格列吡嗪片健康人体生物等效性研究

目的　研究格列吡嗪片在健康人体内的生物等效性。方法　 9名健康受试者单剂量随机交叉口服格列吡嗪片参比制剂和被试制剂 5mg,采用HPLC法测定用药后不同时间的血药浓度。结果　二制剂健康人体的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型 ,Tmax分别为 (3 0± 0 )h和 (3 0± 0 )h ,Cmax分别为 (30 5± 2 2 ) μg·L-1和 (2 99± 13) μg·L-1;T1/2 分别 (3 2 4± 0 37)h和 (3 2 2± 0 4 0 )h ;AUC分别为 (14 90± 70 ) μg·h·L-1和 (14 90± 70 ) μg·h·L-1。被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (10 0 4± 7 8) %。结论　方差分析和单双侧t检验证明 ,两种制剂具有生物等效性     

尼莫地平在健康人体内的药动学和相对生物利用度

目的 :研究尼莫地平在健康人体内的药动学和相对生物利用度。方法 :8名健康受试者单剂量随机交叉口服尼莫地平标准参比制剂和待测制剂 1 2 0mg,采用HPLC法测定用药后不同时间的血药浓度。结果 :2种制剂的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型 ,AUC分别为 (1 4 3.1± 9.9) μg·h·L-1 和 (1 37.0± 7.3) μg·h·L-1 ,Cmax分别为 (83.1±7.4 ) μg·L-1 和 (80 .8± 4 .6 ) μg·L-1 ,Tmax分别为 (1 .0 0± 0 .0 0 )h和 (1 .0 6± 0 .1 7)h。待测制剂的相对生物利用度为 (96 .0± 5 .9) %。经双向单侧t检验证明 ,2种制剂的AUC、Cmax相比 ,差异均无统计学意义。结论 :2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

盐酸曲马多片剂人体相对生物利用度

目的:研究盐酸曲马多片剂在人体内的相对生物利用度。方法:采用HPLC法测定 18名男性健康受试者单剂量交叉口服 100mg2种盐酸曲马多片剂后不同时间血浆中的药物浓度。结果: 2制剂药 时曲线均符合一房室模型,Cmax分别为(410. 0±71. 1)μg·L-1和 (427. 0±57. 1)μg·L-1,Tmax分别为 (2. 20±0. 49)h和 (2. 20±0. 55)h;T1 /2ke分别为(7. 13±0. 83 )h和 ( 7. 08±0. 74 )h;AUCt0 分别为 ( 4 376±855 )μg·h·L-1和 ( 4 514±1 068)μg·h·L-1,AUC∞0 分别为(5 184±1 112)μg·h·L-1和(5 241±1 330)μg·h·L-1。与参比制剂相比,被试制剂的Ft0 为(98. 94±16. 04)%,F∞0 为(1 101. 90±21. 92)%。结论: 2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

格列齐特片健康人体药物动力学及相对生物利用度

目的　研究格列齐特片的健康人体药物动力学及相对生物利用度。方法　 8例健康受试者单剂量交叉口服格列齐特片标准参比制剂和被试制剂 80mg后 ,用高效液色谱法测定血浆中格列齐特片浓度。结果　两药体内过程均符合一房室开放模型 ,Tmax分别为 (5 5 0± 0 5 3)h和 (5 0 0± 0 5 3)h ,Cmax为 (2 95± 0 4 1)mg·L-1和 (3 0 2± 0 31)mg·L-1,AUC为 (45 79± 5 99)mg·h·L-1和 (42 99± 6 93)mg·h·L-1,被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (10 2 9± 8 2 ) %。两种制剂的药动学参数无显著性差异。结论　两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

盐酸氟桂利嗪片在健康人体中的相对生物利用度

目的：研究盐酸氟桂利嗪片在健康人体中的药物动力学及相对生物利用度。方法：以哈尔滨北方制药厂生产的盐酸氟桂利嗪片为参比制剂,河南省濮阳市第二制药厂研制的盐酸氟桂利嗪片为受试制剂。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定8名志愿者单剂量交叉口服50 mg盐酸氟桂利嗪片后不同时刻的血药浓度。结果：2制剂的血药浓度-时间曲线均符合一房室开放模型。其AUC分别为(1 686±216)μg·h·L-1和(1 755±151)μg·L-1;Cmax分别为(172±14)μg·L-1和(165±15)μg·L-1;Tmax分别为(3.27±O.19)h和(3.32±0.22)h。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(103.7±7.7)％。结论：2制剂具有生物等效性。     

头孢克洛在健康人体的药代动力学和相对生物利用度

目的:研究头孢克洛在健康人体的药动学及相对生物利用度。方法:18名健康受试者随机交叉单剂量口服头孢克洛片标准参比制剂和被试制剂500mg,采用微生物法测定不同时间血清中药物浓度。结果:两制剂的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型,其主要药动学参数Cmax分别为(13.94±1.55)mg·L-1和(14.10±1.45)mg·L-1,Tmax为(0.72±0.15)h和(0.75±0.12)h,T1/2ke为(0.65±0.05)h和(0.69±0.06)h,AUCt0为(15.78±2.75)mg·h·L-1和(14.86±2.98)mg·h·L-1,AUC∞0为(15.96±2.74)mg·h·L-1和(15.10±3.04)mg·h·L-1。被试制剂的相对生物利用度为(107.99±17.82)%。结论:2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

青霉素V钾颗粒剂在健康人体中的药动学及相对生物利用度

目的 :研究青霉素V钾颗粒剂在健康人体中的相对生物利用度 ,评价其生物等效性。方法 :以美国进口的青霉素V钾片为标准参比制剂 ,研究洛阳春都制药公司研制的青霉素V钾颗粒剂相对生物利用度。 10名健康受试者随机交叉口服青霉素V钾被试及参比制剂各 15 0 0mg后 ,采用微生物法测定不同时间血清中药物浓度 ,用3P87软件经微机处理药 时数据。结果 :2种制剂的体内过程均符合二房室开放模型。Cmax分别为 (12 92± 2 2 1)mg·L- 1 和 (12 91± 2 0 4)mg·L- 1 ,Tmax均为 (0 70± 0 11)h ,曲线下面积 (AUC)分别为 (2 0 30± 2 90 )mg·h·L- 1 和 (19 39±2 35 )mg·h·L- 1 。与参比制剂相比 ,被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (96 0 0± 5 5 6 ) % (86 14%～ 10 5 35 % )。结论 :对2种制剂的AUC、Cmax等进行方差分析、双单侧t检验证明 ,2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

地尔硫(艹卓)缓释片在健康人体的药物动力学

目的 :研究地尔硫 卓艹 缓释片在健康人体的药物动力学及相对生物利用度。方法 :以上海产地尔硫 卓艹 缓释片为参比制剂 ,焦作市第二制药厂产地尔硫卓艹 缓释片为受试制剂 ,分别进行单次和多次用药试验 ,12名受试者采用随机交叉口服单剂量 (12 0mg)和多剂量 (6 0mg ,3次 /d ,共用 5d)地尔硫卓艹 缓释片。高效液相色谱 (HPLC)法测定用药后不同时间血清中地尔硫 卓艹质量浓度 ,用 3P87软件处理药 时数据。结果 :单次用药后 ,2制剂的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型 ,血药浓度分别在用药后 (2 .0 0± 0 .5 2 )h和 (1.88± 0 .43)h达峰值 (131± 17) μg·L-1和 (12 2± 11)μg·L-1,药时曲线下面积 (AUC)分别为 (112 2± 2 5 6 ) μg·L-1和 (110 9± 2 32 ) μg·h·L-1,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(10 0 .0± 11.9) % (84.4%～ 117.5 % ) ;多次用药血药浓度达稳态后 ,峰浓度 (Cmax)分别为 (111± 8) μg·L-1和 (10 9± 9)μg·L-1,谷浓度 (Cmin)分别为 (35± 9) μg·L-1和 (38± 10 ) μg·L-1。两者血药浓度波动系数 (FI)分别为 (1.2 3± 0 .2 9)和 (1.12± 0 .2 3)。结论 :受试制剂在健康人体具有明显的缓释特征 ,且和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

盐酸曲马多片人体药代动力学和生物等效性

目的 :比较国产和进口盐酸曲马多片在人体内的药物代谢动力学和生物等效度 ,确保临床用药质量 .方法 :1 8例男性健康受试者采用标准二阶段自身交叉对照试验法服用药物 ,以高效液相色谱荧光法测定受试者服药后 2 4h内血清中曲马多经时浓度 ,计算曲马多的药动学参数 ,并将数据作统计学处理 .结果 :国产和进口盐酸曲马多的血药达峰时间Tmax(实测值 )分别为 (2 .3± 0 .7)和 (2 .3± 0 .7)h ,峰值血清浓度Cmax(实测值 )分别为 (2 2 3± 79)和 (2 2 9± 6 5 ) μg·L-1 ,药时曲线下面积AUC(0 2 4h) 分别为 (2 1 73± 6 80 )和 (2 2 5 2± 5 97)μg·h·L-1 ,两种盐酸曲马多片上述药动学参数间均无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,国产对进口盐酸曲马多片的相对生物利用度为 96 .4 0 % .结论 :两种制剂在人体内具有生物等效性     

吉非罗齐胶囊在健康人体内的相对生物利用度

目的 :研究吉非罗齐胶囊在健康人体内的相对生物利用度。方法 :采用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)法测定 18名男性健康受试者单剂量交叉口服 90 0mg 2种吉非罗齐胶囊后不同时间血浆中的药物浓度。结果 :二者药 时曲线均符合一房室模型 ,Cmax分别为 (45 .2 4± 10 .15 )mg·L-1和 (43.38± 9.84 )mg·L-1;Tmax分别为 (2 .4 7± 0 .93)h和 (2 .2 5±0 .75 )h ;T1/ 2 分别 (1.5 9± 0 .19)h和 (1.75± 0 .2 9)h ;AUC分别为 (16 5 .79± 37.79)mg·h·L-1和 (15 6 .39± 32 .2 8)mg·h·L-1。被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (95 .5 5± 11.4 5 ) % (77.0 3%～ 119.4 5 % )。结论 :2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.