黄河裸裂尻鱼肥胖基因克隆及其对青藏高原季节性冷环境的适应性表达

【摘要】 目的 克隆黄河裸裂尻鱼肥胖基因（obese gene, ob），分析编码蛋白leptin的序列特征，检测ob mRNA的组织特异性表达和不同环境温度下肝胰脏和白肌ob mRNA的相对表达水平，为探究黄河裸裂尻鱼在青藏高原季节性寒冷环境下的生态适应机制提供科学数据。方法 利用RT-PCT、5′-RACE和3''-RACE法获得ob基因全长cDNA序列。通过已知cDNA序列设计半定量RT-PCR和Real-time PCR引物，进行表达研究。结果 黄河裸裂尻鱼ob基因序列全长为1337bp，其中开放阅读框（ORF）长513bp，编码170个氨基酸。黄河裸裂尻鱼ob mRNA在心脏、肾脏、脂肪、肠、精巢、肝胰脏、鳃、脑和肌肉9个被检组织中均有表达，其中在心脏中表达最强，肌肉组织中表达最弱。栖息水域环境温度下降，将显著抑制黄河裸裂尻鱼肝胰脏和白肌ob mRNA的表达。结论 黄河裸裂尻鱼ob基因特殊的组织表达特征可能与其特定组织的能量代谢及其特殊的生物学功能有关。Leptin在黄河裸裂尻鱼能量代谢调节和季节性环境适应方面发挥着重要作用。     

广西巴马小型猪PGC-1α基因克隆与组织表达分析

目的 克隆广西巴马小型猪PGC-1α基因编码区（CDS）序列，利用RT-PCR和QRT-PCR方法分析PGC-1α mRNA组织表达情况。方法 本实验以广西巴马小型猪背最长肌cDNA为模版，PCR扩增PGC-1α基因CDS序列，将其连接至pEASY-T5载体，转染细菌、验证和序列测定；通过RT-PCR半定量和QRT-PCR实时荧光定量检测PGC-1α基因在小型猪多个组织中的表达情况。 结果 克隆获得广西巴马小型猪PGC-1α基因CDS序列，全长2391bp，编码796个氨基酸，与参考序列的同源性为99.9%，两处碱基发生同义突变，分别C-A1105和G-A1524；PGC-1α基因在广西巴马小型猪心脏和肾脏中的表达丰度最高，其次是肝脏、皮下脂肪和背最长肌，而在胰腺中未检测到其表达。 结论 成功克隆了广西巴马小型猪PGC-1α基因编码区序列并进行了多种组织表达分析，为后续研究PGC-1α在小型猪2型糖尿病发生过程中作用途径打下基础。     

黄河裸裂尻鱼MSTN基因RNA干扰研究

目的 利用反义寡合甘酸技术抑制肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin, MSTN）的表达,评估MSTN基因的沉默效果,并检测RNA干扰后对下游基因的影响。方法 通过构建黄河裸裂尻鱼（Schizopygopsis pylzovi）MSTN基因RNA干扰（RNAi）重组腺病毒载体1P3（DSP MSTN 273+250+1737）和1P2（DSP MSTN 195+1670）,并将其注射黄河裸裂尻鱼肌肉组织,进行活体RNA干扰;利用Real-time PCR和Western-blotting评估MSTN基因的沉默效果,并检测MSTN基因RNA干扰后肌肉肌酸激酶（muscle-type creatine kinase, M-CK）基因转录水平的调控作用。结果 Real-time PCR分析结果表明,与HK组（病毒通用阴性对照组）和N组（空白对照组）相比,重组腺病毒载体1P3对黄河裸裂尻鱼肌肉MSTN基因的转录具有明显的干扰作用（P<0.05）,抑制率达53.5%;而重组腺病毒载体1P2对MSTN基因的转录无明显干扰作用（P>0.05）。Western-blotting分析结果与Real-time PCR结果相一致。同时,经1P3干扰后随着MSTN基因转录水平的下降,其肌肉肌酸激酶M-CK基因表达水平显著上升。结论 通过RNAi技术能够有效的抑制MSTN基因的表达,并能够上调M-CK基因的表达量。因此,证明了在黄河裸裂尻鱼中MSTN能够抑制M-CK的转录。揭示高原土著鱼类MSTN 基因的对肌肉的生长发育起到调控作用。     

小鼠TLR4基因的克隆和序列分析

目的:克隆小鼠TLR4基因的全长编码区cDNA并进行序列分析. 方法:利用RT-PCR方法,从Balb/c小鼠脾组织细胞mRNA中扩增TLR4基因全长cDNA,并将其连接到pcDNA3.1( )载体上,进行测序和核酸分析.结果:扩增得到的小鼠TLR4基因cDNA全长2 508 bp,编码536个氨基酸, Blast结果分析表明,该cDNA与基因库中发表的序列(NM021297)具有100%的同源性.结论:获得小鼠TLR4基因的克隆,为进一步研究转基因免疫干预奠定了基础.     

日本血吸虫核苷二磷酸激酶基因的获得和序列分析

目的 从日本血吸虫(Schistosorna japonicum,Sj)成虫cDNA文库中筛选日本血吸虫新基因，为日本血吸虫病的防治提供药物靶标或候选疫苗。方法 筛选日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库，随机挑取重组阳性克隆进行DNA测序，再对新基因序列进行步移法测序获取全长cDNA，并利用生物信息学技术对其进行分析。结果 获得了1个编码日本血吸虫核苷二磷酸激酶新基因的cDNA序列(AY226980)，全长594bp，编码157个氨基酸，编码蛋白与人类或鸽、鸡、鼠及果蝇的核苷二磷酸激酶高度同源。结论 利用表达序列标签法、步移法测序和生物信息学技术三者相结合，成功获得了编码日本血吸虫核苷二磷酸激酶基因的cDNA序列。     

一个新的基因转录本的克隆及序列分析

目的：筛选与精子发生和(或)睾丸发育相关的基因。方法：将不同发育阶段(胚胎和成人)的睾丸组织cDNA探针与人睾丸cDNA芯片进行杂交，通过杂交信号的比较，筛选出差异表达的基因。结果与结论：经测序发现该基因全长1316bp，包含1个1056bp的开放阅读框，编码351个氨基酸。生物信息学序列分析表明，它是p44S10基因家族的一条新的转录本基因，该基因的氨基酸序列编码一26S蛋白酶体调控亚基，在进化中高度保守，提示了该基因在生物体中的重要作用。     

大鼠心脏TNNT2基因的克隆及表达研究

目的克隆大鼠心脏TNNT2基因，研究其表达情况。方法以成年SD大鼠心脏为实验材料，提取其总RNA并反转录；根据Genebank中提供的大鼠TNNT2基因cDNA序列，利用PCR方法扩增此序列，并进行表达研究。结果克隆了大鼠心脏TNNT2基因cDNA全长，反转录后克隆出TNNT2 cDNA全长并与Genebank中提供的序列对比发现了新的cNDA序列，递交至Genebank数据库，登陆号为：EU295527。组织表达谱研究表明TNNT2基因在大鼠心脏、肾、肝、脾、肺、肌肉中均有表达，以心脏中表达最高（P〈0．05）。结论首次克隆了大鼠TNNT2 cDNA，Genebank登陆号：EU295527。TNNT2基因在多种组织中有表达，在心脏中表达最高。     

吴茱萸Mn/Fe-SOD基因全长cDNA克隆及序列分析

目的 克隆吴茱萸Mn/Fe-SOD基因的全长cDNA序列。方法 根据已获得的吴茱萸Mn/Fe-SOD基因核心片段序列设计4条特异性引物,采用RACE和巢式PCR方法克隆获得吴茱萸Mn/Fe-SOD基因全长cDNA。结果 吴茱萸Mn/Fe-SOD基因全长cDNA序列共1 048 bp,包含一个687 bp的开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）,共编码228个氨基酸。结论 首次从吴茱萸中克隆得到了Mn/Fe-SOD基因的全长cDNA序列,为研究该基因在吴茱萸体内超量表达以提高植物抗逆性研究奠定基础。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.