TACE序贯联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌疗效观察

目的探索TACE序贯联合经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗原发性肝癌临床效果。方法选取2015年12月至2016年12月于本单位收治的114例病人(原发性肝癌)为观察对象,采用数字表法将所有观察对象随机单盲分成:对照组57例单纯应用肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗,观察组57例行TACE序贯联合经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗。术后均随访2年,比较两组患者治疗后的近期疗效、生存率及甲胎蛋白(AFP)下降情况。结果观察组肿瘤完全缓解率为12.28%、部分缓解率为66.66%、稳定率为17.54%,均明显高于对照组。观察组1年、2年生存率分别为81.80%、68.42%,对照组1年、2年生存率分别为75.43%、50.87%,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组甲胎蛋白下降率为78.94%对照组下降率为49.12%血清AFP下降率组间比较有统计学差异0.05。结论 TACE联合RFA治疗能有效地控制肿瘤的生长,可明显延长患者的生存期。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术对中晚期原发性肝癌的近期疗效分析

目的探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮肝穿刺射频消融术(RFA)治疗中晚期原发性肝癌(PHC)的临床疗效和安全性。方法将125例中晚期PHC患者按治疗方法不同分为TACE组(40例)、RFA组(38例)及TACE+RFA组(47例),观察3组近期疗效和并发症发生情况;采用Kaplan-Meier法计算复发率、生存率及中位生存期,比较采用Log-Rank时序检验。结果 TACE+RFA组总有效率为74.5%,明显高于TACE组的52.5%和RFA组的47.4%(P0.05);TACE+RFA组1、2年复发率分别为17.0%、31.9%,均明显低于TACE组(37.5%、57.5%)和RFA组(42.1%、60.5%)(P0.05);TACE+RFA组1、2年生存率分别为89.4%、70.2%,均明显高于TACE组(70.0%、47.5%)和RFA组(68.4%、44.7%)(P0.05);且TACE+RFA组中位生存期(26个月)明显长于TACE组(21个月)和RFA组(19个月)(P0.05)。结论 TACE联合RFA可有效治疗中晚期PHC,减少术后复发率并提高生存率,延长患者生存期,其疗效优于单纯TACE或单纯RFA治疗。     

多极射频消融联合TACE治疗巨块型肝癌的疗效

目的与单纯TACE治疗对比,评价多极射频消融(RFA)联合TACE治疗巨块型肝细胞癌(HCC)的疗效。方法将55例经病理、影像学诊断、血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)检查确诊的巨块型HCC患者随机分为两组:联合组27例,接受TACE联合CT导引下RFA治疗;对照组28例,接受单纯TACE治疗。比较两种方法治疗后的总有效率、血清AFP、肝功能等指标。结果治疗术后1、3个月行增强CT扫描,联合组及对照组术后总有效率分别为85.19%、57.14%(P<0.05)。术后2个月联合组血清AFP值由(413.18±354.70)ng/ml降至(80.16±76.64)ng/ml,对照组由(426.81±385.63)ng/ml降至(161.64±132.89)ng/ml(P<0.05)。联合组及对照组治疗后,总胆红素、丙氨酸转氨酶、谷草转氨酶均有一过性增高,术后2周基本恢复至术前水平,两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 RFA联合TA-CE治疗巨块型HCC是安全、有效的综合介入治疗方法。     

射频消融术联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌

目的探讨射频消融术(RFA)联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(肝癌)的效果。方法选取2013-01—2016-01间在灵宝市第一人民医院接受治疗的28例肝癌患者。将接受RFA治疗的患者设为对照组,将行TACE联合RFA治疗的患者作为观察组,各14例。比较2组治疗效果。结果 (1)术后2组患者的临床症状均明显缓解,AFP较术前下降,均未出现严重并发症。术后1个月观察组患者的疾病控制率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)观察组1 a、2 a生存率和中位生存期均优于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与单纯RFA比较,采用RFA联合TACE方法治疗手术切除困难的肝癌,可延长患者的生存期。     

栓塞化疗及射频的序贯应用对大肝癌术后复发防治的价值

目的探讨术后栓塞化疗（TACE）和射频消融（RFA）的序贯应用对大肝癌术后复发的防治效果。 方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2015年12月中山市人民医院大肝癌手术切除113例,其中术后53例行TACE（TACE组）,34例行TACE和RFA（TACE+RFA组）,26例行单纯手术切除治疗（单纯切除组）。以术后总体生存期,术后1、3、5年生存率,术后1、2、3年复发率等指标评价3组患者的中远期疗效。 结果(1)TACE组、TACE+RFA组和单纯切除组患者的中位生存时间分别为39.0、49.0、29.0个月,TACE+RFA组中位生存时间最长,单纯切除组最短（χ²=12.5,P=0.002）。(2)TACE组术后1、3、5年生存率分别为86.8%、62.2%、34.0%,TACE+RFA组为82.3%、55.8%、41.1%,单纯手术组为76.9%、34.6%、19.2%,3组患者术后3、5年生存率差异有统计学意义,远期生存率以TACE+RFA组为最高（P<0.05）。(3)TACE组术后1、2、3年复发率分别为15.1%、33.9%、62.2%,TACE+RFA组为29.4%、55.9%、70.5%,单纯手术组为23.1%、42.3%、80.7%。单纯切除组3年复发率明显高于术后TACE组及TACE+RFA组,所有年复发率以术后TACE组为最低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论术后TACE可预防大肝癌术后中、远期复发,而TACE联合RFA的序贯性应用能明显改善大肝癌术后复发的预后。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术加或不加射频消融治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法对2013年1月至2014年5月行 TACE 联合 RFA 治疗的81例中晚期原发性肝癌病人资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期单独行 TACE 的99例中晚期原发性肝癌病人进行疗效比较。结果TACE 联合 RFA 治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌病人疗效明显好于单纯行 TACE 组病人,TACE联合 RFA 组在肿瘤的疾病控制率(93.8%)、完全缓解率(13.6%)及部分缓解率(44.4%)均优于单纯行 TACE 组(76.8%、5.1%、30.3%),P <0.05;AFP 下降水平也优于单纯行 TACE 组(P <0.05)。结论TACE 联合 RFA 治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效好,可做临床推广。     

肝动脉栓塞联合经皮射频消融术治疗原发性大肝癌50例疗效分析

目的 :探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮射频消融术(RFA)治疗原发性大肝癌的治疗效果。方法:回顾分析2007年6月—2015年6月50例大肝癌患者,行PACE联合RFA治疗,分析其术后临床症状、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、肝功能等指标,随访4~60个月,随访终点为患者死亡或随访期结束(2015年6月),采用Kaplan-Meier进行生存分析。结果:经TACE联合RFA治疗后,患者AFP明显下降,肿瘤组织直径减小,至随访结束,随访4~60个月,平均(42.22±16.77)月,完全缓解10例(20%),部分缓解2例(4%),疾病进展4例(8%),死亡34例(68%)。全组病例中位生存期45个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为92.0%、62.0%、32.0%。结论:TACE联合RFA治疗直径5 cm的原发性肝癌安全有效,可以延长生存时间,改善患者生存质量。     

血清甲胎蛋白作为BCLC C期肝细胞癌免疫联合靶向序贯外科治疗预后标志物的临床研究

目的分析甲胎蛋白预测晚期肝细胞癌患者免疫联合靶向序贯外科手术生存获益的价值。方法收集2018年12月至2021年12月解放军总医院肝胆胰外科医学部收治的免疫联合靶向序贯外科手术切除、初诊时血清甲胎蛋白阳性(>20 μg/L)的巴塞罗那临床肝癌分期(BCLC) C期肝细胞癌患者资料。入组50例患者, 其中男性45例, 女性5例, 年龄(53.0±10.5)岁。根据免疫联合靶向治疗后患者血清甲胎蛋白是否降至正常水平分为甲胎蛋白正常组(n=27, 甲胎蛋白≤20 μg/L)和对照组(n=23, 甲胎蛋白>20 μg/L)。门诊复查或电话随访患者生存和复发情况。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率, 生存率比较采用log-rank检验。比较两组免疫联合靶向治疗的疗效。单因素和多因素Cox回归分析患者预后影响因素。结果两组均未达到中位生存期。甲胎蛋白正常组1、2年累积生存率分别为95.0%、88.2%, 对照组分别为73.4%、54.1%。甲胎蛋白正常组中位无复发生存期尚未达到, 对照组中位无复发生存期为11个月。甲胎蛋白正常组术后1年无复发生存率为78.1%, 对照组为39.5%。...     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌及术后复发性肝癌的疗效比较及预后因素分析

目的比较TACE联合射频消融(RFA)治疗初发性及复发性肝癌的疗效,探讨影响预后的因素。方法对118例接受TACE联合RFA治疗肝癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将患者分为初发组和复发组,比较两组间的总体生存率、无瘤生存率、安全性,选择可能对预后产生影响的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果肝癌初发组1、2、3年生存率分别为93.20%、81.70%、67.10%,复发组为93.30%、81.70%、65.80%;初发组1、2、3年无瘤生存率为74.00%、49.10%、35.00%,复发组为57.40%、28.40%、14.20%,两组总体生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。复发组的无瘤生存率显著低于初发组(P=0.015)。血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、Child-Pugh分级、总胆红素和合并门静脉侧支循环是影响消融后患者生存率的独立危险因素(P均0.05),AFP和合并门静脉侧支还是影响无瘤复发的独立危险因素。结论 TACE联合RFA治疗复发性肝癌可提高患者的生存率,减少肿瘤复发。总胆红素、AFP、Child-Pugh分级和合并门静脉侧支循环是影响肝癌患者生存率的显著性预后影响因子。     

肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效分析

背景与目的:肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术(TACE) 是治疗中晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)的重要手段,为进一步提高中晚期HCC的治疗效果,TACE联合射频消融术(RFA)的方案也被用于临床,但目前尚无高质量的随机化研究来明确该联合方案的临床疗效,为此,本研究通过采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)的方法,减少混杂偏倚影响,探讨TACE联合RFA对于中晚期HCC的疗效。方法:收集2012年1月—2018年1月在西南医科大学附属医院肝胆外科接受单纯TACE治疗(TACE组)和TACE联合RFA治疗(联合组)符合纳入标准的中晚期HCC患者临床资料,用PSM法对两组患者临床资料进行1:1匹配后,用Kaplan-Meier法比较两组患者总体生存率差异,以及按不同临床因素分亚组后的生存率差异。结果:共收集到221例符合条件的患者,其中TACE组127例,联合组94例,PSM后成功配对160例患者。TACE组和联合组患者的中位生存时间分别18、22个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为91.3%、57.9%、16.1%和94.4%、66.2%、29.2%,联合组患者的生存率明显优于TACE组患者(P=0.024)。进一步亚组分析显示,在AFP≤400 μg/L和肿瘤为单发的患者中,联合组的生存时间均优于TACE组(P=0.044、P=0.037),而在AFP400 μg/L、肿瘤多发以及Child评分在A或B级的患者中,TACE组与联合组的生存率均无明差异(均P0.05)。结论:TACE联合RFA治疗较单独TACE治疗对延长中晚期HCC患者的生存时间有着明显优势。在AFP≤400 μg/L和单发肿瘤的中晚期患者中采用TACE联合RFA治疗可明显延长患者生存时间,对于多发肿瘤和AFP400 μg/L的患者,TACE联合RFA治疗并无明显优势;Child分级可能并不是选择TACE联合RFA治疗的参考指标。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.