荷载达沙替尼的姜黄素-透明质酸自组装胶束的药代动力学

目的 比较荷载达沙替尼(DAS)的透明质酸(HA)-姜黄素(CUR)自组装胶束(THCD-NPs)与混合给药(DAS+CUR)在细胞及大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法 将乳腺癌4T1细胞分别与DAS+CUR、THCD-NPs共孵育4,12,24 h后用蛋白定量法测定4T1细胞的药物摄取率；将DAS+CUR混合物和THCD-NPs通过尾静脉注射进SD大鼠体内，于不同时间点采血，测定大鼠体内DAS和CUR的血药浓度，绘制药时曲线，用WinNolin 8.2药代动力学软件进行统计分析。结果 建立了同步检测血浆中DAS和CUR的HPLC法；相同时间点下THCD-NPs组细胞DAS和CUR的摄取率均大于CUR+DAS组。大鼠体内药动学结果显示：THCD-NPs组DAS和CUR的药时曲线下面积(AUC)、药物平均滞留时间(MRT)、半衰期t_1/2等参数均大于DAS+CUR组。结论 THCD-NPs能显著提高DAS和CUR的细胞摄取率，有效增加两种药物在大鼠体内的滞留量，延长体内循环时间，有望提高药物的治疗效果。     

厚朴中苯乙醇苷类化合物厚朴苷A的大鼠体内药动学研究

目的:建立血浆样品中厚朴苷A的测定方法,研究厚朴苷A在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法:大鼠经口服和尾静脉注射给药,以黄芩苷为内标,采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中的厚朴苷A浓度。使用岛津LC-20A高效液相色谱仪,色谱柱为Agilent Zobax SB-C18(250 mm×20 mm,5μm),甲醇/水溶液梯度洗脱(0~15 min,甲醇15%~85%),流速为1 mL·min~(-1)。采用DAS 2.0软件对所得的需要浓度进行拟合,计算相应的药动学参数。结果:大鼠经口服给药200 mg·kg~(-1)、尾静脉注射给药5 mg·kg~(-1),目标物质量浓度在0.3~100μg·mL~(-1),内线性关系良好(r=0.999 6),标准曲线定量下限为0.3μg·mL~(-1);批内精密度RSD7.1%,批间精密度RSD12.4%;准确度RE3.3%~5.9%;回收率83.5%~99.0%。大鼠经口服给药的药动学参数AUC(0-t)为(15.6±7.4)mg·h/L,CL为(14.5±6.1)L·h/kg,Vd为(13.5±2.8)L/kg,t1/2为(1.16±0.8)h。大鼠尾静脉注射给药的药动学参数AUC(0-t)为(17.8±9.9)mg·h/L,CL为(0.34±0.14)L·h/kg,Vd为(0.08±0.04)L/kg,t1/2为(0.15±0.03)h。结论:该实验建立了一种简便、准确、快速地测定厚朴苷A浓度的方法,首次报道了厚朴苷A在大鼠体内的药物代谢动力学特征。     

阿托伐他汀大鼠体内药动学及肠肝循环研究

目的建立测定大鼠血浆、胆汁中阿托伐他汀的浓度的LC-MS方法,研究其在大鼠体内的药动学和肠肝循环情况.方法测定大鼠静脉注射和灌胃给予阿托伐他汀后血浆中的药物浓度,对灌胃给药的吸收程度进行研究;测定大鼠给药后12 h胆汁中的药物浓度,计算其累积排泄率;运用大鼠肠肝循环模型研究阿托伐他汀在大鼠体内从胆汁重吸收的药动学过程,经3P87程序计算药动学参数.结果大鼠静脉注射和灌胃给予阿托伐他汀后体内药动学过程均符合二房室一级吸收模型,灌胃给药的绝对生物利用度为10.2%,两种途径给药后12 h的胆汁累积排泄率分别是(7.3±1.4)%和(3.3±0.02)%.大鼠肠肝循环模型表明,胆汁供体组大鼠的AUC和胆汁受体组大鼠的AUC分别是(26 383.0±9 870.5)ng/mL·min和(2 636.8±1 815.0)ng/mL·min.结论阿托伐他汀在大鼠体内口服吸收程度较低,静脉注射给药后存在肠肝循环现象.     

红花黄色素A在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的　研究红花黄色素 A在大鼠体内的药动学。方法　建立 RP-HPLC法定量测定大鼠血浆中红花黄色素 A含量。色谱条件 :色谱柱为 Hypersil ODS2柱 (2 0 0 mm× 4.6mm,5 μm) ;流动相为甲醇 -0 .2 %乙酸水溶液(2 4∶ 76) ;流速为 0 .8m L/min;核黄素为内标 ;检测波长为 410 nm。健康大鼠禁食 2 4h后 ,尾 iv红花黄色素 A生理盐水溶液 ,测定不同时间的血药浓度。用 3 P87药动学程序对血药浓度 -时间数据进行拟合。结果　大鼠 iv红花黄色素 A后 ,其主要药动学参数为 :Vc(0 .3 0± 0 .0 4) L/kg,CL (1.12± 0 .3 3 ) m L/mim,Ke(0 .91± 0 .19) h-1 ,t1 / 2(0 .76± 0 .10 ) h,曲线下面积 AUC(2 4.97± 4.83 ) (μg· h) /m L。结论　红花黄色素 A在大鼠体内呈一室开放模型 ,进入体内迅速分布 ,代谢消除也较快     

水苏碱在大鼠体内的药动学

目的:研究水苏碱在大鼠体内的药动学。方法:采用柱前衍生化HPLC法,色谱条件为Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水(70∶30);流速:0.8 ml/min;检测波长:259 nm。从大鼠尾静脉注射盐酸水苏碱溶液,测定不同时间的血药浓度。用3P87药动学程序对血药浓度-时间数据进行拟合。结果:主要药动学参数为T1/2α(12.00min),T1/2β(101.07 min),Vc(0.298 L/kg),AUC(3833.456 min.μg/ml),CLs(0.0026 L.kg-1/min)。结论:水苏碱在大鼠体内呈二室开放模型。     

黄连、吴茱萸药对中盐酸小檗碱在急性胃溃疡模型大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的比较黄连-吴茱萸药对提取液中盐酸小檗碱在急性胃溃疡模型大鼠与正常大鼠体内的药代动力学差异,探讨病理状态对盐酸小檗碱体内过程的影响。方法分别灌胃给予正常大鼠和急性胃溃疡模型大鼠黄连-吴茱萸(6:1)药对提取液,采用高效液相色谱方法测定大鼠体内盐酸小檗碱的血浆浓度,色谱柱:Diamonsil C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(23∶12∶65),流速:1.0ml/min;检测波长:345nm;柱温:30℃。结果盐酸小檗碱在正常组的药代动力学参数:Cmax=0.064±0.01μg/ml;Tmax=(0.42±0.13)h;t1/2=(5.96±1.16)h;AUC0-t=(0.42±0.08)μg/(ml.h);AUC0-∞=(0.45±0.09)μg/(ml.h)。盐酸小檗碱在模型组的药代动力学参数:Cmax=(0.069±0.01)μg/ml;Tmax=(0.54±0.11)h;t1/2=(5.11±1.78)h;AUC0-t=(0.60±0.17)μg/(ml.h);AUC0-∞=(0.63±0.18)μg/(ml.h)。结论黄连-吴茱萸药对在乙醇致急性胃溃疡模型大鼠中吸收减慢,但是吸收量多,体内滞留时间稍延长。     

甲基斑蝥胺灌胃和静脉注射给药的药代动力学研究

目的:研究甲基斑蝥胺(-Nmethylcantharidimide,NMC)灌胃和静脉注射给药后在大鼠体内的药代动力学以及在小鼠肝肾组织的分布。方法:大鼠灌胃和静脉注射NMC后,用RP-HPLC法测定不同时间血浆中的药物浓度,并采用3P97计算药代动力学参数。小鼠灌胃和静脉注射NMC后,同法测定不同时间肝、肾组织中的药物浓度。结果:灌胃和静脉注射后,以梯形法计算AUC0~∞分别为(81±10)μg.h/mL和(143±19)μg.h/mL,拟合血药浓度数据为单室模型。各时间点NMC在肝脏中的浓度灌胃给药均大于静脉注射,而肾脏中的浓度除最后一个时间点(3 h)外,灌胃给药均低于静脉注射给药。结论:NMC的血浓数据拟合为单室模型,灌胃给药的绝对生物利用度为57%,但在增加肝癌疗效和降低肾毒性方面可能优于静脉注射给药。     

重组人内皮抑素的125Ⅰ标记及其体内代谢

目的探讨重组人内皮抑素(rhEndo)的125Ⅰ标记及其标记物(125Ⅰ-rhEndo)的生物学活性和体内药代动力学.方法采用小剂量Iodogen多次重复标记法标记rhEndo,细胞增殖抑制试验和亲和力试验检测125Ⅰ-rhEndo活性,并研究其在大鼠体内的药代动力学.结果0.5μg Iodogen 3次重复标记rhEndo的标记率可达84%,放射化学纯度(94.7±2.44)%.125Ⅰ-rhEndo抑制bFGF诱导内皮细胞增殖的作用与未标记rhEndo相当,且能与其竞争结合内皮细胞表面受体.大鼠单次股静脉注射125Ⅰ-rhEndo 2 μg后,血药浓度-时间曲线符合两室模型,T1/2α为(0.45±0.12)h,T1/2β为(19.53±3.41)h,AUC为(484.57±137.99)ng·h·mL-1.结论小剂量Iodogen多次重复125Ⅰ标记不影响rhEndo蛋白的生物学活性.125Ⅰ-rhEndo大鼠体内单次静脉注射的药代动力学符合两室模型,半衰期约19 h.125Ⅰ-rhEndo标记为肿瘤的靶向显像和治疗奠定了基础.     

汉防己甲素脂质体在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的 考察汉防己甲素脂质体在大鼠体内的药动学特性.方法 采用薄膜分散法制备汉防己甲素脂质体,大鼠尾静脉分别注射汉防己甲素脂质体或溶液剂,用HPLC测定不同时间血浆中汉防己甲素的浓度,通过3P97程序计算药动学参数.结果 制得的脂质体包封率为(79.7±0.68)%,汉防己甲素脂质体和溶液剂大鼠尾静脉单次给药均符合二室开放模型,与溶液剂相比,汉防己甲素脂质体的AUC显著增加.结论 汉防己甲素脂质体能显著增加汉防己甲素在大鼠体内的AUC,延长其在血液循环中的驻留时间.     

环磷酰胺对丁硫氨酸亚砜胺在大鼠体内的药代动力学影响

目的研究环磷酰胺(CTX)对丁硫氨酸亚砜胺(BSO)在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学的影响. 方法 SD大鼠腹腔注射CTX 20mg/kg(用药组)或生理盐水(对照组)4d后,静脉注射BSO 200mg/kg.以邻-苯二甲醛(OPA)柱前衍生反相HPLC为检测手段,测定血浆中BSO的浓度.以3P87软件对实验数据进行拟合,判断房室模型并计算药代动力学参数. 结果 SD大鼠静脉注射BSO 200mg/kg,体内的动力学过程为二室模型,T1/2α为27.4±5.3min, T1/2β为159.3±107.3min,CLs为11.8±2.3ml*min-1*kg-1,AUC为299.36±50.13μg*ml-1*h;SD大鼠在用CTX后,BSO在其体内动力学特征也是二室模型,T1/2α为25.2±2.2min,T1/2β为114.3±25.9min,CLs为13.8±3.8ml*min-1*kg-1,AUC为256.55±66.28μg*ml-1*h.用药组和对照组的药代动力学参数无显著性差异.结论 CTX不影响BSO在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…