Transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes

Objective：To evaluate the safety and efficiency of transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes. Methods： Twenty seven patients with dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region were treated by transvenous embolization with micro-coils. The transvenous routes included inferior petrosal sinus, superior ophthalmic vein and facial vein. Results： Clinical cure was achieved in 23 cases and significant improvement of symptoms in 4 cases. Complete anglographic obliteration was documented in 22 patients （82%）. Residual shunting were left in 2 patients via pterygoid drainage and 1 case via inter-cavernous sinus, 2 cases via inferior petrosal sinus, disappeared one month later by manual compression carotid artery. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after embolization. Three patients had diplopia and relieved within two months after embolization. There was no permanent procedure-related morbidity. The clinic follow up ranged from 5 months to 6 years, and there was not recurrence case. Conclusion： Transvenous embolization via different venous routes is a safe and efficient method for dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region treatment.     

Transvenous embolization of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula: report of 28 cases

Background  Usually, cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula can be treated via transarterial approaches. However, in many complicated patients, transvenous approaches are superior to the transarterial ones because of the difficulties during a transarterial operation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 28 patients with cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula treated by transvenous embolization.
Methods  From September 2001 to December 2005, 28 patients with 31 cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae were treated with transvenous embolization in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The involved cavernous sinuses were catheterized via the femoral vein-inferior petrosal sinus approach or the femoral-facial-superior ophthalmic vein approach, and embolized with coils (GDC, EDC, Matrix, Orbit or free coil) or coils plus silk. The patients were followed up for 3 to 26 months.
Results  All the 31 cavernous sinuses in the 28 patients were successfully embolized. Complete angiographic obliteration of the fistulae was achieved immediately in 25 patients. Residual shunting was observed in the other 3, who had drainage through the pterygoid plexus (2 patients) or the inferior petrosal sinus (1) after the operation. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after the embolization. In 3 patients, who achieved complete angiographic obliteration immediately, the left oculomotor nerve palsy remained unchanged after the operation. Transient abducens nerve palsy was encountered in 1. In 1 patient, the occular symptoms were improved after the operation, but recurred 4 days later, and then disappeared spontaneously after 5 days. During the follow-up, no patient had recurrence. Three months after the operation, angiography was performed on the 3 patients with residual shunting. Two of them had angiographic cure, the other had residual drainage through the pterygoid plexus.
Conclusions  Transvenous catheterization and embolization of the cavernous sinus is a safe and efficient way to treat complicated cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae. It is an alternative to the patients with spontaneous cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae or those in whom transarterial embolization failed.

     

Therapeutic embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas via

Objective To describe the transvenous catheterization technique for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSdAVFs), including its indications, complications and efficacy.Methods Eight patients with symptomatic CSdAVFs were treated by endovascular embolization with platinum coils, via the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) in 6 patients, and via the Sylvian vein after surgical exposure in other 2 patients.Results Complete angiographic resolution of the fistula was obtained in six patients immediately after the procedures, and a complete resolution of symptoms and signs was achieved in all patients. The residual fistulas in two patients disappeared completely in the follow-up angiography.Conclusion Transvenous embolization is a useful and safe approach in the management of CSdAVFs.     

Diagnosis and treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: 110 cases report

Objective To discuss the diagnosis , treatment and prognosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF). Methods The clinical and following-up date from 110 patients with SDAVF diagnosed by spinal MRI and spinal angiography were analyzed retrospectively. Results Draining vein between fistula and spinal cord was interupted by laminectomy approach as first choice in 61 patients, by hemilaminectomy approach in 37, and by endovascular embolization in 12, and re-operation due to recurrence after embolization in 3. Anticoagulation, hydration and early rehabilitation were used postoperatively. Complete disappearance of SDAVF was confirmed in all 106 patients who received postoperative spinal angiography. The paramedullary tortuous flow voids fully disappeared in 74 patients and partly disappeared in June 2003 Vol12 No2 15 on postoperative T2-weighted MRI. Follow up of 98 patients showed complete recovery in 54 patients, improvement in 34, and no change in 10. Three of the 10 patients were reoperated on bec     

Superselective uterine arterial embolization with pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion for management of symptomatic uterine leiomyoma

Background Uterine arterial embolization (UAE) is a safe and effective therapy for symptomatic uterine leiomyoma. This study was to assess the effectiveness and the feasibility of pingyangmycinlipiodol emulsion (PLE) for the management of symptomatic uterine leiomyoma.Methods One hundred consecutive patients (aged 21-53 years, with 38 in average ) with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma underwent superselective UAE with PLE. Clinical symptoms of the patients (including menorrhagia, bulk-related symptoms, and postprocedure-related abdominal pain) and the changes in uterine volume and tumor size after the embolization were analyzed. The patients were followed up for 8-21 months (mean, 15 months).Results Ninety-nine patients (99%,99/100) were interviewed in their first menses circle after embolization, showing improvements in their abnormal bleeding and bulk-related symptoms to some extent. Imagiological results during follow-up showed a mean of 48% reduction in uterine volume at 6 months and a mean of 75% reduction in tumor size at 9 months. Eighty-three percent of the patients reported complete resolution of postprocedure pain within 7 days.Conclusions PLE is effective in the management of uterine leiomyoma, having superiority in alleviating postprocedure-related pain.     

Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula in children

Background Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula （CAF） has emerged as a successful alternative to surgery. We described our experiences in 10 children patients who were accepted for transcatheter closure of CAF. Methods Ten children were 3-10 years old （seven males） with CAF who underwent percutaneous transcatheter closure between October 1995 and April 2008. Sites of origin of these fistulas were： right coronary artery in seven, left anterior descending coronary artery in two, and left circumflex coronary artery in one patient. Drainage sites of these fistulas were： right atrium in seven, right ventricle in two and left ventricle in one patient. All of these fistulas were congenital and had only one orificium fistula.Results A Cook coil was used in four patients and an Amplatzer patent ductus arteriosus （PDA） occluder was used in six patients. Checking the angiogram after the procedure revealed complete occlusion in nine patients （90%） and minimal residual flow in one （10%） patient. Technical success was achieved in all patients. Follow-up studies at short term showed complete abolition of shunt in all patients with no evidence of recanalization leading to recurrence of shunt. Conclusions Transcatheter therapy using either Cook coil or Amplatzer PDA occluder is suggested to be a safe and effective method of occlusion. The midterm outcome of the intervention for CAF is satisfactory.     

Intensive chromic acid burns and acute chromium poisoning with acute renal failure

In this case report, we describe our experience of managing a patient with chemical burns caused by hot chromic acid that covered over 60% of the patient’s body. The patient developed anuria 48 hours after injury. Early excision of burn eschars and hemodialysis were carried out. The patient survived after a series of comprehensive treatments, including allografting and autografting. In patients burned by hot chromic acid, excision of affected skin down to the muscle fascia should be carried out as soon as possible after injury. Dialysis to remove circulating chromium in the first 24 hours after injury is also recommended.

     

Partial splenic embolization in the management of thalassemia major A report of 40 cases

Forty children with thalassemia major were treated with gelfoam particles for partialsplenic embolization (PSE).The embolization of the spleen ranged from 50 to 85 per cent.Af-ter PSE,the spleen shrank greatly,and the symptoms of anemia improved.The immunologicalfunction of the body was the same as before PSE.All patients showed a marked reduction intransfusion requirements.Therefore,it is believed that PSE is an effective therapy for tha-lassemia major.     

ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT OF INTRACRANIAL DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS OF LATERAL SINUS

Objective To evaluate use of transarterial endovascular embolization in 10 consecutive pa-tients with DAVFs of lateral sinus. Methods A six-vessel cerebral diagnostic angiography was performed in each of the patients. All the patients underwent superselective angiography and transarterial endovascular em-bolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate ( NBCA ) or polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) particle. Six patients received 3 to 6 months angiographic follow-up. Results Ten patients undergone 16 procedures and 23 supplying arteries were embolized with NBCA glue ( in 8) and PVA particle ( in 2 ). Eight patients experienced anatomic and cli-nical cure. Two patients achieved clinical cure despite the presence of a small residual lesion on angiography.All the 4 patients with pulsatile tinnitus and vascular bruit were ceased immediately after endovascular proce-dures. Pulsatile tinnitus recurred in one patient 2 months after partial embolization and disappeared after a sec-ond therapy. There was no complication. Conclusion Transarterial endovascular embolization is a safe, ef-fective and minimally invasive method for treatment of lateral sinus DA VFs.     

Review of clinical investigation on recurrence of gastric cancer following curative resection

Objective  To discuss the present status and progress of clinical research on recurrence of gastric cancer after surgery, including patterns, clinicopathologic factors, prognosis, detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.

Data sources  The data used in this review were mainly from PubMed articles published in English from 2000 to August 2011. The search terms were “gastric cancer” and “recurrence”.

Study selection  Articles were selected if they involved clinicopathologic factors, detection methods, and treatment strategies of recurrence of gastric cancer.

Results  Peritoneal recurrence is the most common pattern in recurrence of gastric cancer. The main risk factors for recurrence of gastric cancer are tumor stage, including depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis, and Borrmann classification. The prognosis of patients with recurrence is very poor, especially patients with peritoneal recurrence. Systemic chemotherapy is still the main treatment method for patients with recurrent cancer. If complete resection can be accomplished, some benefits may be obtained from surgery for recurrence. However, standard treatment for patients with recurrence has not yet been established.

Conclusions  Early detection and diagnosis of recurrence is quite crucial for treatment and prognosis. The optimal therapeutic strategy for recurrence should be based on a multidisciplinary assessment and the patient’s individual state and should involve combined therapy.

     

显微外科手术与血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘临床疗效比较的meta分析

目的: 通过meta分析比较显微外科手术与血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床疗效。方法: 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane临床试验数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(Chinese BioMedical Literature Database,CBM),检索时间从数据库建库至2019年12月,纳入采用显微外科手术和血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的所有中英文文献。使用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计学分析,评估术后早期失败率、远期复发、神经功能恢复程度、并发症情况,比较两种治疗方式对硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床疗效,并对血管内栓塞治疗进行亚组分析。结果: 纳入文献46篇,共1 958例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者,其中935例采用显微外科手术治疗,1 023例采用血管内栓塞治疗,漏斗图显示未见明显发表偏倚。经meta分析结果显示,显微外科手术早期治疗失败的发生率低于血管内栓塞治疗(OR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.13~0.30, P<0.05),远期复发率也低于血管内栓塞治疗(OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.22~0.58, P<0.05),显微外科手术治疗后患者神经功能改善情况优于血管内栓塞治疗的患者(OR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.36~5.99, P<0.05),两种治疗方式患者并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义(OR=1.52, 95%CI: 0.88~2.64, P=0.14)。血管内栓塞治疗的患者中,使用Onyx胶进行栓塞比使用α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate,NBCA胶)有更高的治疗失败或复发风险,差异有统计学意义(OR=4.70, 95%CI: 1.55~14.28, P<0.05)。结论: 虽然血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的应用日趋广泛,但显微外科手术所获得的临床疗效仍明显优于血管内栓塞治疗。     

脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘的栓塞和手术治疗

目的:探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的治疗方法.方法:14例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者中,6例以微粒栓塞,1例正丁基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯(NBCA)栓塞,7例手术治疗.结果:治疗后短期内症状均改善,随访6个月至5年手术和以胶栓塞患者均无复发,以微粒栓塞患者中有2例复发,其中1例手术治疗.结论:手术夹闭或以胶栓塞瘘口均可作为该病的有效治疗方法.     

不同栓塞剂在体-肺循环瘘导致大咯血患者经导管栓塞治疗中的疗效比较

目的 评估应用不同栓塞剂进行支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血合并体-肺循环瘘(SPS)的疗效差别.方法 回顾分析2005年3月至2014年2月安徽医科大学附属省立医院98例合并SPS大咯血患者的临床及影像学资料,其中支气管扩张72例、肺结核18例、肺癌8例,所有患者均行介入栓塞治疗.根据应用的栓塞剂材料不同分为明胶海绵栓塞组和聚乙烯醇颗粒栓塞组.所有患者均在术后1d,1、3、6个月,1、2年进行随访,并采用Ridit分析.结果 98例大咯血患者均行数字减影血管造影证实,其中合并肺动脉瘘84例,肺静脉瘘12例,混合瘘2例;单纯性支气管动脉-肺循环瘘(BPS) 32例,支气管动脉与非支气管动脉同时存在肺循环瘘62例,单纯非BPS 4例.两组均无异位栓塞、截瘫、食管气管痿、皮肤缺血坏死等严重并发症.术后1d,1、3、6个月,1、2年的随访提示48例明胶海绵栓塞组中治愈20例,显效18例,有效6例,无效4例,有效率91.7%;50例聚乙烯醇颗粒栓塞组中治愈38例,显效8例,有效4例,无效0例,有效率100.0%.两组疗效经Ridit分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 经导管栓塞治疗SPS导致的大咯血安全有效,创伤较小,应用聚乙烯醇颗粒栓塞可以降低咯血的远期复发率.     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的血管造影诊断与栓塞治疗

目的　探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的血管造影诊断与栓塞治疗价值。方法　回顾性分析 2 8例硬脊膜动静脉瘘的选择性血管造影与栓塞治疗资料 ,所有患者均行全脊髓动脉血管造影检查。结果　 2 8例硬脊膜动静脉瘘经血管造影检查均能明确诊断 ,能显示病变的范围、血供情况及其特征 ,其特点为硬脊膜动脉与脊髓表面静脉直接相通。 18例 (占64 .3 % )硬脊膜动静脉瘘位于脊柱左侧 ,10例 (占 3 5 .7% )位于右侧 ;2 3例瘘口 (占 82 .1% )位于胸 3与腰 2椎体平面之间。经超选择插管后 17例患者接受了栓塞治疗 ,其中 12例行栓塞后手术切除。随访观察见患者临床症状改善者 11例(占 64 .7% ) ,病情稳定者 4例 (占 2 3 .5 % ) ,病情加重者 2例 (占 11.8% )。所有栓塞病例均无严重并发症发生。结论　经选择性血管造影明确诊断后行栓塞治疗是硬脊膜动静脉瘘安全而较为有效的治疗手段。     

选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗良性病变所致肾出血

目的探讨选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗良性病变所致肾出血的临床价值。方法本组10例肾出血患者,肾损伤5例（其中外伤4例,医源性损伤1例）,肾血管畸形2例,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤1例,肾结核1例,肾囊肿1例,术前均进行了CT检查。治疗方法采用Seldinger技术穿刺行股动脉插管．进行选择性靶动脉造影及栓塞治疗。结果10例患者均通过动脉造影明确诊断,由肾动脉参与病变供血,7例可见对比剂外溢,合并假性动脉瘤4例,动静脉瘘2例。介入治疗后8例患者24h内肉眼血尿消失,2例48h后肉眼血尿消失。随防1～60个月,均无肾出血复发。结论选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗良性病变所致的肾出血,安全有效、创伤小、止血快速,并发症少,并能最大程度地保护肾功能,是可靠的治疗方法。     

脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床和影像学特点(附1例典型病例分析)

目的探讨脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的临床和影像学特点,提高对该病的诊疗能力。方法报道1例经磁共振和血管造影及手术证实的SDAVF病例,并复习相关文献。结果SDAVF表现为不同程度的脊髓损害症状,临床缺乏鲜明的特点,易误诊,磁共振平扫及增强检查通常可以发现长节段脊髓病变及脊髓表面迂曲的扩张静脉,数字减影血管成像(DSA)是确诊的金标准,并可以发现瘘口位置;早期外科手术或介入治疗能够改善预后,随病程延长预后变差,外科手术相较介入治疗能够减少复发风险。结论提高对SDAVF的警惕性,认识该病临床表现的复杂多变,提高该病的影像学识别能力是正确诊断的关键。     

显微手术处理硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨显微手术处理硬脊膜动静脉瘘的方法和疗效的评价。方法回顾性分析12例经脊髓血管造影确诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料,根据计划手术节段前X线定位,采用后正中入路切除半侧椎板,切开硬脊膜,显微镜下探查硬脊膜动静脉瘘口,在硬脊膜内灼闭血管瘘口并剪断,缝合硬脊膜。结果11例术后症状改善,其中运动功能改善最明显,感觉障碍改善次之,1例无改善。无手术并发症,无复发。结论显微手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘创伤小、方法简单、效果肯定,可作为硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选治疗方法。     

脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘6例临床分析

目的:探讨脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘(spinal dural arteriovenous fistula,SDAVF)的临床特征、影像学特点及治疗,以期提高对SDAVF的早期识别和诊断.方法:对上海市普陀区人民医院神经外科收治住院的6例SDAVF患者临床表现、影像学资料及治疗进行回顾性分析.结果:6例患者中5例为男性,1例为女性,确诊年龄22～74岁,病程2～24个月.累及双下肢肌力5例,累及双下肢或四肢感觉6例,累及大便和(或)小便功能4例,其中2例需留置导尿管.5例患者术前行脊髓磁共振(magnetic reso-nance,MR)检查,脊髓MR可见脊髓长T1、长T2信号,脊髓表面迂曲血管流空影,增强后可见部分强化.6例患者均行脊髓数字血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查,显示5例瘘口在胸段,1例行3次脊髓血管造影均未见瘘口,手术时发现瘘口.5例患者于手术下行瘘口切除,术后均恢复良好.结论:SDAVF有其临床特征和影像学特点,磁共振检查可作为初筛标准,脊髓血管造影为其诊断金标准.手术为其有效治疗方法,早期诊断、早期治疗有助于改善患者预后.     

动静脉内瘘栓塞后尿激酶溶栓再通的方法及护理

目的：为了进一步提高治疗动静脉内瘘的临床疗效,提高患者康复率,本文就动静脉内瘘栓塞后尿激酶溶栓再通的方法和护理要点进行了浅显的研究和探讨。方法对2010年10月-2012年10月期间接受注射尿激酶治疗的120例血液透析血管内瘘6～24 h栓塞患者,在瘘管吻合口方向穿刺,并留置软管将尿激酶50万单位溶入浓度为0.9％,剂量为250.0 mL的NS溶液当中,微量泵推注。如4～6 h内瘘仍未通畅,则可再次对患者进行二次溶栓治疗。结果痊愈90例,其中一次治疗后痊愈50例,二次治疗后痊愈40例,36例患者在接受治疗期间出现了局部肿胀现象。结论尿激酶应用于透析患者内瘘早期栓塞临床治疗的效果十分显著,有效的提高了患者的生活质量,值得推广。