基于健康保障责任的县级医院综合改革思路探讨

从健康保障出发,县域的医疗服务需要由县域医疗服务体系承担,其中,县城医疗服务体系主要由公立医院组成.县政府通过县域医疗服务体系管理公立医院,由此确定相应的投入责任和管理体制.在医疗服务体系的管理下,外加医疗保险及新农合对医院医疗费用的管理,县级医院依据外部环境和条件,构造内部管理体制.当前县级医院管理体制改革中存在两个关键问题:一个是农村基层医疗卫生机构(乡镇卫生院和村卫生室)在医疗服务和预防保健服务上的连体问题:另一个是在经济上调整医患双方利益问题,解决这两个问题将有利于推进县公立医院综合改革.     

先融汇整合 再提质增效

正构建以人为本、优质高效的整合型医疗卫生服务体系,除了要提升医疗服务体系效能,还要改善医疗服务质量,通过分级诊疗解决服务效率问题。安徽省一直积极探索构建整合型医疗卫生服务体系,在县域,首创县域医共体模式,通过"两包三单六贯通"高效整合县域医疗卫生资源;在城市,创新紧密型城市医联体,落实"五包十统一"高效整合城市医疗卫生资源;推动大型医疗中心多院区管理和区域医疗中心建设,整合高端医疗资源;积极探索智联网医院模式,     

从“算数说话”到“说话算数”

<正>从全世界范围看，我国公立医院的门诊患者人次数、出院患者人数都是最多的，产生的和医疗服务行为相关的数据也是规模最大的。这些海量数据应该为医疗管理、医疗服务、医疗创新、医学人才培养提供有力的驱动。近年来，基于数据开展的公立医院绩效考核、公立医院高质量评价等工作，为推进公立医院精细化管理，医疗卫生服务体系供给侧改革提供了有力抓手，力争制定政策时“算数说话”，     

山东:找准县医院能力提升发力点

二级公立医院是医疗服务供给体系的重要组成部分,在分级诊疗服务体系中起到上下联通与衔接纽带的作用。县级公立医院更是作为县域医疗服务的龙头,为县域居民提供全方位医疗服务与保障。提升二级公立医院医疗服务能力,是构建优质高效医疗卫生服务体系的重点任务。     

声音

“促进医疗服务体系建设实现‘四个结合’,即城乡结合,城市医院持续帮扶县级医院;上下结合,大医院与基层医疗卫生机构、县级医院与乡村医疗卫生机构协作联动;急慢结合,大型公立医院在康复、慢病管理等方面让出市场空间,发展延伸服务机构;防治结合,以医院为平台发展公共卫生服务体系。”     

全域医疗服务体系的构建与实施研究

目的为整合城乡医疗资源,积极探索区域内全域医疗服务新模式,构建"小病在社区、大病进医院、康复回社区"的新型城市医疗卫生服务体系,以寻找并确定未来大型公立医院的改革发展方向和模式。方法收集某公立医院构建全域医疗服务体系的资料,并对所有资料、数据进行统计和归纳,作描述性分析和总结。结果全域医疗服务模式整合了区域医疗服务资源,可充分发挥区域医疗机构的整体服务功能,为区域内的居民提供更为有效、安全、价廉、优质的医疗服务。结论大医院与社区密切合作,构建区域内全域医疗服务体系,推行双向转诊,实行分级医疗,各级医疗机构各行其是,各负其责,合理统筹了城乡医疗卫生资源,为从根本上解决居民看病难问题提供了一种可行的服务模式。     

简讯

国务院:通过医疗卫生服务体系规划纲要国务院常务会议1月19日讨论通过了《全国医疗卫生服务体系规划纲要》,提出继续深化改革,坚持政府主导与市场机制相结合,优化医疗资源配置;分级设置各类公立医院,县级原则上设1个县办综合性医院和1个中医类医院,地市级和省级按人口规模合理设置地市办和省办的综合性医     

公立医院绩效资料的多层级可拓评价分析

<正>绩效评价是有效监督和管理医疗卫生机构的科学方法之一。公立医院作为我国医疗卫生服务体系的主体,担负着为广大人民群众提供基本医疗服务的社会职能。科学、合理的公立医院绩效评价是促进公立医院可持续发展的重要手段,也是新医改中保障公立医院改革成功的重要基础。公立医院绩效评价指运用科学、规范的管理学、财务学和数理统计学等方法,对公立医院一定时期内的经营管理效益,包括社会效益和经济效益,进行定量与定性的考核、分析,做出客观、公     

5C信用评价分析对医疗欠费评诂定性的重要作用

正公立医院是我国医疗服务体系的主体;是人民群众享受基本医疗卫生服务,确保人民健康的基石;是应对公共卫生突发事件逆行出征的主力军。公立医院的非营利性和公益性决定了在诊疗工作中,医务人员面对急危重症患者、"三无"人员及突发公共事件时,实行"先诊疗,后付费"的绿色通道政策,竭力让患者能在最佳时间、以最高效率接受治疗,确保广大人民群众的生命安全。在长期执行这一政策过程中,由于过去在医疗欠费问题上不同程度地存在"重救治、轻管理;重追讨、轻防范"现象,     

家庭医师整合型服务及其医保支付制度:台湾地区的经验与启示

台湾地区的全民健保紧密围绕基层诊所和家庭医师核心功能,探索实践了家庭医师整合型照护计划,其以医保带动医疗服务体系整合的经验值得借鉴。本文首先从卫生筹资、医保支付制度、服务体系结构与市场化制度安排等方面,简要概括了台湾地区医疗卫生体制和基层医疗卫生服务体系概况。其次,对台湾地区"家庭医师整合型照护计划"的政策目标、组织结构、运行机制、服务模式、医保支付制度等方面进行全面介绍,对其经验进行归纳总结。最后提出,在我国卫生服务整合实践中,应以全科医生核心功能服务作为出发点和落脚点,系统设计整合服务计划,力争医疗与医保部门政策协同,提供资金资源和政策资源支撑,保障家庭医生制度和整合的卫生服务深入持续开展。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

乙型肝炎母婴传播影响因素的研究

目的了解深圳市乙型肝炎母婴阻断效果及其影响因素,为制定乙肝防控策略提供科学依据。方法从医院收集2007-2009年HBsAg阳性产妇及其新生儿基本资料,设计统一的调查问卷,采集儿童静脉血2ml,ELISA法检测乙肝表面抗原、表面抗体和核心抗体。结果共调查158例HBsAg阳性产妇,其中乙肝大三阳占35.44%(56/158);孕晚期接种HBIG占22.29%(35/158),婴儿出生后母乳喂养占58.86%(93/158)。158例儿童中出生后乙肝免疫球蛋白接种率90.50%(143/158),乙肝疫苗接种率100%,其中接种5ug乙肝疫苗占97.47%(154/158),接种10ug乙肝疫苗占2.53%(4/158)。检测158名儿童乙肝表面抗原阳性率6.96%(11/158),乙肝表面抗体阳性率56.33%(89/158),乙肝核心抗体阳性率70.25%(111/158)。母亲是否大三阳与乙肝母婴阻断是否成功有关(连续校正χ2=5.538,P=0.019)。结论母婴传播仍然是乙肝重要传播途径,其主要因素影响是母亲乙肝感染状况。     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。