去细胞处理对牛颈静脉带瓣管道细胞外基质骨架的影响

目的:探讨去细胞处理对牛颈静脉带瓣管道细胞外基质骨架成分及组织稳定性的影响,为确立构建组织工程化的人工血管技术提供依据.方法:采集新鲜牛颈静脉,筛选瓣膜功能良好的血管,采用曲那通X-100、胰蛋白酶/EDTA和DNase-I/RNase-A三步法去细胞处理,组织化学染色和透射电镜观察细胞外基质骨架成分(胶原和弹力蛋白)的变化.对新鲜和去细胞处理的牛颈静脉血管壁(n=10)分别进行弹力蛋白(Fastin弹性蛋白法)和羟脯氨酸(碱水解、分光光度法)含量测定;并测定处理前后的热皱缩温度和抗张强度以比较组织稳定性.结果:去细胞处理牛颈静脉血管壁光镜和透射电镜检测提示细胞及其成分完全去除,组织间隙增宽,但胶原成分较好保留,弹力蛋白部分减少及断裂.与新鲜组织比较,去细胞组羟脯氨酸含量相对增加[(25.73±2.97)mg/g vs.(29.25±2.99)mg/g,P＜0.05],弹力蛋白含量相对减少[(159.71±21.06)ng/g vs.(134.91±35.40)mg/g,P＜0.05],热皱缩温度降低[(72.50±0.53)℃ vs.(69.75±0.54)℃,P＜0.05],抗张强度也下降明显[(5.19±0.65)MPa vs.(3.13±0.94)MPa,P＜0.05].结论:去细胞处理对牛颈静脉细胞外基质骨架有一定损害,牛颈静脉的组织稳定性有所下降,得到的细胞外基质基本成分需经进一步交联处理才可以作为组织工程支架材料.     

新型脱细胞脑组织修复支架的制备及其细胞相容性

 【目的】研制天然脱细胞脑组织修复支架,并对其形态结构、主要成分和细胞相容性进行分析,为研制出理想的脑损伤修复支架提供初步的实验依据。【方法】取成年Sprague-Dawley （SD）大鼠脑皮质,运用冻融、Triton X-100、脱氧胆酸钠、DNA/RNA酶等进行脱细胞处理并予京尼平（Genipin,GP）交联,对处理后的支架材料进行形态结构观察、主要成分分析和细胞相容性观察。【结果】经脱细胞处理后,脑组织细胞成分已去除,形态上具有高度仿生的三维立体空间网状结构。经GP交联后脱细胞支架空间网状结构变得更为明显,无菌保留3个月未见明显降解。平均孔径（14.9±2.5）μm,孔隙率达（90.4±2.2）％。脱细胞支架细胞外基质成分层粘连蛋白(Laminin,LN)强阳性表达、纤维粘连蛋白（Fibronectin,FN）和Ⅳ型胶原（Collagen Ⅳ,Col Ⅳ）弱阳性表达。神经干细胞与脱细胞支架共培养,HE可见细胞外基质支架间大量细胞粘附; SEM下可见大量神经干细胞粘附在支架材料表面,部分细胞表面有突起。【结论】初步研制的脱细胞脑组织支架呈立体空间网状结构,部分保留了细胞外基质成分,并具有良好的细胞相容性。     

不同脱细胞方法对猪主动脉瓣的组织学及生物力学特性的影响

目的:研究不同脱细胞方法对猪主动脉瓣的组织学及生物力学特性的影响。方法:瓣叶随机分为5组:新鲜瓣叶对照组(组Ⅰ)及脱细胞组(组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)。脱细胞处理:组Ⅱ用1％Triton X-100+核酸酶;组Ⅲ用0.01％胰蛋白酶+核酸酶;组Ⅳ用0.05％胰蛋白酶;组Ⅴ用1％Triton X-100+0.01％胰蛋白酶+核酸酶。瓣叶分别行大鼠皮下包埋,并测定生物力学特性。结果:组Ⅳ瓣叶纤维结构受损,其极限抗张强度明显下降(P<0.05),其余3个脱细胞组生物力学性能无变化。组Ⅳ、Ⅴ瓣叶皮下包埋的炎性反应较组Ⅱ、Ⅲ为轻。结论:1％Triton X-100+0.01％胰蛋白酶+核酸酶脱细胞法能更好地降低瓣叶的免疫原性并保持其生物力学特性,是一种较为理想的脱细胞方法。     

脱细胞血管基质的制备方法研究

目的:通过不同脱细胞方法制备脱细胞血管基质材料,比较筛选出较为理想的血管脱细胞方法,为临床血管修复提供良好的组织工程生物材料。方法:1采用不同浓度的胰蛋白酶、Triton X-100、SDS组合,对牛血管进行脱细胞处理,制备脱细胞牛血管基质。2苏木素-伊红染色,观察细胞核残留情况,以比较脱细胞效果。3利用微量样品基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取脱细胞血管基质的DNA,超微量蛋白核酸分析仪检测DNA含量。结果:大体观察:各组血管经过不同脱细胞方法处理后,所得脱细胞血管基质呈乳白色。苏木素-伊红染色观察:光镜下观察,可见各组均有不同程度的细胞核残留,其中1%胰蛋白酶+3%Triton X-100+1%SDS组和0.1%胰蛋白酶Triton X-100+0.5%SDS所制备的脱细胞血管基质细胞核残余最少,每高倍视野中细胞核残留不大于3。DNA提取检测:所提取DNA的含量显示,0.1%胰蛋白酶+3%Triton X-100+1%SDS和0.1%胰蛋白酶+3%Triton X-100+0.5%SDS的脱细胞效果较好,DNA残留量分别为0.22μg/mg和0.231μg/mg。结论:应用0.1%胰蛋白酶+3%Triton X-100+1%SDS和0.1%胰蛋白酶+3%Triton X-100+0.5%SDS的方法来制备脱细胞基质的效果较好。     

胰蛋白酶法和Triton—X100法去除瓣膜细胞的效果比较

目的比较胰蛋白酶法和Triton—X100法去除异种或同种心脏瓣膜上细胞的效果。方法选取新鲜猪主动脉瓣膜片分别置入0．05％胰酶溶液和0．25％Triton-X100溶液中处理48h，并以未经处理的新鲜瓣膜片作对照，行光镜及电镜观察．并作热皱缩温度、断裂强度和断裂拉伸率测定。结果光镜和电镜下均显示，胰酶法和Triton-X100法均彻底去除了主动脉瓣膜上的细胞成分，但Triton—X100法对瓣膜支架结构的损伤较大。热皱缩温度、断裂强度和断裂拉伸率在新鲜瓣膜组和胰酶组间无显著性差异，但Triton—X100组与新鲜瓣膜组及胰酶组相比均有下降。结论胰酶法去除猪主动脉瓣膜细胞彻底．保持了瓣叶支架结构，优于Triton—X100法。     

改良萃取法制备脱细胞神经支架的去髓鞘效果评价

【目的】评价改良化学方法制备脱细胞神经支架的去髓鞘与脱细胞效果。【方法】12只成年SD大鼠(230～280g),取双侧坐骨神经,随机分为3组,每组8例,分别采用不同的处理方法。正常对照组:不作任何处理;Hudson组:采用Triton X-200、磺基三甲铵乙内酯-10(SB-10)、磺基三甲铵乙内酯-16(SB-16)处理;改良组:采用Triton X-200、SB-10、SB-16联合脱氧胆酸钠(SDC)及过氧乙酸(PAA)处理。处理后行HE染色、甲苯胺蓝染色及透射电镜检查,观察脱细胞、去髓鞘程度及基底膜保存情况。【结果】形态学检查显示,与对照组相比,Hudson组中的细胞核结构完全消失,甲苯胺蓝染色为散在同心圆状的髓鞘结构,透射电镜下显示髓鞘板层成分保留,但有崩解断裂,轴突依然存在;改良组细胞核完全去除,与Hudson组不同的是,甲苯胺蓝染色显示为不规则多孔状结构,髓鞘成分消失,透射电镜下显示髓鞘及轴突成分彻底去除,基底膜管壁结构清晰并完整保留。【结论】改良萃取法制备脱细胞神经支架能够有效地去除细胞和髓鞘成分,同时基底膜管结构保留完整。     

优化脱细胞处理制备心肌ECM薄片——探索制备“心肌生物创可贴的脚手架”

【目的】 研究表明,移植用组织工程技术在体外构建工程心肌(engineered cardiac tissue, ECT)明显修复心泵功能。将心肌脱细胞处理制备出保留天然成分、超微结构和三维结构的心肌细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM),能有效支持细胞的存活和生长,并影响其迁移和分化,可被用于构建仿生ECT。然而目前的脱细胞方法尚存在不足。本研究拟联合使用经典脱细胞试剂SDS和Triton X-100,改良脱细胞方法,制备性能更为优良的心肌ECM薄片,为构建仿生工程心肌片提共理想的生物支架。 【方法】 取6周龄成年昆明小白鼠心脏,经处理、包埋后沿横断面切成300 μm心室肌薄片,置于4℃无钙台氏液中保存。将切片分为正常对照组、SDS脱细胞组和改良脱细胞组。改良脱细胞组心肌片置于0.1%SDS中,37℃振荡反应11.5 h,去掉SDS,加入PBS漂洗3次,再加入0.5%Triton X-100,37℃振荡反应0.5 h。SDS组心室肌薄片按相同反应条件用0.1%SDS处理12 h。两组反应结束后,均加入PBS振荡漂洗3次,时间分别为10 min、30 min和1 h,以去除残余脱细胞试剂。正常对照组心室肌薄片置于含双抗的PBS中37℃振荡反应12 h。通过细胞成分定量(总RNA定量和总蛋白定量分析)、H-E染色和免疫荧光染色(胶原蛋白Ⅵ、层粘连蛋白和Heochst33247)评估脱细胞程度和ECM成分保留。将改良脱细胞组ECM与小鼠胚胎干细胞源心肌细胞(murine embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, mES-CMs)和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(murine embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs)共培养,通过动态观察和H-E染色的方法检测其生物相容性。 【结果】 SDS+Triton X-100改良脱细胞法能有效降低残留细胞成分含量;改良脱细胞法对核质去除较SDS脱细胞法更加彻底;改良脱细胞法更好地保留了胶原蛋白Ⅵ和层粘连蛋白两种ECM关键成分;改良脱细胞法制得的ECM能有效支持种子细胞生长和迁移。 【结论】 SDS+Triton X-100联合脱细胞法能更有效地去除细胞成分,并保护ECM中关键成分及其结构。制得的心肌ECM薄片具有良好的生物相容性。     

脱细胞血管基质的生物相容性研究

目的评估Triton X-100和胰蛋白酶方法制备的猪脱细胞血管基质的生物相容性。方法分别采用体外细胞毒性试验(直接接触法和MTT法)检测脱细胞血管基质的细胞毒性,采用皮下植入试验来评估经脱细胞血管基质的免疫排斥反应。结果L929细胞在预铺脱细胞血管基质的培养板内及不同浓度脱细胞基质浸提液内均生长良好,皮下植入试验显示2周后脱细胞血管基质的炎性反应明显减轻。结论经Triton X-100和胰蛋白酶方法制备的猪脱细胞血管基质具有良好的生物相容性。     

睾酮对损伤的血管组织血管细胞黏附分子-1的表达和内膜增殖的影响

目的 观察内外源性睾酮对球囊损伤的血管组织血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)的表达和内膜增殖的影响.方法 30只雄性家兔随机等分为替代组、单纯去势组和对照组,前两组动物行去势术(切除双侧睾丸和附睾),后一组动物行相应假手术;均于去势术后2周行右侧髂动脉内皮剥脱术,替代组同时给予十一酸睾酮.脱内皮术后2周将动物处死,取损伤血管段,应用免疫组织化学法观察血管组织VCAM-1的表达、应用HE染色观察血管病理形态的变化.结果 与单纯去势组和对照组相比,替代组脱内皮术后2周损伤血管组织VCAM-1表达明显增强[(0.3465±0.0084)vs(0.3109±0.0056)及(0.3180±0.0099),分别P＜0.001和0.01],损伤血管内膜面积和内膜/中膜面积比值明显增大[(1.65±0.39)mm2 vs(0.65±0.18)mm2及(0.75±0.21)mm2,(0.92±0.20)vs(0.38±0.07)及(0.43±0.09),均P＜0.01],而前两组之间上述指标相比差异无显著性栽(均P＞0.05).结论 雄性兔去势后补充该实验剂量的外源性睾酮可促进损伤的血管组织表达VCAM-1和促进内膜增生,而内源性睾酮水平短时降低对损伤血管组织VCAM-1的表达和内膜增生无影响.     

不同方法脱猪主动脉瓣细胞效果比较

目的:比较不同脱细胞方法处理猪主动脉瓣叶的效果,探讨组织工程心脏瓣膜生物支架的最佳制备方法.方法:取猪主动脉瓣膜,消毒后随机分组.Ⅰ组瓣叶不做处理,作为对照组.Ⅱ组Triton X-100、核酸酶(DNaseⅠ、RNase Ⅰ)处理.Ⅲ组采用低浓度胰蛋白酶、EDTA、核酸酶、DCA处理.Ⅳ组用DCA、核酸酶处理.对各组脱细胞瓣叶进行大体、光镜、电镜观察及理化检测.结果:Ⅳ组方法不可完全去除细胞成分,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组方法可完全去除细胞成分,但Ⅱ组瓣叶原有的超微结构有所改变.结论:低浓度胰蛋白酶、EDTA、核酸酶、DCA联合应用是理想的组织工程心脏瓣膜生物支架制备方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.