小双切口治疗腕管综合征15例体会

目的 介绍应用小双切口作腕管切开治疗腕管综合征的方法及临床效果。方法 在掌长肌腱尺侧，平行远侧腕横纹作1．5cm长的横切口，腕横纹以远2．5cm为中心沿鱼际肌纹作1cm长的纵切口，分别显露腕横韧带远近缘及指屈肌腱及正中神经，直视下将腕横韧带完全切开，正中神经外膜松解3例，鱼际肌支松解1例。结果 术后2周，15例症状完全消失，拇、示、中3指指腹两点辨别觉恢复正常。术后1年随访，术前大鱼际肌萎缩5例，肌萎缩明显改善，拇指对掌功能恢复正常。全部病例无1例产生腕掌部瘢痕疼痛及尺神经、掌浅弓损伤等并发症。结论 小双切口行腕管松解术，可操作窄间大，并发症少，术后美观。是治疗腕管综合征的有效方法。     

关节镜镜视下行腕横韧带切开术

目的 介绍在关节镜镜视下行腕横韧带切开术治疗腕管综合的方法。方法 1999年3月以来，对15例（18侧）腕管综合征采用Chow两点法在关节镜镜视下行腕横韧带切开术。腕管入口位于腕横纹近端2－3cm，掌长肌腱尺侧缘。腕关节背伸位时，将带槽套管自腕管入口处对准第3指蹼方向插入，从腕管远端穿出。在关节镜监控下用钩刀切开腕横韧带。结果 术后随访2－16上月，平均7个月。术后桡侧3指半的感觉已恢复正常。3例有拇指对掌功能和大鱼际肌萎缩者，术后3－6个月均恢复正常。无血管神经损伤和感染等并发症发生。结论 关节镜镜视下切开腕横韧带治疗腕管综合征是安全有效的微创手术。     

腕部小横切口治疗腕管综合征

目的设计及应用小横切口作腕管松解术,并分析其治疗腕管综合征的疗效。方法在掌长肌腱尺侧,远侧腕横纹作2 cm长的横切口,显露腕横韧带近缘及指屈肌腱,切除水肿的屈肌腱滑膜,在直视下将腕横韧带部分切除。结果术后随访2周,32例的症状完全消失,拇、示、中3指指腹两点辨别觉恢复正常。术后1 a随访,19例术前大鱼际肌萎缩者,肌萎缩明显改善,拇指对掌功能恢复正常。无1例产生腕掌部瘢痕痛及尺神经、掌浅弓损伤等并发症。结论腕部小切口直视下行腕管松解术,是一种有效的新方法。     

内窥镜Chow法治疗腕管综合征

目的探讨内窥镜镜视下Chow法行钩刀或推刀切断腕横韧带,解除正中神经压迫的手术方法和疗效。方法2004年5月-2009年8月,对76例（85侧）腕管综合征患者采用Chow法在内窥镜镜视下行腕横韧带切开术。结果经2～18月随访,伤口均一期愈合,无血管神经损伤,无手掌部疼痛,无伤口感染,多数患者术后夜麻即消失,术后4周桡侧三个半指感觉恢复正常,麻木、疼痛症状明显缓解,10周左右拇对掌功能恢复。Kelly分级评定：优（症状完全消失）58侧,良（明显缓解）21侧,一般（症状轻度减轻）5侧,差（症状不变或加重）1侧,优良率92．94％。结论Chow法内窥镜镜视下切开腕横韧带治疗腕管综合征是安全有效的微创手术。     

内镜下两点单侧钩切法治疗腕管综合征的临床应用

目的：探讨应用内镜的两点单侧钩切法切断腕横韧带,解除正中神经压迫的手术方法和疗效。方法：临床治疗原发性11例13侧（左侧3例,右侧6例,双侧2例）43～68岁女性腕管综合征患者。全部患者均有桡侧3个半指的指端刺痛觉减退,腕部正中神经Tinel征阳性,11例大鱼际肌萎缩,同时4例存在拇指对掌功能减弱。术中局部麻醉,分别采取近侧腕横纹线处,掌长肌腱与桡侧屈腕肌腱之间1cm皮肤横切口（入口）和患者拇指最大桡侧外展位,拇指尺侧平行线与中环指间的长轴线交叉点向尺侧1cm处呈45°切口（出口）。预制隧道后入口处置入腕关节镜,由出口插入钩刀。钩刀钩住腕横韧带近段后,内镜随钩刀移动而远行,全程镜视下由近及远切断腕横韧带。结果：患者经随访4～20个月全部疗效满意,捏握功能明显改善。术后3个月时恢复至S3＋M3以上。无血管、神经或屈肌腱损伤等并发症。结论：两点单侧钩切法操作步骤简单,是一种有效的手术方法。     

内窥镜下治疗腕管综合征89例报告

目的 :探讨应用内窥镜技术治疗腕管综合征 (ECTR) ,从腕管内切断腕管横韧带 ,解除其对正中神经压迫的手术方法及技巧。并对其术后疗效进行分析 ,介绍内窥镜下治疗腕管综合征的经验与疗效。方法 :局部麻醉 ,皮肤 1cm切口 ,在内窥镜下切断腕管横韧带。松解受压的正中神经。据Kelly疗效评定标准 ,对其术后疗效进行分析评价。结果 :临床应用 165例 192腕 ,手术时间平均 10min ,出血少 ,术后随访 89例 98腕 ,优 73腕 ;良 2 0腕 ;一般 3例 ;差 2例 ,其中 2例发生术后正中神经粘连 ,行 2次手术。结论 :内窥镜技术治疗腕管综合征 (ECTR)皮肤切口小 ,组织创伤轻 ,手术时间短 ,术后不需石膏外固定 ,不残留手术瘢痕。注意手术适应证 ,是一种安全有效的微创手术方法。     

显微技术在治疗腕管综合征中的应用

目的探讨显微技术在治疗腕管综合征中的应用价值。方法随机将62例腕管综合征患者分为A、B两组，A组在腕横韧带切开的基础上，应用手术显微镜行正中神经内松解术；B组单纯行腕横韧带切开减压术。比较两组术前、术后在症状、体征、肌电图方面的改变。结果随访8～18个月，平均12个月。按自拟疗效评估标准判定，A组优良率92．5％，B组优良率70．97％。结论在腕横韧带切开的基础上，采用显微技术行正中神经内减压治疗腕管综合征可显著提高手术效果。     

内窥镜下松解腕管综合征的神经并发症

目的 报道内窥镜治疗腕管综合征时引起神经损伤的原因。方法 1997年至2003年，应用内窥镜治疗腕管综合征136例。对其中2例在内窥镜术后发生并发症的患者，在直视下再次进行手术探查，以明确神经损伤的部位及性质，并探讨引起神经损伤的原因。结果 1例正中神经在腕管内与腕横韧带粘连，在切断腕横韧带时同时损伤相连的正中神经外膜与部分束膜。经神经外膜松解后症状缓解。另1例正中神经掌皮支起始部发生变异，在内窥镜插入腕上切口处，直接损伤该皮支；经神经松解后症状缓解。结论 内窥镜治疗腕管综合征，通常是安全有效的。但在解剖变异及内窥镜下手术有困难时，易发生神经损伤，再次进行手术松解，症状缓解。     

腕管综合征17例术中病变观察

腕管综合征的腕管内压力增高致正中神经受压而出现正中神经功能障碍的一组症候群，腕横韧带及滑膜的慢性炎性增生性肥厚为产生腕管综合征的主要原因，正中神经受压后常出现神经变性，与周围神经粘连，腕管减压的同时行束膜松解可有效地减轻腕综合征症状，并予彻底根治，我科近１０年来住院治疗且随访完整的１７例２３个腕，经单纯腕管减压及配合膜松解治疗后，均基本达到满意效果。     

超声测量腕横韧带厚度辅助诊断腕管综合征的可行性研究

[目的]探讨超声测量腕横韧带厚度辅助诊断腕管综合征的可行性。[方法]对40例临床及电生理检测确诊为腕管综合征并进行腕管切开减压的患者,术前应用B超测量钩骨钩水平腕横韧带的厚度,并与术中同水平直接测量结果和24例正常腕管B超结果进行比较。[结果]B超检查腕管综合征组钩骨钩水平腕横韧带的平均厚度分别为(0.42±0.08)cm,术中同水平直接测量结果为(0.4±0.1)cm,正常人分别为(0.29±0.07)cm,腕管综合征组钩骨钩水平腕横韧带的厚度B超结果和术中直接测量结果均大于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而CTS组钩骨钩水平腕横韧带的厚度B超结果和术中直接测量结果无统计学差异(P0.01)。[结论]超声测量腕横韧带厚度可作为辅助诊断腕管综合征的一种新的有价值的方法。     

经手掌近侧小切口的腕管切开松解减压术

目的 报告使用手掌近侧小切口的腕管切开松解减压术的疗效。方法 自大、小鱼际纹交界处向远侧腕横纹做纵行切口，长2～2．5cm，直视下切开屈肌支持带，解除正中神经卡压。术后随访并与同期采用传统长切口的病例比较，观察小切口的疗效。结果 随访病例19例30腕，其中小切口6例11腕，长切口13例19腕，它们在手指麻木、腕痛、握力及两点辨别觉改善等方面无明显差异，在切口长度、手术时间、恢复正常生活与工作时间以及术后瘢痕触痛、墩柱部疼痛等方面，前者优于后者。结论 经手掌近侧小切口实施腕管切开松解减压术，较传统方法有更多优点，是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

小切口治疗腕管综合征14例报告

Objective　To introduce the technique of carpal tunnel release by small incision,and evaluate its outcome in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.Methods　This method was applied in the operations of 14 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome.An incision 1.5 cm in length was made at the level of the proximal transverse wrist crease ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon.The proximal margin of the transverse carpal ligament was visualized and the ligament was cut subcutaneously under direct vision.The flexor digitorum tendons were retracted and the edematous synovium excised.Results　Follow - up of the patients 2 weeks postoperatively showed that the symptoms of numbess and pain disappeared in all 14 cases.Normal 2 - PD in the pulp of the thumb,index finger and long finger was ＜ 4 mm.One year after the operation,muscle atrophy in 5 patients who sustained preoperative thenar muscle atrophy was greatly improved with recovery of normal opponens function of the thumb.No pillar pain and injury of the ulnar nerve and superficial palmar arch was found.Conclusion　Carpal tunnel release under direct vision through a small incision is a new and effective surgical procedure.     

Safety of carpal tunnel release with a short incision. A cadaver study

The standard long incision technique for carpal tunnel release causes inevitable damage to skin sensation, the inter-thenar plexus and especially the distal branches of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCM), and may cause long-term disabling pain and scar tenderness. There are many variations in the distal branches of the median nerve at the wrist. Anatomic studies of this region also have important clinical implications to prevent injury to important anatomic structures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-incision carpal tunnel release in cadavers. Several important anatomic structures, with possible anatomic variations, pass through the carpal tunnel, and blind percutaneous transection of the transverse ligament seems to be a high risk procedure. Sixty hands from 40 fresh cadavers were evaluated. Both the transverse ligament and the distal third of the deep forearm fascia were released using a Smillie knife. At the end of each procedure, the hand was explored for injury to tendinous and neurovascular structures of the wrist. In all cases the release of the carpal tunnel and the distal third of the forearm fascia was found to be complete. The superficial palmar arterial arch, flexor tendons, ulnar nerve and vessels, digital nerves, median nerve and its recurrent accessory branches, the flexor tendons, and even the subcutaneous tissue over the transverse ligament were damaged in no instance. Guyon's canal was entered in 6 (10%) hands without damage to its components. The distal branches from the ulnar side of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCM) were injured in 8 (13.6%) hands, an injury that is almost unavoidable with the classic open technique.     

Standard open decompression in carpal tunnel syndrome compared with a modified open technique preserving the superficial skin nerves: a prospective randomized study

PURPOSE: A common surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome is open carpal tunnel decompression. This involves skin incision followed by sharp dissection straight down through fat and palmar fascia to the transverse carpal ligament, which is then divided. The incidence of scar discomfort ranges from 19% to 61%, and its cause is not fully understood. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to investigate whether preservation of superficial nerve branches crossing the incision site reduces the incidence and severity of postoperative scar pain after open carpal tunnel release. METHODS: Forty-two patients with bilateral idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (84 hands) were included in the study. The patients were randomized to determine which hand was to have carpal tunnel decompression using a technique that would try to preserve the superficial nerve branches. The other hand had open carpal tunnel decompression without any attempt to preserve the superficial nerve branches. An assessment of each hand in each patient was performed immediately before surgery and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. This assessment was performed with a questionnaire based on the Patient Evaluation Measure. RESULTS: We found no evidence of a difference in scar pain between the 2 methods at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. There was a significant difference in the length of surgery between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Scar pain scores in this series of open carpal tunnel decompressions were similar, whether or not an attempt was made to identify and preserve superficial nerve branches crossing the wound.     

内窥镜下腕管松解术的应用解剖及临床应用

目的 从解剖及临床方面报告内窥境下腕管松解术的解剖人路及手术方法,旨在提高手术疗效、减少手术并发症。方法 以１８侧新鲜成人上肢标本及２６侧福尔马林液固定的成人上肢标本为对象,观察在内窥镜下碗管松解术入路的解剖结构,观察、测量及定周围相关组织结构。临床应用１９例２１侧,镜视下切断腕横韧带,手术在局麻、无止血带下进行。结果观测屈肌支持带、正中神经圾其分支和掌浅弓等结构。手术入口为腕横纹近端２～３ｃｍ、     

腕管综合征术后柱状痛的临床研究

目的 探讨腕管综合征常规手术后柱状痛的原因.方法 2006年12月至2008年10月,对27例(30侧)腕管综合征的患者,采用常规腕管切开正中神经松解术进行治疗,术后随访测量柱状痛的面积及发生柱状痛患腕的功能.结果 术后随访10～30个月,11侧出现手术切口周围柱状感觉麻木区,8侧出现切口周围单侧或双侧柱状痛.结论 在出现柱状痛或柱状感觉麻木的患者中,柱状痛的面积和切口长度呈正相关;有无柱状痛不是评价腕管切开减压术(OCTR)疗效的标准;切口的类型与柱状痛的发生无相关.     

腕管综合征在内窥镜视下手术与常规手术的疗效比较

目的 对腕管综合征在内窥镜视下手术与常规手术的疗效进行比较。方法 内窥镜组４０例４４腕,常规手术组４０例４４腕。术前按滨田分类方法分为３类。两组分别在术后１个月、３个月、１２个月进行随访。根据Ｋｅｌｌｙ功能评定标准对各型进行功能评价。结果内窥镜组各型患者术后１个月时,功能恢复速度稍慢于常规手术组,３个月两后两组功能则完全相同。结论 两组的手术入路不同,但术后３个月时的疗效却相同。但内窥镜组具有皮     

Release of the transverse carpal ligament alone is associated with elevated pressure beneath the distal volar forearm fascia in a cadaver model of carpal tunnel syndrome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether release of the distal volar forearm fascia (DVFF) is necessary at the time of median nerve decompression for carpal tunnel syndrome. METHODS: Five fresh-frozen cadaver specimens were mounted vertically with the hand dependent and a 2.27-kg weight suspended from the fingers. A pressure sensor wire was used to measure pressures starting just distal to the transverse carpal ligament (TCL). The wire was withdrawn proximally in 5-mm increments and into the forearm until pressure was below 10 mm Hg. An incision in the forearm was extended distally until the pressure sensor was found. The distance from this point to the distal volar wrist crease was measured. The TCL was released, keeping the DVFF intact, and the experiment was repeated. Paired t-tests determined whether there were statistically significant differences between measurements before and after TCL release. RESULTS: Average peak pressure under the intact TCL was 57.8 +/- 10.1 mm Hg. Average peak pressure under the DVFF with the TCL intact was 61.2 +/- 43.6 mm Hg. Following release of the TCL, average peak pressure beneath the TCL significantly decreased to 14.0 +/- 9.0 mm Hg, whereas average peak pressure at the intact DVFF increased to 64.8 +/- 48.7 mm Hg. Average locations where DVFF pressure became less than 10 mm Hg with an intact TCL and with released TCL were 4.30 +/- 1.8 cm and 4.00 +/- 1.8 cm proximal to the distal volar wrist crease, respectively. There was no significant difference between DVFF pressures before or after TCL release. CONCLUSIONS: In a cadaver model of carpal tunnel syndrome, release of the TCL alone is associated with persistent pressures >30 mm Hg in the region of the DVFF. Release of the TCL did not significantly change the location of the pressure drop-off under the DVFF.     

腕管综合征128例分析

目的 随访近3年收治的128例腕管综合征的诊治情况。方法 收集与分析2002年3月至2005年3月间，128例腕管综合征患者的病情特点及治疗效果。128例腕管综合征中女性患者为113例，男性为15例，男与女之比为1：7．5；年龄中41岁以上占91．4％。全部病例均出现1～3指麻木，83．6％的病例有夜间麻醒史，87．5％的病例1—3指刺痛觉减退，5、4％病例刺痛过敏。电生理检测均有腕部正中神经卡压征象。112例应用掌心切口切开屈肌支持带，12例在内窥镜视下切开屈肌支持带，4例应用腕及掌心小切口切开屈肌支持带。结果 76例经术后1～4年的随访，其中症状消除，功能满意者51例（67．1％）；症状大部消除，功能基本满意者19例（25.0％）；症状残留，功能未改善者6例（7．9％），其中4例为刺痛过敏患者。结论 腕管综合征诊断明确后，手术治疗92％病例均能取得满意或基本满意的疗效，对感觉过敏型病例手术应谨慎。