含不同启动子的腺病毒载体介导的人β2肾上腺素能受体基因在心肌细胞的表达

目的观察不同的启动子cmv、mlc-2v对腺病毒载体介导的人β     

腺病毒介导的血管内皮生长因子体外靶向性转染心肌细胞

目的:构建以鼠心肌轻链蛋白基因(mlc-2v)为启动子、携带人血管内皮生长因子hVEGF165基因的重组腺病毒载体,检测该重组腺病毒载体对心肌细胞转染的靶向性.方法:酶切腺病毒载体PDC315自身启动子CMV,构建腺病毒载体PDC317,分别接入hVEGF165、mlc-2v基因,构建腺病毒载体PDC-mlc-hVEGF165.鉴定正确后,将PDC-mlc-hVEGF165与Lipofectamine共转染至293细胞,经同源重组获得以mlc-2v为启动子、携带hVEGF165基因的重组腺病毒Ad-mlc-hVEGF165,同步构建无靶向性的重组腺病毒Ad-hVEGF165.扩增并测定滴度后,Ad-hVEGF165、Ad-mlc-hVEGF165分别转染体外培养的心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞及平滑肌细胞,利用ELISA、Western印迹分析等方法检测Ad-mlc-hVEGF165转染心肌细胞的靶向性.结果:构建的病毒正确,病毒滴度为2.8×109 pfu/ml.转染3 d后,Ad-hVEGF165组在各培养细胞的上清液及细胞内均检测到VEGF的表达,而Ad-mlc-hVEGF165组仅在心肌细胞中有VEGF的表达,且Ad-mlc-hVEGF165组心肌细胞分泌的VEGF要少于Ad-hVEGF165组.结论:成功构建了以mlc-2v为启动子、携带人VEGF基因的重组腺病毒Ad-mlc-hVEGF165;该重组载体能体外靶向性转染心肌细胞并使之表达VEGF.     

重组腺病毒转染心衰大鼠心肌细胞cAMP水平变化

目的测定重组腺病毒Ad5-ADRbeta2-EGFP转染体外培养心衰大鼠心肌细胞48h后环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的水平变化。方法重组腺病毒Ad5-ADRbeta2-EGFP转染心衰大鼠心肌细胞,培养48h后,检测心肌细胞β2-AR蛋白表达和cAMP的水平。结果①心肌细胞β2-AR蛋白表达测定：心衰组与对照组（假手术组）相比没有明显差异（P〉0．05）,心衰＋β2组与心衰组、对照组相比均明显升高（P〈0．05）。②心肌细胞cAMP水平：心衰组与对照组（假手术组）相比明显减少（P〈0．01）,心衰＋β2组与心衰组相比明显升高（P〈0．01）,心衰＋ISO组与心衰组相比明显升高（P〈0．01）,心衰＋ISO＋β2组与心衰组相比明显升高（P〈0．01）,心衰＋ISO＋β2组与心衰＋β2组、心衰＋ISO组相比没有明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论重组腺病毒Ad5-ADRbeta2-EGFP转染体外培养心衰大鼠心肌细胞后,β2-AR蛋白表达上调,同时伴有基础cAMP逆转恢复正常水平,其可能与β2-AR活性的内在活化有关。     

β2-AR过表达对大鼠心肌细胞存活率的影响及机制

目的观察β2肾上腺素能受体（β2-AR）过表达对成年大鼠心肌细胞在不同浓度的异丙肾上腺素（isoproter-enol,ISO）刺激下的保护作用及机制。方法分离培养成年大鼠心肌细胞,随机分为3组：正常组、转染EGFP基因的腺病毒组和转染人β2-AR．EGFP基因的腺病毒组。心肌细胞培养48h后,用异丙肾上腺素在不同剂量（10～mol／L,10^-5mol／L,10^-4mol／L）下刺激2h,观察细胞在刺激前后的存活率的变化。采用Westernblot检测心肌细胞β2-AR的表达。结果Westernblot结果显示转染β2-AR-EGFP基因的腺病毒组β2-AR蛋白的表达量明显高于其余两组（P〈0．05）,在10^-6mol／L,10^-5mol／L浓度的ISO刺激下3组细胞的存活率校正值无显著性差异,在高浓度（10^-4mol／L）ISO刺激下β2-AR过表达组细胞存活率校正值明显高于其余两组（P〈0．05）。结论β2-AR过表达对高浓度（1014mol／L）ISO刺激的成年大鼠心肌细胞的死亡有保护作用,其可能的机制是通过β2-AR与Gi蛋白的耦联作用。     

心肌特异性表达腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建心肌特异性表达的腺病毒载体,使外源基因在心肌细胞中特异性表达。方法：将心肌特异性肌凝蛋白轻链蛋白－２（ｍｌｃ－２ｖ）启动子克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒,并将绿色荧光蛋白（ＧＦＰ）基因克隆至此质粒中,同源重组含ＧＦＰ基因的缺陷型腺病毒（ＡｄｍｌｃＧＦＰ）,转染心肌细胞及非心肌细胞。结果：经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ分析,转染的心肌细胞有ＧＦＰｍＲＮＡ的表达,而转染的非心肌细胞无ＧＦＰｍＲＮＡ的表达;荧光显微镜下观察,可见转染的心肌细胞表达ＧＦＰ,而转染的非心肌细胞不表达ＧＦＰ。结论：构建的心肌特异性表达腺病毒载体可使源基因在心肌细胞内特异性表达。     

乙肝病毒X蛋白通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控Gankyrin表达

目的：研究乙肝病毒X蛋白（hepatitis B virus X protein,HBX）对Gankyrin表达水平的影响以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在HBX基因调控Gankyrin表达中的作用。方法：HBX腺病毒表达载体（Ad-HBX-GFP）感染转染2种人肝癌细胞系HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞,Si-HBX分子（Si-HBX oligo）用 LipofectamineTM 2000转染入HepG2.2.15细胞,用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测HBX与Gankyrin的表达情况;β-catenin腺病毒载体转染HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞,用Western blot法检测β-catenin与Gankyrin的表达情况;在沉默β-catenin表达的HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞中过表达HBX基因,Western blot法检测β-catenin与Gankyrin的表达情况。结果：①HepG2.2.15细胞中Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均高于HepG2细胞（P＜0.05）。②HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中Ad-HBX-GFP组Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均高于绿色荧光蛋白腺病毒表达载体（Ad-GFP）组（P＜0.01）。③HepG2.2.15细胞中Si-HBX组Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均低于Si-阴性对照（Si-NC）组（P＜0.01）。④在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中过表达HBX后,Ad-HBX-GFP组β-catenin的蛋白表达水平均高于Ad-GFP组（P＜0.01）。⑤在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中过表达β-catenin后,β-catenin腺病毒表达载体（Ad-β-catenin-GFP）组Gankyrin的蛋白表达水平均高于Ad-GFP组（P＜0.01）。⑥在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中沉默β-catenin后,过表达HBX基因,Si-β-catenin腺病毒表达载体（Ad-si-β-catenin-RFP）组与红色荧光蛋白腺病毒表达载体（Ad-RFP）组相比,Gankyrin的蛋白表达水平未见升高（P＜0.01）。结论：HBX-Wnt/β-catenin-Gankyrin信号转导通路存在与肝癌细胞中,抑制β-catenin的功能可阻遏HBX对Gankyrin的上调作用,本结果将可能为肝癌的治疗提供新的思路。     

褪黑素对过氧化氢损伤的心肌细胞自身NO生成的影响

目的：探讨氧化损伤时褪黑素（Melatonin,MT)对心肌细胞自身NO生成的影响以及NO水平与其它氧化指标的关系。方法：分高培养原代心肌细胞，分5组：对照组，H2O2处理组，MT组，MT干预组和N－硝基－L－精氨酸（L-nitro-arginine methylester,L-NAME)干预组；用外源性H2O2造成氧化损伤，用生化法检测培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）浓度，硫代巴比妥酸法检测细胞中丙二醛（MDA）含量，用试剂盒检测细胞培养液中NO含量。结果：H2O2处理组和L－NAME干预组中NO的含量，LDH含量和MDA含量与对照组相比，均差异显（P＜0．01），只是H2O2处理组中三项均比对照组明显增高，而L－NAME干预组中NO含量比对照组明显低；MT组中这三项指标没有明显的变化。MT干预组中虽然与对照组相比也升高，但低于H2O2处理组（P＜0．01）。MT干预组与L－NAME干预组相比其LDH含量和MDA含量也较低（P＜0．01），与H2O2组相比，加入MT干预后，培养液中NO和LDH及MDA含量明显降低（P＜0．01）。，结论：心肌细胞在受H2O2损伤时，心肌细胞自身产生的NO增加，并且在一定程度上参与了对心肌细胞的氧化损伤；MT不仅能抑制LDH和MDA的升高，还能抑制NO的产生。     

5－氮杂－2′－脱氧胞苷对肺癌 SPC －A －1细胞RAR －β基因去甲基化及其表达的作用

目的：观察5－氮杂－2′－脱氧胞苷（5－Aza－CdR）对肺腺癌SPC－A－1细胞视黄酸受体β（ RAR－β）基因甲基化状态的影响,探讨不同浓度5－Aza－CdR对RAR－β基因表达缺陷的调控机制。方法将体外培养的人肺腺癌SPC－A－1细胞株分为4组,分别是A组（未加药）及B、C、D组（分别加入3、6、12μmol／L的5－Aza－CdR）。采用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）方法检测4组细胞RAR－β基因甲基化状态的差异,RT－PCR法检测4组细胞RAR－βmRNA表达水平的差异,Western blot检测4组细胞RAR－β蛋白表达水平的差异,流式细胞仪技术检测各组细胞周期及细胞凋亡率的差异。结果 A组标本检测出RAR－β基因为甲基化状态,而B、C、D组均检测出RAR－β为去甲基化状态。肺腺癌SPC－A－1细胞RAR－βmRNA及RAR－β蛋白表达水平低下,经5－Aza－CdR处理后,其表达水平明显增强（P＜0．01）。5－Aza－CdR处理后（B、C、D组）的细胞凋亡率均较A组明显提高,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。结论肺癌RAR－β基因因甲基化出现表达缺陷,5－Aza－CdR具有明显去甲基化作用,可诱导RAR－β基因重新激活表达,促进肺癌细胞凋亡及抑制癌细胞增殖,从而发挥抗癌作用。     

美喘清、地塞米松对小儿支气管哮喘β受体和cAMP的影响

目的　研究美喘清、地塞米松对支气管哮喘小儿β受体和cAMP水平的影响。方法　采用放射配基受体结合分析方法，对支气管哮喘急性发作期患儿应用单一口服美喘清以及美瑞清和静注地塞米松联合治疗前后外周血淋巴细胞β－AR和血浆cAMP水平及临床治疗效果进行了观察。结果美喘清组：β－AR治疗前为3911．9±306．9site／cell，治疗后为2672．8±343．7site／cell（P＜0．01）；cAMP治疗前为18．9±1．gpm／mL，治疗后为19.6±1．5pm／mL（P＞0．05）；美喘清＋地塞米松组：β－AR治疗前为4018．8±344．5site／cell，治疗后为2227．9±208．2site／cell（P＜0．01）；cAMP治疗前为17．4±1．5pm／mL，治疗后为21．3±2．1pm／mL（P＞0．05）。结论美喘清在体内激活了β-AR，对哮喘急性发作期治疗有效，而联合用药时，静注地塞米松未见明显加强美喘清激活β-AR的作用。     

维拉帕米阻断TGF-β1诱导的α1(Ⅰ)胶原基因启动子的激活

目的：探讨维拉帕米对α1(Ⅰ）胶原基因启动子活性的影响。方法：将人α1(Ⅰ）胶原基因启动子重组体pCOLH1.5、pCOLH2.5转染至大鼠肾小球纱膜细胞，分别经不同浓度的转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1）和纺拉帕米处理后，ELISA法测定细胞CAT表达水平。结果：TGF－β1作用后，pCOLH1.5和pCOLH2.5的CAT活性明显增加，分别为对照组的1.498和1.551倍；维拉帕米对两上重组体的CAT表达均有抑制作用，与单纯TGF－β1组比较，维拉帕米加TGF－β1组pCOLH2.5的CAT活性明显降低（维拉帕米低浓度组P＜0.05，高浓度组P＜0.01）。结论：维拉帕米不仅直接抑制启动子的活性，而且还部分阻断TGF－β1诱导的α1(Ⅰ）胶原基因启动子激活。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.