怀地黄药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的: 建立怀地黄药材的HPLC指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制其质量提供可靠方法。 方法: 采用HPLC梯度洗脱法,对怀地黄药材进行测定,色谱条件,Dikma DiamonsilC₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,乙腈-0.1%磷酸水系统梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温35℃,检测波长205 nm。 结果: 标定了13个共有峰,建立了HPLC指纹图谱,该图谱的相关系数均在0.99以上。 结论: 该方法精确可靠,重复性好,可为控制怀地黄药材内在质量提供科学依据。     

桃枝类药材HPLC指纹图谱的鉴别

目的: 建立桃枝类药材高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱鉴别方法。方法: 采用RP-HPLC,Diamonsil-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μｍ)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸水,梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL·min^-1,290 nm波长下测定山桃枝、桃枝、桃叶及桃仁指纹图谱,并作相似度比较分析。结果: 建立了山桃枝药材HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,有47个共有指纹峰被标定,并对山桃枝、桃枝、桃叶及桃仁药材的HPLC指纹图谱进行相似度比较,结果有明显差异。结论: HPLC指纹图谱具有方法简便,重复性好,特征性强的特点,可用于桃枝类药材鉴别。     

茜草药材的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的: 建立河南不同产地茜草药材的 HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,为茜草药材的质量评价提供参考依据。 方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,Phenomenex ODS C₁₈柱（4.60 mm×250 mm,4 μm）,甲醇-0.2%磷酸水梯度洗脱,检测波长275 nm,流速0.8 mL·min^-1,柱温25℃。 结果: 以大叶茜草素为参照峰,确定11个共有峰,测定了14批茜草药材HPLC指纹图谱与对照图谱的相似度。 结论: 所建立的方法可用于茜草药材指纹图谱测定,并可对其今后规范药用资源及质量评价提供科学依据。     

紫花地丁药材及其混淆品的HPLC指纹图谱研究

 目的 研究并建立紫花地丁药材的指纹图谱。方法 采用RP-HPLC,C₁₈柱,柱温：27 ℃;检测波长：236 nm;0.02%磷酸水-CH₃CN溶液进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,对38批以紫花地丁名称出售或使用的药材进行检测。结果 建立了紫花地丁药材的HPLC指纹图谱方法,标出紫花地丁药材13个共有峰,不同质量的药材的指纹图谱存在差异;紫花地丁药材与9批混淆品的指纹图谱明显不同。结论 所建立的方法具有重复性好、特征性强、方法简便等特点,能较好区分药材质量和区别紫花地丁与其混淆品。     

樟帮栀子饮片HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的：建立樟帮栀子饮片的HPLC特征指纹图谱,为其质量控制提供参考。方法：采用RP-HPLC,Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XBD-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量20 μL,检测波长238 nm（0~20 min）,440 nm（20~40 min）。结果：初步建立了樟帮栀子饮片HPLC指纹图谱,确定共有峰9个。将11批不同产地、相同炮制方法的栀子饮片指纹图谱与樟帮栀子饮片对照指纹图谱进行相似度比较,相似度在0.495~0.952。结论：用于建立樟帮栀子饮片指纹图谱的10批天齐堂饮片厂提供的栀子饮片相似度理想,而收集于不同产地、采用相同的炮制方法炮制的栀子饮片内在质量具有较大差异性。     

瓜蒌皮药材的HPLC指纹图谱

目的：建立瓜蒌皮药材的 HPLC 指纹图谱。方法：采用 Agilent TC-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-0.2%冰乙酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长 260 nm,流速 0.8 mL·min^-1,柱温 25℃,进样20 μL。结果：建立了瓜蒌皮药材的HPLC指纹图谱,方法学考察结果良好,确立了13个共有峰,其中5个共有峰得到确认,10批瓜蒌皮样品指纹图谱的相似度均>0.9。结论：该方法稳定性、重复性好,建立的指纹图谱可为瓜蒌皮的质量评价提供依据。     

红花龙胆高效液相指纹图谱

目的： 建立红花龙胆药材的HPLC指纹图谱的测定方法。 方法： 采用以Diamonsi L C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×200 mm,5 μm）,流动相乙腈（A）-0.05%磷酸水溶液（B）梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL·min^-1,检测波长245 nm,柱温25℃。 结果： 建立了红花龙胆药材HPLC指纹图谱,标定了40个共有峰,以芒果苷为参照峰,12批红花龙胆药材的相似度均>0.97。 结论： 该法重复性好,专属性强,可为红花龙胆药材质量控制提供科学依据。     

不同产地金银花药材的UPLC指纹图谱分析

目的： 建立不同产地金银花药材的超高效液相特征性指纹图谱,为有效控制和科学评价金银花药材整体质量提供依据。 方法： 采用Agilent C₁₈ 色谱柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm）,流动相乙腈-0.2%磷酸水,以0.4 mL·min^-1的流速进行梯度洗脱,检测波长238 nm,柱温30 ℃。 结果： 在21 min内得到金银花药材的指纹图谱,对其中5个色谱峰进行了初步归属,并对14批药材样品进行了分析,其相似度为0.915~0.987。 结论： UPLC指纹图谱方法较HPLC大大缩短了分析时间,可用于金银花药材的质量评价。     

桑叶药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的: 建立桑叶药材的指纹图谱,为桑叶药材的质量控制提供依据。 方法: 采用HPLC法,Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-1.0%醋酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长290 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样10 μL。 结果: 建立了13批桑叶药材的指纹图谱。桑叶合格药材有16个共有峰,多数峰可以达到较好分离,具有较高的相似度。 结论: 建立的高效液相指纹图谱有较好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,可作为桑叶质量评价参考。     

巴戟天炮制前后寡糖类成分HPLC-CAD指纹图谱研究

目的 采用HPLC-CAD法研究巴戟天Morindae Officinalis Radix炮制前后寡糖类成分的HPLC-CAD指纹图谱变化,为科学评价和控制其质量提供可靠依据。方法 采用Shodex Asahipak NH₂（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈和水为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温为25 ℃,进样量为10 μL。CAD参数：气压241.36 kPa,量程100 pA。结果 巴戟天不同炮制品的HPLC指纹图谱共有峰特征明显,不同炮制品指纹图谱有差异。炮制后峰面积显著升高,表明巴戟天经炮制后,寡糖的量明显增加,炮制品共确定了10个共有峰。结论 建立了巴戟天寡糖类成分的HPLC特征图谱检测方法,可用于巴戟天及其炮制品的质量控制。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants involved in popular treatment of mycoses

A survey of medicinal plants used to treat common mycoses was done in the Curituba district, Sergipe State, Brazil. One hundred inhabitants were interviewed by health agents and traditional healers. Four different plants were the most cited (more than 50% of the citations): Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Bumelia sartorum and Hymenea courbaril. The aqueous extracts obtained following traditional methods and using different parts of these plants, were submitted to drop agar diffusion tests for primary antimicrobial screening. Only the water infusion extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis presented a significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Candida guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Fonsecaea pedrosoi, when compared to the antifungal agent amphotericin B. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive extracts was evaluated by the microdilution method. Best activity with a MIC of 6.5 microg/ml for both extracts was observed against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida guilliermondii. Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis extracts presented also low acute toxicity in murine models. The present study validates the folk use of these plant extracts and indicates that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal infections.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

乌拉尔甘草HMGR基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

目的:对乌拉尔甘草3.羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3methylglutary CoA reductase,HMGR)的cDNA克隆并进行序列分析.方法:根据NCBI数据库中的豆科其他物种HMGR的cDNA保守区设计引物,利用同源扩增和cDNA末端快速扩增技术从甘草根中获得目的基因;利用BLAST进行序列比对,ORF Finder寻找开发阅读框,Prosite分析蛋白质的基本结构域,Clustal x比对已有HMGR的氨基酸序列,并构建进化树.结果:得到1个全长为1 842 bp的HMGR的cDNA序列,含有1 722 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码573个氨基酸,具有HMGR家族的特异序列,推测的氨基酸序列与豌豆、蒺藜苜蓿的氨基酸序列一致性分别为84%,76%.结论:对甘草HMGR基因的cDNA进行了克隆,为进一步研究3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A在甘草酸生物合成途径中的作用提供了理论依据.     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。     

2种黔产淫羊藿总黄酮对免疫功能影响的比较研究

目的:比较2种黔产淫羊藿总黄酮(TFE)对CTX小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:采用CTX造免疫低下小鼠模型,同时给药10d,以体重、脾重、脾指数,血清溶血素浓度,血清TNF-α及IL-2含量为指标,观察2种TFE增强免疫作用,并比较其差异.结果:单次ip CTX 80m9·kg(-1),使正常小鼠的脾指数、血清溶血素水平、IL-2和TNF-α含量明显下降;ig 2种TFE1.3,0.65g·kg(-1)10d,可使体重、脾重、睥指数上升(P<0.01),下降的溶血素值回升(P<0.01),以及下降的IL-2和TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.01).结论:2种黔产淫羊藿TFE对CTX小鼠的非特异免疫和特异免疫功能都具有明显增强作用;但2种黔产淫羊藿茎叶TFE增强免疫作用差异不明显.提示TFE中除了淫羊藿苷(ICA)外,尚有其他增强免疫的有效成分.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.