犬肺静脉前庭在心房颤动中的作用

目的探讨左房快速起搏对肺静脉前庭电生理重构的影响。方法采用S1S2程序刺激,快速起搏左房的方法建立心房颤动模型,在起搏前及起搏后4h对左上、左下、右上、右下肺静脉前庭有效不应期进行测定,并进行房颤诱发,记录房颤发生率。结果在起搏4h或诱发房颤下与窦性心律相比各部位有效不应期明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,并且随着起搏时间延长,房颤的诱发率也增加（P〈0．05）。结论快速心房起搏引起肺静脉前庭电生理重构。     

犬阵发性房颤转复窦律后时间依赖性心房电逆重构的研究

目的 探讨犬阵发性房颤转复期间时间依赖性心房电逆重构情况.方法 健康成年杂种犬18只,随机分为快速起搏组(n=10,ATP组)和假手术组(n=8,Sham组).分别于快速右心房起搏48 h及转复24 h期间,在0、48(起搏停止)、52、56、60、64,68、72 h电生理检测高右房(HRA)的有效不应期(ERP)、传导速度(CV)、折返波长(WL)、频率自适应性、房颤诱发率等反映心房电生理特性的指标.结果 起博48 h后,ATP组ERP、CV、WL较Sham组减少,ATP组频率自适应性较Sham组降低(P<0.05),房颤诱发率明显增加.停止起搏24 h后ERP、FA、房颤诱发率与Sham组及起搏前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CV与Sham组及起搏前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 犬48 h快速心房起搏所致左、右心房电重构在转复24 h后,ERP、FA、房颤诱发率发生逆转,但CV、WL仍不能逆转.     

导管消融去肾交感神经抑制星状神经节刺激诱发的心房颤动

【目的】探讨经导管射频消融去肾交感神经对交感神经过度激活介导的心房颤动的影响和心房电重构机制?【方法】 16只家犬随机分为对照组(n = 8)和去肾交感神经(RSD)组(n = 8),RSD组进行经导管射频消融去肾交感神经术,对照组行不消融肾交感神经的假手术,通过左侧星状神经节电刺激(LSG) +快速心房起搏(RAP)3 h建立交感神经介导的房颤犬模型?【结果】 LSG刺激联合RAP使左心耳?右心房?左上肺静脉?左下肺静脉部位的房颤诱发率升高,有效不应期缩短(ERP),有效不应期离散度增大,均较基础值有统计学差异(P < 0.05),RSD组消融后各部位房颤诱发率降低?ERP显著延长?ERP离散度显著缩小,与对照组相比有统计学差异(P < 0.05)?LSG刺激联合RAP引起各检测部位的R-R间期?SDNN缩短,LF?HF和LF/HF降低,均较基础值有统计学差异(P < 0.05);RSD可逆转LSG刺激联合RAP引起的这些心率变异性改变,与对照组相比具有统计学差异(P < 0.05)?【结论】 交感神经过度激活使房颤易于诱发?恶化急性心房电重构,RSD可有效降低房颤的诱发率,抑制心房电重构?改善心脏自主神经功能,提示RSD对交感神经过度激活介导的房颤的发生具有潜在抑制作用?     

电针刺激合谷穴抑制急性心房颤动的实验研究

目的探讨电针刺激（electricalstimulation,ES）合谷穴对心房颤动的影响。方法14只成年犬,麻醉后双侧第4肋间开胸,随机分为2组：7只犬单纯行心房快速起搏6h为对照组;7只犬行心房快速起搏6h中同时结合ES为实验组。在基础状态和每小时末测定心房和肺静脉各部位的有效不应期（effectiverefractoryperiod,ERP）和心房颤动诱发窗口（atrialfibrillationwindowofvulnerability,AFWOV）。结果对照组中,心房快速起搏6h导致各部位ERP逐渐降低,ERP离散度、AFWOV逐渐升高;ES实验组中,给予ES后抑制了心房快速起搏6h所导致的ERP、ERP离散度和AFWOV的变化。结论ES可抑制心房颤动的急性电重构。     

源于肺静脉阵发性房颤动物模型研究

目的：本研究以肺静脉快速电刺激模拟肺静脉自发放电，起源于肺静脉的阵发性房颤犬模型。方法：采用S1S1刺激100ms和S1S2程控刺激起搏左右心房和四条肺静脉诱发房颤。结果：S1S1刺激时各部位的房颤总诱发率为29．58％，S1S1刺激时各部位房颤总诱发率为8．27％。结论：快速起搏肺静脉能够造成肺静脉的电重构,进而诱发房早、房速和房颠。     

家兔急性房颤模型的建立

目的探讨经快速肺静脉起搏方法制作家兔急性心房颤动（房颤）动物模型的可行性。方法64只家兔随机分为实验组（n=32）及对照组（n=32）,对照组为假手术组通过开胸植入食道调搏电极但不起搏,实验组通过开胸植入食道调搏电极（程序刺激与Burst刺激相结合）刺激肺静脉建立家兔急性房颤模型,监测房颤的发生情况、持续时间及房颤时心室率变化情况,同时测定起搏前及房颤发生后心房有效不应期（AERP）的变化,并对心房组织超微结构进行观察。结果实验组经程序刺激诱发出房颤15只,爆发刺激诱发出房颤8只,房颤总诱发率为71．88％;对照组2只发生房颤,房颤发生率为6．25％。实验组房颤持续时间（40．53±3．70）min,对照组（17．05±1．55）min,两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。房颤时心室率[（307．64±2．74）次／min]明显快于基础心率[（227．70±1．02）次／min],有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;AERP缩短,AERP频率适应不良,与基础状态相比有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。实验组光镜下左心房组织切片HE染色观察到早期炎症表现。结论经快速肺静脉起搏方法制作房颤动物模型成功率高、重复性好,是建立急性房颤模型的有效方法。     

乙酰胆碱灌注对兔心房组织电生理特性的影响

目的 研究心房肌不同部位的电生理特性,并探讨迷走神经递质乙酰胆碱在房颤发生中的作用机制.方法 建立兔离体心脏四腔灌流模型,利用快速起搏方法诱导兔离体心脏发生房颤.分别观察单一高频刺激、乙酰胆碱灌流、乙酰胆碱灌流加高频刺激情况下左心房侧壁及肺静脉区出现局部房颤样电活动的早晚及持续时间.结果 高频刺激下,肺静脉区出现局部颤动,但刺激停止后立即消失.给予乙酰胆碱后肺静脉区局部房颤样电活动出现时间较左房侧壁出现时间早[(2.11±0.78)s vs(4.83±0.76)s,P ＜0.05],肺静脉区局部房颤样电活动持续时间亦较左房侧壁延长[(15.62±1.35)s vs(6.33±0.80)s,P ＜0.01].持续灌注乙酰胆碱情况下,高频刺激在2个部位均可立即引起局部房颤样电活动,但肺静脉区持续时间较左房侧壁长[(67.44±12.47)s vs(42.30±7.92)s,P ＜0.01].结论 心房组织存在电生理学特性差异,肺静脉区更易形成局部颤动.迷走神经递质乙酰胆碱可增强心房电学异质性及肺静脉区异常电活动.     

消融犬心脏脂肪垫对电刺激诱发房颤的影响

目的:研究消融犬心脏脂肪垫对电刺激诱发房颤的影响.方法:选用22只犬麻醉后经正中开胸(2只于开胸后不久死于室颤)暴露主动脉根部和上腔静脉中部的第三脂肪垫(SVC-AO FP)、右肺静脉脂肪垫(RPV FP)及下腔静脉、左房交界处脂肪垫(IVC-LA FP).采用7F大头导管消融脂肪垫.分别测定基础状态下、脂肪垫消融后的心房有效不应期(AERP)、不应期离散度(dAERP)及肺静脉有效不应期(PVERP).分别从左上肺静脉采取S1S1、S1S2两种诱发方案,在基础状态下及脂肪垫消融后分别诱发房颤.结果:(1)脂肪垫消融后与基础状态下比较:AERP自(137±16) ms 延长至(147±16) ms;dAERP自(17.0 ±4.6) ms 缩短至(12.0 ±4.3) ms;PVERP自(131±14) ms 延长至(141±9) ms, 消融后与基础状态下相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05).(2)消融后以S1S1或S1S2 刺激方案再次诱发房颤,S1S1 平均起搏周长自(173±25) ms缩短至(145±21) ms,起搏周长消融前后相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05).S1S2刺激未能诱发.结论:消融犬心脏脂肪垫影响肺静脉和心房的电重构,不利于房颤的诱发.     

心房颤动电生理重构的实验研究

目的 :研究心房颤动 (atrialfibrillation ,AF)时心房肌的电生理重构。方法 :快速持续起搏犬右心房 8～ 10周 ,制备持续性AF模型。比较对照犬 ( 8只 )与起搏犬 ( 10只 )的有效不应期 (effectiverefractoryperiod ,ERP)和心房颤动波周长 (atrialfibrillationcyclelength ,AFCL)的变化来分析心房肌的电生理重构。结果 :起搏组P波时间和PA间期比起搏前明显延长 (P波时间 90 5± 10 5对 5 3 6± 8 3ms ;PA间期 5 9 6± 8 8对 3 8 6± 11 4ms ,P <0 0 5 )。经程序刺激ERP较对照组明显缩短 (S1S13 0 0ms 115± 2 3对 15 0± 2 1;S1S14 0 0ms 10 5± 2 7对 15 4± 2 4ms ,P <0 0 5 )。同一心房不同部位的ERP和AFCL也存在差异。结论 :心房率的长期变化可引起ERP和AFCL的变化 ,即心房肌发生电生理重构 ,而且不同部位心房肌电生理重构是不同的。     

房颤电重构的离子通道及结构重构的分子生物基础

心房颤动(AF)是心律失常领域的研究热点,房颤电重构、结构重构是心房颤动细胞电生理的主要表现。近年来的研究发现,AF及快速心房起搏能引起心房电生理功能的改变,促使AF的发生和维持,这种现象称为心房电重构。电重构表现为心房动作电位时程(APD)及有效不应期(ERP)缩短,心房不应     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.