,区分度尚可,考试可信、有效。     

预防医学试题质量统计分析

为了解某校预防医学考试试题质量,从临床医学系1996级预防医学期终考试的175名考生中随机抽取100分试卷,运用经典测量理论进行综合分析。结果显示:平均成绩75.4±9.32,试卷信度0.72,难易度0.75,区分度0.32。提示:考试成绩分布合理,且可信赖,试卷整体难度适中,并能区分学生考试成绩的优劣。     

试题库在预防医学课程考核中的应用效果分析

目的 了解新乡医学院三全学院不同专业医学生预防医学课程考试情况,促进课程考核方式和试题库建设质量的提高.方法 运用教育测量学的原理和方法,对试卷的质量和学生的成绩进行分析.结果 本次考试学生的平均成绩为72.73分,呈正态分布.不同专业学生的考试成绩差异具有统计学意义( P＜0.001).试卷平均难度、区分度和信度分别为0.61、0.43和0.71.结论 试卷题型分布合理、难度适中、区分度尚可、信度高,试题库可以用于课程考核.同时,还需要加强不同专业学生预防医学课程的教育力度.     

病理学考试试卷分析与评价

目的通过分析南华大学2004级临床医学专业专升本学生病理学期末考试试卷,对教学质量进行评估。方法随机抽查2004级临床医学专升本学生的200份考试试卷进行统计分析。结果考试成绩呈负偏态分布,平均成绩为(78.88±8.02)分,难度为0.79,区分度为0.19。结论这份试卷能较全面地评价学生对课程的掌握程度,试题难度适中,区分度尚可,为今后提高试卷的命题水平及调整教学安排提供了经验。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…