格列吡嗪片健康人体生物等效性研究

目的　研究格列吡嗪片在健康人体内的生物等效性。方法　 9名健康受试者单剂量随机交叉口服格列吡嗪片参比制剂和被试制剂 5mg,采用HPLC法测定用药后不同时间的血药浓度。结果　二制剂健康人体的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型 ,Tmax分别为 (3 0± 0 )h和 (3 0± 0 )h ,Cmax分别为 (30 5± 2 2 ) μg·L-1和 (2 99± 13) μg·L-1;T1/2 分别 (3 2 4± 0 37)h和 (3 2 2± 0 4 0 )h ;AUC分别为 (14 90± 70 ) μg·h·L-1和 (14 90± 70 ) μg·h·L-1。被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (10 0 4± 7 8) %。结论　方差分析和单双侧t检验证明 ,两种制剂具有生物等效性     

尼莫地平在健康人体内的药动学和相对生物利用度

目的 :研究尼莫地平在健康人体内的药动学和相对生物利用度。方法 :8名健康受试者单剂量随机交叉口服尼莫地平标准参比制剂和待测制剂 1 2 0mg,采用HPLC法测定用药后不同时间的血药浓度。结果 :2种制剂的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型 ,AUC分别为 (1 4 3.1± 9.9) μg·h·L-1 和 (1 37.0± 7.3) μg·h·L-1 ,Cmax分别为 (83.1±7.4 ) μg·L-1 和 (80 .8± 4 .6 ) μg·L-1 ,Tmax分别为 (1 .0 0± 0 .0 0 )h和 (1 .0 6± 0 .1 7)h。待测制剂的相对生物利用度为 (96 .0± 5 .9) %。经双向单侧t检验证明 ,2种制剂的AUC、Cmax相比 ,差异均无统计学意义。结论 :2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

盐酸曲马多片剂人体相对生物利用度

目的:研究盐酸曲马多片剂在人体内的相对生物利用度。方法:采用HPLC法测定 18名男性健康受试者单剂量交叉口服 100mg2种盐酸曲马多片剂后不同时间血浆中的药物浓度。结果: 2制剂药 时曲线均符合一房室模型,Cmax分别为(410. 0±71. 1)μg·L-1和 (427. 0±57. 1)μg·L-1,Tmax分别为 (2. 20±0. 49)h和 (2. 20±0. 55)h;T1 /2ke分别为(7. 13±0. 83 )h和 ( 7. 08±0. 74 )h;AUCt0 分别为 ( 4 376±855 )μg·h·L-1和 ( 4 514±1 068)μg·h·L-1,AUC∞0 分别为(5 184±1 112)μg·h·L-1和(5 241±1 330)μg·h·L-1。与参比制剂相比,被试制剂的Ft0 为(98. 94±16. 04)%,F∞0 为(1 101. 90±21. 92)%。结论: 2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

格列齐特片健康人体药物动力学及相对生物利用度

目的　研究格列齐特片的健康人体药物动力学及相对生物利用度。方法　 8例健康受试者单剂量交叉口服格列齐特片标准参比制剂和被试制剂 80mg后 ,用高效液色谱法测定血浆中格列齐特片浓度。结果　两药体内过程均符合一房室开放模型 ,Tmax分别为 (5 5 0± 0 5 3)h和 (5 0 0± 0 5 3)h ,Cmax为 (2 95± 0 4 1)mg·L-1和 (3 0 2± 0 31)mg·L-1,AUC为 (45 79± 5 99)mg·h·L-1和 (42 99± 6 93)mg·h·L-1,被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (10 2 9± 8 2 ) %。两种制剂的药动学参数无显著性差异。结论　两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

盐酸氟桂利嗪片在健康人体中的相对生物利用度

目的：研究盐酸氟桂利嗪片在健康人体中的药物动力学及相对生物利用度。方法：以哈尔滨北方制药厂生产的盐酸氟桂利嗪片为参比制剂,河南省濮阳市第二制药厂研制的盐酸氟桂利嗪片为受试制剂。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定8名志愿者单剂量交叉口服50 mg盐酸氟桂利嗪片后不同时刻的血药浓度。结果：2制剂的血药浓度-时间曲线均符合一房室开放模型。其AUC分别为(1 686±216)μg·h·L-1和(1 755±151)μg·L-1;Cmax分别为(172±14)μg·L-1和(165±15)μg·L-1;Tmax分别为(3.27±O.19)h和(3.32±0.22)h。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(103.7±7.7)％。结论：2制剂具有生物等效性。     

头孢克洛在健康人体的药代动力学和相对生物利用度

目的:研究头孢克洛在健康人体的药动学及相对生物利用度。方法:18名健康受试者随机交叉单剂量口服头孢克洛片标准参比制剂和被试制剂500mg,采用微生物法测定不同时间血清中药物浓度。结果:两制剂的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型,其主要药动学参数Cmax分别为(13.94±1.55)mg·L-1和(14.10±1.45)mg·L-1,Tmax为(0.72±0.15)h和(0.75±0.12)h,T1/2ke为(0.65±0.05)h和(0.69±0.06)h,AUCt0为(15.78±2.75)mg·h·L-1和(14.86±2.98)mg·h·L-1,AUC∞0为(15.96±2.74)mg·h·L-1和(15.10±3.04)mg·h·L-1。被试制剂的相对生物利用度为(107.99±17.82)%。结论:2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

青霉素V钾颗粒剂在健康人体中的药动学及相对生物利用度

目的 :研究青霉素V钾颗粒剂在健康人体中的相对生物利用度 ,评价其生物等效性。方法 :以美国进口的青霉素V钾片为标准参比制剂 ,研究洛阳春都制药公司研制的青霉素V钾颗粒剂相对生物利用度。 10名健康受试者随机交叉口服青霉素V钾被试及参比制剂各 15 0 0mg后 ,采用微生物法测定不同时间血清中药物浓度 ,用3P87软件经微机处理药 时数据。结果 :2种制剂的体内过程均符合二房室开放模型。Cmax分别为 (12 92± 2 2 1)mg·L- 1 和 (12 91± 2 0 4)mg·L- 1 ,Tmax均为 (0 70± 0 11)h ,曲线下面积 (AUC)分别为 (2 0 30± 2 90 )mg·h·L- 1 和 (19 39±2 35 )mg·h·L- 1 。与参比制剂相比 ,被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (96 0 0± 5 5 6 ) % (86 14%～ 10 5 35 % )。结论 :对2种制剂的AUC、Cmax等进行方差分析、双单侧t检验证明 ,2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

地尔硫(艹卓)缓释片在健康人体的药物动力学

目的 :研究地尔硫 卓艹 缓释片在健康人体的药物动力学及相对生物利用度。方法 :以上海产地尔硫 卓艹 缓释片为参比制剂 ,焦作市第二制药厂产地尔硫卓艹 缓释片为受试制剂 ,分别进行单次和多次用药试验 ,12名受试者采用随机交叉口服单剂量 (12 0mg)和多剂量 (6 0mg ,3次 /d ,共用 5d)地尔硫卓艹 缓释片。高效液相色谱 (HPLC)法测定用药后不同时间血清中地尔硫 卓艹质量浓度 ,用 3P87软件处理药 时数据。结果 :单次用药后 ,2制剂的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型 ,血药浓度分别在用药后 (2 .0 0± 0 .5 2 )h和 (1.88± 0 .43)h达峰值 (131± 17) μg·L-1和 (12 2± 11)μg·L-1,药时曲线下面积 (AUC)分别为 (112 2± 2 5 6 ) μg·L-1和 (110 9± 2 32 ) μg·h·L-1,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(10 0 .0± 11.9) % (84.4%～ 117.5 % ) ;多次用药血药浓度达稳态后 ,峰浓度 (Cmax)分别为 (111± 8) μg·L-1和 (10 9± 9)μg·L-1,谷浓度 (Cmin)分别为 (35± 9) μg·L-1和 (38± 10 ) μg·L-1。两者血药浓度波动系数 (FI)分别为 (1.2 3± 0 .2 9)和 (1.12± 0 .2 3)。结论 :受试制剂在健康人体具有明显的缓释特征 ,且和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

盐酸曲马多片人体药代动力学和生物等效性

目的 :比较国产和进口盐酸曲马多片在人体内的药物代谢动力学和生物等效度 ,确保临床用药质量 .方法 :1 8例男性健康受试者采用标准二阶段自身交叉对照试验法服用药物 ,以高效液相色谱荧光法测定受试者服药后 2 4h内血清中曲马多经时浓度 ,计算曲马多的药动学参数 ,并将数据作统计学处理 .结果 :国产和进口盐酸曲马多的血药达峰时间Tmax(实测值 )分别为 (2 .3± 0 .7)和 (2 .3± 0 .7)h ,峰值血清浓度Cmax(实测值 )分别为 (2 2 3± 79)和 (2 2 9± 6 5 ) μg·L-1 ,药时曲线下面积AUC(0 2 4h) 分别为 (2 1 73± 6 80 )和 (2 2 5 2± 5 97)μg·h·L-1 ,两种盐酸曲马多片上述药动学参数间均无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,国产对进口盐酸曲马多片的相对生物利用度为 96 .4 0 % .结论 :两种制剂在人体内具有生物等效性     

吉非罗齐胶囊在健康人体内的相对生物利用度

目的 :研究吉非罗齐胶囊在健康人体内的相对生物利用度。方法 :采用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)法测定 18名男性健康受试者单剂量交叉口服 90 0mg 2种吉非罗齐胶囊后不同时间血浆中的药物浓度。结果 :二者药 时曲线均符合一房室模型 ,Cmax分别为 (45 .2 4± 10 .15 )mg·L-1和 (43.38± 9.84 )mg·L-1;Tmax分别为 (2 .4 7± 0 .93)h和 (2 .2 5±0 .75 )h ;T1/ 2 分别 (1.5 9± 0 .19)h和 (1.75± 0 .2 9)h ;AUC分别为 (16 5 .79± 37.79)mg·h·L-1和 (15 6 .39± 32 .2 8)mg·h·L-1。被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (95 .5 5± 11.4 5 ) % (77.0 3%～ 119.4 5 % )。结论 :2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…