STAT3与胚泡植入关系的实验研究

目的观察信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）在早孕小鼠子宫内膜中的表达,探讨STAT3与胚泡植入的关系。方法取未孕动情期及孕1～8d的小鼠子宫做切片,采用免疫组织化学SP法和图像处理系统,对STAT3在早孕小鼠子宫内膜的表达位置和强度进行检测。结果①STAT3主要分布于小鼠子宫内膜腔上皮、腺上皮和蜕膜细胞。②妊娠小鼠子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮中STAT3的表达随妊娠进行逐渐增强,孕4d呈强阳性表达,此后表达逐渐减弱;而蜕膜细胞的表达从孕5d开始逐渐增强。③未孕组小鼠子宫内膜中STAT3弱表达。结论①STAT3参与胚泡植入过程和子宫内膜容受性的建立。②STAT3还可能参与了植入后胚泡滋养层的扩展、分化及子宫内膜蜕膜化反应。     

Bcl—2在子宫内膜和子宫腺肌症内膜中的表达

采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法检测凋亡调节蛋白ｂｃｌ－２在正常子宫内膜和腺肌症正位、异位内膜中的表达结果显示：①在正常子宫内膜和腺肌症正位内膜中，ｂｃｌ－２相似，主要见于腺上皮细胞，并有明显的周期性变化；②在子宫腺肌症月经各期的异位内膜中，ｂｃｌ－２持续表达，且无周期性变化。提示：ｂｃｌ－２主要存在于子宫内膜腺上皮细胞，其周期性变化对正常子宫内膜腺上皮细胞增殖和生理性死亡脱落起重要作用，从而调节月经；ｂ     

水通道蛋白2在人不同时期子宫内膜中的表达

目的探讨水通道蛋白2(aquaporin 2,AQP2)在人不同时期子宫内膜中的表达特点及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学技术、W estern印迹方法和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)对87例(其中增生期23例,分泌早期30例,分泌中期34例)来自生育年龄妇女不同月经周期的子宫内膜行AQP2的检测。结果AQP2阳性着色主要分布于人子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮细胞的胞膜和胞质;W estern印迹证实了AQP2在人子宫内膜中的表达,半定量分析发现增生期内膜AQP2的相对表达量为1.03±0.10,显著低于分泌早期(1.33±0.14,P<0.05)和分泌中期(1.63±0.15,P<0.01);分泌早期和中期相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论AQP2在人子宫内膜中表达,且其表达量随月经周期而变化,表明其可能在性激素作用下的子宫内液体平衡过程中起一定作用。     

沙眼衣原体感染对大鼠着床期间子宫内膜上皮细胞的影响

目的:研究沙眼衣原体(Ct)感染后大鼠着床期间子宫内膜形态学改变及肌动蛋白的变化。方法:大鼠雌雄合笼建立早孕模型,取正常妊娠组和Ct感染后妊娠组大鼠子宫,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察子宫内膜超微结构改变及荧光免疫组化检测肌动蛋白的表达。结果:SEM示对照组子宫腔可见有微绒毛的分泌细胞;实验组腔上皮细胞表面有的可见破损,微绒毛少见;免疫组化结果显示荧光强度主要定位于腔上皮细胞胞质/胞膜,妊娠第4,5,6天沿胞质顶部分布较密集,而底部较弥散;妊娠第7天顶部强度有所增加;感染组的荧光强度均弱于相应正常组,在妊娠第5天存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:沙眼衣原体感染后可能通过破坏子宫腔上皮分泌细胞,进而影响其内成分肌动蛋白,从而干扰早期妊娠。     

Hormone-like activities of Kuntai capsule in the uteri of ovariectomized rats and immature rabbits

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the hormone-like activities of Kuntai capsule (KTC) in the uteri of ovariectomized rats and immature rabbits.

不同方法确定动情周期及动情期生殖器官结构

目的 为确定最佳合笼时间,对两种常见鉴定小鼠动情周期方法进行比较,并确定处于动情期的子宫内膜和输卯管的形态结构,为动物生殖发育及胚胎研究提供基础技术指导.方法 对43只昆明小鼠分别应用阴道脱落细胞检查法、宫颈黏液结晶法,确认小鼠动情周期,与子宫、输卵管和卵巢做成石蜡切片,HE染色后镜下观察的结果进行统计分析比较,同时对处于动情期的小鼠子宫内膜和输卵管进行HE染色.结果 阴道脱落细胞检查法所确定小鼠动情周期与子宫镜检所见确定的动情周期中,在动情期的判定上吻合率较高;小鼠的阴道脱落细胞在动情周期各个时期有不同的形态特点,处于动情期的小鼠的子宫内膜和输卵管的形态与处于非动情期的小鼠有明显变化.结论 阴道脱落细胞染色检查确定动情期比宫颈黏液结晶法更为可靠;小鼠激素水平的变化使阴道上皮细胞发生周期性变化,动情期小鼠输卵管和子宫内膜发生相应改变分别为受精和着床做准备.     

Bcl-2在子宫内膜和子宫腺肌症内膜中的表达

采用免疫组织化学ABC法检测凋亡调节蛋白bcl 2在正常子宫内膜和腺肌症正位、异位内膜中的表达。结果显示 :①在正常子宫内膜和腺肌症正位内膜中 ,bcl 2 表达相似 ,主要见于腺上皮细胞 ,并有明显的周期性变化 ;②在子宫腺肌症月经各期的异位内膜中 ,bcl 2持续表达 ,且无周期性变化。提示 :bcl 2主要存在于子宫内膜腺上皮细胞 ,其周期性变化对正常子宫内膜腺上皮细胞增殖和生理性死亡脱落起重要作用 ,从而调节月经 ;bcl 2在子宫腺肌症内膜中持续表达 ,使异位内膜腺上皮细胞得以长期增殖而发病。     

间情期与发情期比格犬子宫与卵巢组织形态学的比较

目的比较比格犬的子宫、卵巢在间情期与发情期的组织形态学的差异,为后期研究奠定基础。方法用化学发光法测定了23只经产比格母犬的血清性激素水平,选取经血清学鉴定处于发情期的比格犬2只,间情期的比格犬4只的卵巢和子宫标本,中性多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,常规HE染色镜检,拍照。结果间情期犬子宫及其内膜较薄,间质纤维增生,黄体中以初级卵泡为主,可见1～2个次级卵泡,未见成熟卵泡,卵泡和黄体细胞间纤维较多、血管少。发情期犬子宫及其内膜增厚,内膜腺体腔较大,部分腺体呈分枝状弯曲,腺上皮肿大,胞浆淡染,少数可见核下空泡。卵巢中卵泡数量较多,有初级、次级和1～2个成熟卵泡。黄体细胞数量多,排列规则,境界清楚,间质纤维比较疏松,血管多,未见空泡变性。间情期和发情期犬卵巢中未见明显白体。结论间情期比格犬的性激素维持在一比较低的水平,在发情前期雌激素水平迅速增高,而在排卵后比格犬的孕酮水平较高。随发情周期的变化,卵巢和子宫在形态学上发生相应的变化。     

子宫内膜胞饮突的形成与雌孕激素及其受体的关系

目的：观察排卵正常的妇女子宫内膜接受性标志物胞饮突的形成情况;研究胞饮突的发育与雌、孕激素及其受体的关系。方法：（1）对27名妇女进行阴道B超结合检测尿LH监测排卵。（2）于尿LH＋3～11天随机进行1次子宫内膜活检,标本一部分行扫描电镜观察胞饮突,另一部分采用免疫组化技术检测子宫内膜上雌、孕激素受体（ER、PR）的表达。（3）活检日静脉采血3ml,用磁性分离酶联免疫法检测血清雌、孕激素。结果：（1）按扫描电镜下所见超微结构特点将子宫内膜分为胞饮突发育之前、发育中、成熟的和退化的胞饮突四个阶段;（2）胞饮突的发育与血清孕激素水平呈正相关关系（r=0．515,P〈0．01）;（3）胞饮突发育后,PR在腺上皮的表迭明显下降,而在间质中的表达无明显变化;腺上皮PR水平与血清孕激素水平呈负相关（y=-0．550,P〈0．01）,与胞饮突的发育有负相关关系（r=-0．793,P〈0．01）;（4）未发现胞饮突的发育与ER、雌激素水平有相关性。结论：孕激素水平升高与胞饮突发育和腺上皮孕激素受体水平下调同步,孕激素通过调节PR参与对胞饮突发育的调控。     

埃兹蛋白在不同时期人子宫内膜的表达

目的:探讨埃兹蛋白在不同时期人子宫内膜表达的变化规律.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测人正常月经周期不同时期的子宫内膜组织中埃兹蛋白的表达.结果:埃兹蛋白在人月经周期各期子宫内膜均有表达,以分泌中晚期子宫内膜组织中表达较强,表达量明显高于增生期和分泌早期(P＜0.05).结论:埃兹蛋白在正常子宫内膜中的表达呈现明显周期依赖性,分泌中晚期表达增强提示可能与种植窗的开放相关,从而参与子宫内膜容受性的建立.     

三苯氧氨和雌二醇对大鼠子宫调节作用的形态学研究

用光镜和电镜观察切除卵巢大鼠注射雌二醇或雌二醇加三苯氧氨（Ｔａｍｏｘｉｆｅｎ）６小时后子宫上皮的变化。结果表明，单纯注射雌二醇６小时后子宫上皮腺体增生、细胞的重量和数量增加、呈现假复层、偶见脂滴，子宫上皮细胞分泌功能较旺盛，但注射雌二醇加三苯氧氨６小时后腺体减少、上皮细胞不增殖、内有大量的脂质小体、表明上皮细胞呈化退状态。此结果进一步证实三苯氧氨有抑制雌二醇刺激子宫上皮细胞分裂的作用。     

类胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1-3介导孕激素在人孕早期的作用

目的探讨孕激素（P）通过其受体（PR）及类胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1-3（IGFBP1-3）介导,对胚泡着床的影响。方法选取早孕5～7周行人流术的健康成年妇女蜕膜和绒毛标本共48例,每一孕周分早、中、晚三个时期,每个时期5～6例。以分泌中期（月经周期第21d）宫内膜标本为对照。采用放射免疫法测定血清P水平;采用免疫组化LsAB法和计算机图像分析法检测IGFBP1-3和PR在围着床期子宫内膜、蜕膜和绒毛滋养层细胞中的表达。结果血清P值从分泌中期逐渐上升,在孕5～6周时呈现一峰值,高于分泌中期水平（P〈0．05）。PR在宫内膜腔上皮和蜕膜细胞中表达与血清P存在相关性,但在腺上皮及胚胎滋养层细胞中的表达与血清P无相关性。IGFBP1-3在子宫内膜腺、腔上皮和蜕膜细胞中的表达与血清P具相关性。但胚胎滋养层细胞中的表达与血清P无相关性。结论P对早期妊娠发生与维持具有重要作用,其作用可能是通过胎盘界面PR及IGFBP1-3的介导来完成的。     

The Role of Chorionic Gonadotropin (CG) in Blastocyst Implantation

Implantation is a complex spatio-temporal interaction between the genotypically different embryo and the mother. Success of this event requires the synchronization of development and effective biochemical communications from both sides. Chorionic gonadotropin (CG), which is a major embryonic signal in the primate, is a glycoprotein hormone synthesized and secreted by the trophoblast. Various isoforms exist in plasma, urine, and blastocyst culture medium, a result of posttranslational modifications. The exponential secretion of CG and its long circulatory half-life extends the life span of corpus luteum to maintain the supply of progesterone during the first 6-8 weeks of pregnancy. To study the direct effects of CG in the uterus, we used the baboon (Papio anubis) as a non-human primate model. In vivo stimulation with CG during the window of uterine receptivity results in further morphologic and biochemical modifications of the receptive endometrium. These are characterized by the plaque reaction in the luminal epithelium, an increase in glycodelin expression and secretion by the glandular epithelium, and the differentiation of subepithelial stromal fibroblasts characterized by expression of the alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA). Pretreatment with progesterone receptor antagonist (PRa) completely or partially inhibits these effects. The signal transduction pathway activated by CG in primate endometrial epithelial cells involves the protein kinase A (PKA)-independent phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK 1/2). This alternate signal transduction pathway may prevent CG Receptor (R) downregulation at the implantation site and enhance epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, our results suggest that CG plays an important role in implantation in addition to its luteotrophic role.     

人子宫内膜基质细胞及腺上皮细胞的分离纯化和体外培养

目的：建立人子宫正常内膜、内膜异位症在位及异位子宫内膜的基质及腺上皮细胞分离、培养的方法，为进一步研究子宫内膜异位症发生、发展的分子生物学机制提供一个理想的实验模型。方法：15例正常子宫内膜、15例在位子宫内膜及10例异位内膜经胶原酶消化、筛网过滤、差时贴壁等技术进行分离、纯化和体外培养，光镜观察，应用鼠抗人波形蛋白抗体、鼠抗人细胞角蛋白单克隆抗体免疫组化染色对间质及上皮细胞进行鉴定。结果：正常子宫内膜和子宫内膜异位症在位子宫内膜标本分离、培养均成功；5例异位内膜标本获得成功．基质细胞和腺上皮细胞纯度均可达95％以上，并均可传代。结论：采用酶解、筛网分离及贴壁能获得纯度较高的基质与腺上皮细胞。人子宫内膜细胞分离体外培养的成功，有助于研究子宫内膜异位症的发病机制．为临床实验提供重要的理论依据．     

Expression of TRAIL in Mouse Uterine Endometrium during Embryo Implantation

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is primarily produced from activated macrophages, is one of the important cytokines that can induce cells to undergo apoptosis[1]. TNF-relatedapoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also called Apo-2L, is a new member of TNF …     

雌激素替代治疗对去卵巢雌性大鼠萘性白内障晶状体上皮细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

目的 观察雌二醇及雌二醇联合孕酮对去卵巢雌性大鼠萘性白内障晶状体上皮细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响.方法 将32只健康成年雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组,即对照组、卵巢切除组、雌二醇组(卵巢切除加雌二醇替代治疗组)、雌二醇加孕酮组(卵巢切除加雌二醇和孕酮替代治疗组).术后2周各组均用萘混悬液灌胃并行裂隙灯显微镜检查,观察各组大鼠晶状体变化;灌胃6周后处死大鼠,采用放射免疫法检测血清中雌二醇和孕酮浓度,免疫组化(S-P)法观察晶状体上皮细胞(LECs)中凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达.结果 雌二醇组、雌二醇加孕酮组以及对照组晶状体浑浊程度较卵巢切除组轻,出现时间晚;雌二醇组和雌二醇加孕酮组血清雌二醇与孕酮水平接近对照组(P>0.05);除卵巢切除组外,3组间Bcl-2蛋白和Bax蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);卵巢切除组血清雌二醇与孕酮水平显著低于其余3组(P<0.01),Bcl-2蛋白表达阳性率较其余3组低,Bax蛋白表达阳性率则较其余3组高(P<0.05).结论 抑制晶状体上皮细胞凋亡可能是雌二醇对萘处理去卵巢雌性大鼠晶状体保护作用的机制之一;雌二醇可能通过下调Bax蛋白表达和上调Bcl-2蛋白表达抑制LECs的凋亡而阻止晶状体混浊.     

黄体功能不全患者子宫内膜上皮细胞整合素β3亚单位与孕激素受体关系

目的　探讨黄体功能不全患者子宫接受性与上皮细胞雌、孕激素受体的关系。方法　应用免疫组化方法测定黄体功能不全患者子宫内膜上皮细胞整合素β3亚单位和雌、孕激素受体的表达。结果　黄体功能不全患者子宫内膜上皮细胞整合素 β3亚单位含量显著降低 ,而雌、孕激素受体含量明显升高。结论　黄体功能不全患者子宫接受性下降 ,且与黄体中期雌、孕激素受体失去下调密切相关。     

A Study of Changes in Uterine Leucocytes During Early Pregnancy in the Mouse-vole Interspesific Pregnancies

Mouse and vole embryos were allogeneically and xenogeneically transferred into pseudopregnant CD.1 and immunodeficient (seid)female mice,and we investigated the distribution of uterine leucocytes cells in the implantation sites on days 5,6,and 7 of pregnancy. Maerophages were evenly distributed in the endometrium on days 5-7.Neutrophils were rarely seen on days 5-7,but lymphocytes were found throughout the endometrium,often in groups associated with glands or the luminal epithelium.The number of uNK cells increased markedly at the mesometrial uriangle and the outer decidual area in the CD-1 uteri containing vole embryos;by contrast,seid uteri having vole embryos showed almost the same number as those having mouse embryos.Mast cells were present in large numbers at the myometrium,but rarely in the decidua in all types of pregnant uteri.Cells at the myometrium were more numerous in xenogeneic than in allogeneic transfer.Maay mast cells appeared in the inner decidua where xenogeneically transferred vole embryos were dead and aborted.These results suggest the possibility that uterine leucocytes mediate various immunological events in the mouse-vole interspesific pregnancies.     

Study on Relevance of Endothelin to Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Associated with Long-Term Subdermal Implants Use

Objective To investigate the relationship between estradiol, progesterone and endothelin (ET) and abnormal uterine bleeding after using sub-dermal contraceptive implant Materials & methods A prospective self-control clinical trial was conducted in 29 women in the self-control group. Blood samples were obtained on four occasions across the different phases of menstrual cycle before and after using implant. A blood sample was taken for a single determination in another 59 women in the already-use implant group. Plasma of estradiol, progesterone and endothelin were determined by using radioimmunoassays (RIA) in both groups.Results The level of estradiol and progesterone had no significant differences in women before and after using implant in self-control group. The level of estradiol,progesterone had no differences between women with normal and abnormal menstrual cycle in both groups. The levels of plasma endothelin (ET) in women with abnormal bleeding pattern were higher than women with normal bleeding pattern, but difference was not significant. Women with abnormal bleeding pattern had significantly higher ET level than that in women with normal bleeding pattern before using implants,especially in early-proliferative phase and mid-proliferative phase. the level of plasma endothelin was significantly higher in women with disturbed bleeding pattern than that in normal women in the already-use group.Conclusion High serum concentrations of ET are likely to be correlated with abnormal uterine bleeding in long-term subdermal contraceptive implants users.