手法复位经皮穿针治疗老年桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨手法复位经皮穿针内固定治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的疗效.方法 68例老年桡骨远端骨折患者,行手法复位经皮穿针内固定,将复位前后的指标(掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨远端和尺骨远端距离)进行比较及对腕关节功能进行评价.结果 所有患者随访5～11个月,平均7.6个月;平均愈合时间6.6周.腕部功能按 Dienst评估标准进行评定,优良率76.5%,可14.3%,差9.2%.结论 手法复位经皮穿针内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折具有操作简单、固定牢靠、疗效肯定的特点,是治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的有效方法.     

两种内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折伴尺骨茎突基底部骨折的疗效比较

目的比较采用桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板+尺骨茎突单皮质骨螺钉固定和单纯桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折伴尺骨茎突基底部骨折的疗效。方法将73例桡骨远端骨折伴尺骨茎突基底部骨折患者按治疗方法的不同分为观察组(采用桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板+尺骨茎突单皮质骨螺钉固定治疗,38例)和对照组(采用单纯桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板治疗,35例)。测量桡骨远端掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度。术后4个月采用Dienst功能评分标准评价临床疗效。末次随访时采用腕关节活动度评价腕关节功能恢复情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间9~16个月。术后掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后4个月采用Dienst功能评分标准评价临床疗效的优良率,观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。末次随访时两组腕关节功能均已恢复。结论与采用单纯桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板治疗相比,桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板+尺骨茎突单皮质骨螺钉固定治疗桡骨远端骨折伴尺骨茎突基底部骨折更利于改善患者临床症状,更利于恢复腕关节的稳定性。     

老年人桡骨远端骨质疏松性骨折保守治疗策略

目的探讨老年人桡骨远端骨质疏松性骨折手法复位、石膏外固定等保守治疗策略。方法观察两家医院急诊科385例腕骨骨质疏松性骨折保守治疗的老年患者,平均69.22±11.41岁,平均随访3.6±1.55个月,对保守治疗前后、骨折愈合后形态学、腕关节功能恢复情况进行评价。结果保守治疗桡骨远端骨折能够很好的纠正老年人掌倾角和尺偏角,腕关节功能恢复优良率可以达到76.88%。结论保守治疗能够治愈绝大部分老年人桡骨远端骨折。     

儿童桡骨干骺端骨折复位前后骨骺位移率变化与腕关节功能恢复的相关性研究

目的探究骨骺位移率与儿童桡骨骨骺端骨折复位后腕关节功能恢复的关系。方法回顾性分析自2017年1月至2020年1月行保守治疗的符合桡骨远端Salter-HarrisⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折的患儿共23例, 在复位前、复位后即刻、末次随访时使用PACS图文分析系统测量患腕的正位骨骺位移率、侧位骨骺位移率、尺骨变异、桡骨高度、掌倾角、尺偏角, 末次随访时进行腕关节功能评分。结果本组23例患儿均获得随访, 时间为7～12个月, 平均9.9个月。末次随访摄X线片示骨折均临床愈合。影像学资料结果表明尺骨变异在复位前、复位后无差异(P=0.34);其余患腕各测量指标复位后结果均优于复位前、末次随访优于复位后, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访采用改良Gartland-Werley腕关节功能评分评价患腕关节功能:优20例, 良3例。复位后腕关节功能为优的患者正位骨骺位移率<4.9%、侧位骨骺位移率<9.5%、尺骨变异<2.6 mm, 桡骨高度>7.0 mm、掌倾角>7.7°, 尺偏角>15.1°。末次随访改良Gartland-Werley腕关节功能评分与复位后...     

桡骨远端骨折影像学测量指标与近期疗效的关系

目的 通过对桡骨远端骨折患者的影像学测量,分析各影像学参数和近期疗效之间的关系.方法 对62例桡骨远端骨折闭合复位石膏外固定的患者,利用StarPACS影像系统进行测量,并记录所有患者X线片的桡骨高、掌倾角及尺偏角的情况,并分析影像学测量指标与自测腕关节功能之间的关系.结果 62例桡骨远端骨折中,有50例(占80.6%)经保守治疗后效果优良.当桡骨高大于6.0 mm,掌倾角大于5°,尺偏角大于18°时,自测腕关节功能优良率较高.影像学指标和自测腕关节功能的相关性桡骨高＞掌倾角＞尺偏角.结论 桡骨高、掌倾角及尺偏角等可以作为桡骨远端骨折治疗效果评估的影像学指标,手法复位后影像学不达标者应当重新复位或采用手术治疗,桡骨远端骨折时应当首先考虑桡骨高的恢复.     

三种方法治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效对比观察

目的：评价3种不同方法治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折后的临床疗效。方法本院收治桡骨远端粉碎性骨折78例，根据治疗方法不同随机平分3组，分别行保守治疗、外固定支架治疗，解剖锁定钢板内固定治疗。术后观察骨折愈合情况，患肢掌倾角、尺偏角和桡骨高度等临床指标。采用Sarmiento系统行骨折复位效果评估，采用Dienst标准评估术后腕关节功能恢复情况。结果 C组手术时间长于A、B两组，比较具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。C组治疗后Sarmiento复位评估、Dienst腕关节功能评估、尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度恢复均优于A、B两组，比较具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），B组治疗后Sarmiento复位评估、Dienst腕关节功能评估、尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度恢复均优于A组，比较具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。C组治疗后并发症发生率少于A、B两组，比较具有统计学意义，（P＜0.05）。结论3种方法治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折后手术及骨愈合时间无明显差异，但解剖锁定钢板内固定治疗后桡骨远端骨性解剖结构恢复最好，腕关节功能恢复优于其他两种方法。     

合并尺骨茎突骨折对桡骨远端骨折钢板内固定术后功能恢复的影响

目的探讨合并尺骨茎突骨折对桡骨远端骨折钢板内固定术后功能恢复的影响。方法将38例桡骨远端骨折患者按是否合并尺骨茎突骨折分为A组(合并尺骨茎突骨折,19例)和B组(不合并尺骨茎突骨折,19例)。观察术后及末次随访时腕关节影像学参数(掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨茎突高度)、腕关节活动范围及Gartland-Werley腕关节评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间10～18个月。术后及末次随访时两组掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨茎突高度比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。末次随访时,两组腕关节屈伸及前臂旋转活动范围及Gartland-Werley腕关节评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论合并尺骨茎突骨折对桡骨远端骨折钢板内固定术后功能康复无明显影响。     

掌侧角钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的影像学分析

目的探讨掌侧角钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的影像学表现和功能恢复情况。方法采用掌侧角钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的患者36例,按照Dienst评估标准对腕关节进行功能评价。结果平均随访18个月(12～36月)。桡骨尺倾角、桡骨短缩、掌倾角、下尺桡关节复位、桡骨远端关节面等在术后即刻摄X线片和末次随访时摄片差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前与术后旋前、旋后、背伸、屈曲、握力等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论掌侧角钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折是一种安全的选择,功能恢复良好,并发症少,值得推广。     

尺骨茎突骨折对外固定架治疗桡骨远端骨折的影响

目的探讨尺骨茎突骨折对外固定支架治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析118例不稳定性桡骨远端骨折患者的随访资料。根据尺骨茎突骨折情况分为:A组(尺骨茎突基底部骨折)、B组(尺骨茎突尖部骨折)、C组(无尺骨茎突骨折)。所有患者均采用外固定支架治疗,尺骨茎突骨折不做任何治疗,术后6~8周拆除外固定支架,平均随访15.3个月,终末随访时行影像学参数(掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度)、腕关节活动度(掌屈、背伸、尺偏、桡偏、旋前、旋后)及Gartland-Werley评分测定。结果终末随访时三组病例之间在影像学参数、腕关节活动度及Gartland-Werley评分方面均未发现统计学差异。结论采用外固定支架治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折时,若下尺桡关节稳定,对伴有的尺骨茎突骨折可不做任何治疗。     

骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的治疗

目的 探讨骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的治疗方法 的选择策略.方法 回顾性分析本院2009年6月至2011年6月,收治的72例骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折患者,其中30例予以手法复位石膏固定、22例手法复位外固定支架固定、20例切开复位LCP钢板内固定,3组均行掌倾角和尺偏角的测量,并进行改良Mcbride腕关节评分标准评价.结果 治疗后6个月影像学测量结果 显示各组间掌倾角和尺偏角存在统计学差异.按照改良Mcbride腕关节功能评价标准评分:石膏组优良率84.6%,支架组优良率81.8%,内固定组优良率85.0%.结论 稳定性的骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折首选手法复位石膏外固定治疗,疗效确切;外固定支架治疗创伤小,可较好地维持桡骨的轴向稳定,对严重粉碎的不稳定骨折和软组织条件较差的患者具有优势;LCP钢板可提供可靠的固定,最大限度恢复解剖复位,可用于年龄相对较轻,身体状况较好,对生活质量要求较高的不稳定性骨质疏松性骨折.     

手法复位加小夹板钢托外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的:评价手法复位结合小夹板外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的近期临床疗效。方法:2015年1月至2016年12月,采用手法复位并行小夹板钢托外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折患者60例,男39例,女21例;年龄18~65(43.50±10.56)岁;按AO分型,A型38例,B型19例,C型3例。骨折复位前及复位后1、2、4周及拆除小夹板钢托时行腕关节正侧位X线检查,并测量其患侧掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度。骨折复位后8、24、48周测量患侧腕关节背伸、掌屈、旋前、旋后、尺偏、桡偏活动度,骨折复位后、复位后4、8、24、48周测量健侧和患侧腕关节握力。桡骨远端骨折达到临床愈合后拆除小夹板钢托,拆除小夹板钢托后进行腕关节Mayo评分。结果:60例桡骨远端骨折患者全部完成随访,骨折愈合时间6~8(7.1±0.9)周。掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩距离,复位前与复位后2周时比较,差异有统计学意义;复位后2周与4周比较,差异无统计学意义。复位后24周和8周,48周与24周时腕关节背伸、掌屈、旋前、旋后、尺偏、桡偏活动度比较,差异有统计学意义。患者复位后与复位后4周,复位后8周与4周,复位后16周与8周,复位后24周与16周时握力比较,差异有统计意义;复位后48周与24周时握力评分比较,差异无统计学意义。采用Mayo腕关节功能评分系统评价疗效,优50例,良8例,可1例,差1例。结论:手法复位加小夹板钢托外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折,操作简单,临床疗效确切。     

Open Wedge Osteotomy for Malunited Extraarticular Distal Radius Fractures with Plate Osteosynthesis without Bone Grafting

Abstract Background: Malunion of distal radius fractures can cause pain, limited wrist motion, or loss of grip strength. The most important factors are incongruity in the distal radioulnar (DRU) joint and radial tilt which causes adaptive carpal instability. The purpose of open wedge corrective osteotomy is to restore congruency with minimal soft-tissue damage. Patients and Methods: Between 1993 and 2001, 47 patients with malunited extraarticular distal radius fractures who were treated by open wedge corrective osteotomy without bone grafting were included. The patients were divided into two groups, one group with dorsal tilt of the distal radius and one group with palmar tilt. Ulnar variance, radial inclination, and radial tilt were measured before and after operation. Also, the range of wrist motions was tested before and after correction, including grip strength. Fixation was performed with a dorsal or palmar plate, dependent on the side of radial tilt. Results: Improvement of especially radial tilt was seen in both groups. Also, an important increase in wrist motions was observed. Flexion of the wrist improved by 38.0° in the dorsal group and by 43.0° in the palmar group. With respect to rotation of the lower arm, supination improved most by 21.6° and 46.0° in the dorsal and palmar group, respectively. All osteotomies healed within 3 months without secondary displacement even after a short period of immobilization. Conclusion: Corrective osteotomy is a useful additional therapy in the treatment of malunited extraarticular fractures of the distal radius in which bone grafting is not necessary.     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures

Background:

Fractures of distal radius are common injury in all age groups. Cast treatment with or without close reduction is a viable option. However, the results are often unsatisfactory with restricted function. The open reduction and internal fixation often results in extensive soft tissue dissection and associated high rates of infect and delayed/nonunion. The distractor/external fixator have reported good functional and anatomical results but the incidence of pin traction infection nerve injury and cosmedic deformity are high. We introduced a modified operative technique for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for distal radial fracture and evaluated the functional outcomes and complications.

Materials and Methods:

22 distal radial fractures (10 left, 12 right) were treated using the MIPO technique and two small incisions with a palmar locking plate from August 2009 to August 2010. The wrist function was assessed according to Dienst wrist rating system, and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:

According to Dienst wrist rating system, 13 patients showed excellent results, 6 cases showed good results and 3 patients had moderate results. No patient had poor results. Thus, the excellent and good rate was 86.4%. One patient had anesthesia in the thenar eminence and this symptom disappeared after 3 months. One patient had delayed healing in the proximal wrist crease. Two patients had mild pain on the ulnar side of the wrist and two patients had limited wrist joint function.

Conclusion:

The MIPO technique by using two small palmar incisions is safe and effective for treatment of distal radial fractures.     

Pathomechanisms of ulnar ligament lesions of the wrist in a cadaveric distal radius fracture model

Background and purpose Mechanisms of injury to ulnar-sided ligaments (stabilizing the distal radioulnar joint and the ulna to the carpus) associated with dorsally displaced distal radius fractures are poorly described. We investigated the injury patterns in a human cadaver fracture model.

Methods Fresh frozen human cadaver arms were used. A dorsal open-wedge osteotomy was performed in the distal radius. In 8 specimens, pressure was applied to the palm with the wrist in dorsiflexion and ulnar-sided stabilizing structures subsequently severed. Dorsal angulation was measured on digitized radiographs. In 8 other specimens, the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) was forced into rupture by axially loading the forearm with the wrist in dorsiflexion. The ulnar side was dissected and injuries were recorded.

Results Intact ulnar soft tissues limited the dorsal angulation of the distal radius fragment to a median of 32^o (16–34). A combination of bending and shearing of the distal radius fragment was needed to create TFCC injuries. Both palmar and dorsal injuries were observed simultaneously in 6 of 8 specimens.

Interpretation A TFCC injury can be expected when dorsal angulation of a distal radius fracture exceeds 32^o. The extensor carpi ulnaris subsheath may be a functionally integral part of the TFCC. Both dorsal and palmar structures can tear simultaneously. These findings may have implications for reconstruction of ulnar sided soft tissue injuries.     

Ulnar shortening osteotomy for malunited distal radius fractures: results of a 7-year follow-up with special regard to the grade of radial displacement and post-operative ulnar variance

Introduction

The treatment of ulnar-sided wrist pain after malunited distal radius fractures remains controversial. Radial corrective osteotomy can restore congruity in the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) as well as adequate length of the radius. Ulnar shortening osteotomies leave the radius’ angular deformities unchanged, risking secondary DRUJ osteoarthritis. We supposed that, even within the widely accepted limit of 20°, a greater angulation of the radius in the sagittal plane correlates with a higher rate of DRUJ osteoarthritis. Furthermore, we suspected worse results from an ulna shortened to a negative rather than a neutral or positive ulnar variance.

Materials and methods

For this retrospective study, we reviewed 23 patients a mean 7.2 (range 5.6–8.5) years after ulnar shortening osteotomy for malunion of distal radius fractures. We compared 14 patients with up to 10° dorsal or palmar displacement from the normal palmar tilt of 10° to 9 patients with more than 10° displacement, and 15 patients whose post-operative ulnar variance was neutral or positive to 8 who had a negative one.

Results

Ulnar-sided wrist pain decreased enough to satisfy 21 of the 23 patients. Clinical results tended to be better when radial displacement was minor and when post-operative ulnar variance was positive or neutral. A shorter ulna significantly increased the rate of DRUJ osteoarthritis, whereas a greater degree of radial displacement only increased the rate slightly.

Conclusions

Radial corrective osteotomy should be discussed as alternative when displacement of the radius in the sagittal plane exceeds 10°. The ulna should be shortened moderately to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis in the distal radioulnar joint.     

桡骨远端骨折对下尺桡关节稳定性的影响

目的:分析桡骨远端骨折后腕部功能与下尺桡关节稳定性之间的关系,探讨桡骨远端骨折影响下尺桡关节稳定性的原因。方法:85例桡骨远端骨折患者,男27例,女58例;年龄17~74岁,平均42.3岁。采用手法复位石膏外固定治疗,伤后6~9个月(平均6.7个月)摄腕关节正侧位X线CR片,检查下尺桡关节稳定性,采用Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley评分系统(GW评分)对腕部进行功能评估。结果:85例获得6~9个月随访,平均6.7个月。19例有下尺桡关节不稳定。下尺桡关节不稳与放射学检查下尺桡关节情况之间无明显的联系。下尺桡关节不稳的患者GW评分平均为12.37±5.899,稳定的患者GW评分平均为6.85±4.222,差异有统计学意义。尺骨茎突是否骨折其GW评分差异无统计学意义。是否有尺骨茎突骨折其下尺桡关节不稳发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论:明显成角或短缩畸形的桡骨远端骨折损伤三角纤维软骨复合体可能是造成下尺桡关节不稳、影响腕部功能的主要原因。伴随桡骨远端骨折的尺骨茎突骨折对下尺桡关节稳定性无明显影响。     

马德隆畸形的研究进展

马德隆畸形是桡骨远端尺侧及掌侧骨骺发育障碍引起的一种罕见的前臂及腕部畸形。目前研究认为其发病主要与外伤、骨骺发育异常、营养障碍及遗传基因的缺失或突变有关。早期临床表现多不典型,中晚期可有腕部畸形、无力等表现。X线片为主要诊断手段,但常缺乏早期诊断意义;腕关节磁共振成像因可早期显示局部软组织与骨骼的异常被用于此病的早期诊断,但目前国内对此畸形的磁共振成像研究较少。按桡骨远端尺倾角、掌倾角的大小可分不同类型。对于畸形与症状较重者,多需采取手术治疗。目前主要分为尺骨修整术和桡骨远端截骨术,虽然两种术式均能取得一定的临床效果,但由于手术创伤大,可有感染及术后关节活动受限等风险。     

滑轮悬吊牵引复位结合自制小夹板固定治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折

目的:探讨滑轮悬吊牵引复位结合自制小夹板固定治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2017年12月至2019年12月将收治的60例伸直型桡骨远端骨折患者分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组男12例,女18例;年龄50~75(59.63±8.08)岁;骨折按照AO分型,A2型25例,A3型5例;采用滑轮悬吊牵引复位配合自制小夹板固定。对照组男11例,女19例;年龄52~76(59.77±8.03)岁;按照AO分型,A2型24例,A3型6例;采用传统手法复位配合自制小夹板固定。比较两组患者治疗前后桡骨高度、尺偏角、掌倾角情况,并采用改良Green和O’Brien腕关节评分标准评价临床疗效。结果:60例患者均获得随访,时间11~13(11.90±0.80)个月;拆除夹板时间42~60(50.20±4.94)d,拆除夹板后X线片显示所有骨折骨性愈合,关节面平整。观察组治疗前桡骨高度、尺偏角、掌倾角分别为(4.57±1.16)mm、(12.83±3.25)°、(-21.17±3.36)°,治疗8周后分别为(10.10±1.75)mm、(24.30±3.16)°、(9.40±2.13)°;对照组治疗前桡骨高度、尺偏角、掌倾角分别为(4.50±1.43)mm、(12.83±3.10)°、(-21.50±3.38)°,治疗8周后分别为(8.90±1.24)mm、(21.20±2.91)°、(6.16±2.94)°;治疗前两组桡骨高度、尺偏角和掌倾角比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗8周后观察组桡骨高度、尺偏角和掌倾角均较对照组显著改善(P<0.05)。末次随访时观察组改良Green和O’Brien腕关节评分(90.97±7.92)分与对照组(84.77±9.14)分比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.807,P<0.05);其中观察组优18例,良10例,可2例;对照组优10例,良15例,可3例,差2例;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用滑轮悬吊牵引复位结合自制小夹板固定治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折,比传统手法牵引复位固定更具优越性,牵引稳定可靠,复位效果好,并能获得更好的腕关节功能,临床可根据患者的实际情况选择应用。     

A Galeazzi-variant type fracture-dislocation in adults

Objective：Fracture of either radius or ulna with a dislocation either at the proximal or distal radioulnar joint （DRUJ） is not a common injury and is inherently unstable.Here we report a case series,with both-bone forearm fractures associated with dislocation of DRUJ,as a Galeazzi-variant type fracture-dislocation,and try to analyze this injury pattern.Methods：The study was based on 6 patients having Galeazzi-variant type fracture-dislocation of different age （20 to 45 years）.All fractures were closed type.Two fractures involved the same level and three fractures were at different levels of radius and ulna shaft.After thorough examination and investigations they were treated with limited contact dynamic compression plate without additional fixation for DRUJ.Results：All cases were followed up for 24 weeks.The maximum incidence occurred in age group between 31 and 40 years.All the fractures of both radius and ulna were united in average time of 12 weeks.Range of motion of wrist and elbow,supination and pronation at final follow-up were normal.There was no subsequent re-subluxation or dislocation of the DRUJ in any of the cases.Conclusion：Galeazzi variant in adult is a new undescribed pattern of forearm with wrist injury.Stable open reduction and internal fixation of both-bone forearm fractures is mandatory,followed by 3 to 4 weeks of immobilization in a cast for the healing of disrupted DRUJ.