经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术对中晚期原发性肝癌的近期疗效分析

目的探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮肝穿刺射频消融术(RFA)治疗中晚期原发性肝癌(PHC)的临床疗效和安全性。方法将125例中晚期PHC患者按治疗方法不同分为TACE组(40例)、RFA组(38例)及TACE+RFA组(47例),观察3组近期疗效和并发症发生情况;采用Kaplan-Meier法计算复发率、生存率及中位生存期,比较采用Log-Rank时序检验。结果 TACE+RFA组总有效率为74.5%,明显高于TACE组的52.5%和RFA组的47.4%(P0.05);TACE+RFA组1、2年复发率分别为17.0%、31.9%,均明显低于TACE组(37.5%、57.5%)和RFA组(42.1%、60.5%)(P0.05);TACE+RFA组1、2年生存率分别为89.4%、70.2%,均明显高于TACE组(70.0%、47.5%)和RFA组(68.4%、44.7%)(P0.05);且TACE+RFA组中位生存期(26个月)明显长于TACE组(21个月)和RFA组(19个月)(P0.05)。结论 TACE联合RFA可有效治疗中晚期PHC,减少术后复发率并提高生存率,延长患者生存期,其疗效优于单纯TACE或单纯RFA治疗。     

RFA联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效观察

目的观察射频消融术(RFA)联合导管动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)治疗晚期肝癌的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2005年6月～2011年6月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院肝胆外科92例接受TACE及RFA治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌患者,其中88例具有完整的临床治疗过程及随访资料,共43例接受TACE治疗(TACE组),45例接受TACE联合RFA治疗(TACE.RFA组),两组患者的一般临床资料及肿瘤情况差异无统计学意义,比较其生存状况并予以分层分析。结果手术前后螺旋CT摄片或彩超比较显示消融效果良好,两组治疗后肿瘤坏死总有效率(CR+PR)分别为67.4%(29/43)、91.1%(41/45),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接受RFA的患者与对照组相比其生存质量及生存时间均有显著提高。结论对于难以手术切除的原发性肝癌患者,RAF联合TACE的治疗效果明显优于单纯TACE。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效分析

探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的临床效果。收集2006年6月—2011年6月采用TACE联合RFA治疗合并有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌42例(观察组),并筛选同期单纯TACE治疗的患者42例(对照组)。比较2组1、2、3年存活率及治疗前后的临床改善、血清肿瘤标志物(AFP)和肿瘤影像学的改变。观察组患者肿瘤及门静脉癌栓坏死、缩小比率明显优于对照组(P0.01),术后6个月观察组AFP降至正常的患者明显多于对照组(P0.01),而且观察组患者1、2、3年存活率明显高于对照组(P0.05),2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TACE联合RFA治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓具有十分显著的疗效,有利于改善患者预后。     

TACE联合氩氦刀冷冻治疗原发性肝癌临床分析

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合氩氦刀冷冻治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效。方法将77例中晚期肝癌随机分为二组：A组37倒,行TACE联合氩氦刀冷冻治疗;B组40例,单纯行TACE术。比较两组患者血清AFP水平以及半年和1年生存率。结果A组AFP下降比B组明显（P〈0．05）,A组患者1年生存率高于B组（P〈0．05）。结论TACE联合氩氦刀冷冻治疗原发性肝癌疗效优于单纯性行TACE治疗,是治疗中晚期肝癌的一种有效方法。     

褪黑素联合肝动脉栓塞化学药物治疗中晚期肝癌

目的比较中晚期原发性肝癌患者单纯行肝动脉化学药物栓塞(TACE)及加用褪黑素(MLT)的临床效果.方法1997年1月至1998年1月收治100例不能1期手术的中晚期肝癌病人,TACE治疗组50例;MLT+TACE组50例,在TACE治疗前1周起开始口服MLT20*!mg/d.结果两组近期有效率(WHO标准)分别为16%(8/50)和28%(14/50)(P＜0.05),0.5年、1年及2年生存率TACE组分别为82%(41/50)、54%(27/50)和26%(13/50),MLT+TACE组分别为100%(50/50)、68%(34/50)及40%(20/50),两组比较MLT+TACE组疗效明显优于单纯TACE组(P均＜0.05).MLT可使TACE治疗后患者外周血IL-2的含量提高及SIL-2R的表达降低(P＜0.01).结论MLT可增强患者的免疫保护,提高TACE的疗效,延长患者的生存期.     

TACE联合RFA与单纯RFA治疗肝细胞癌疗效与安全性比较的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析评价TACE联合射频消融(RFA)与单纯RFA治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)的疗效及安全性。方法检索2000年1月—2016年11月关于TACE联合RFA与单纯RFA治疗HCC的临床随机对照试验设计的中英文文献,提取纳入研究的信息并行Meta分析。结果共12篇文献入选本研究。Meta分析结果显示,TACE联合RFA组1年、3年总体生存率及1年、3年无瘤生存率均优于单纯RFA治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);两组间5年总体生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.07)。对于肿瘤最大径3cm的HCC,TACE联合RFA组与单纯RFA组1年、3年总体生存率及1年、3年无瘤生存率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。两组间严重并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.82)。结论 TACE联合RFA治疗HCC的近、中期疗效优于单纯RFA治疗,远期疗效无明显差异。     

TACE术联合RFA术对高危部位原发性肝癌的临床疗效分析

目的探讨经动脉栓塞术(TACE)联合射频消融术(RFA)对高危部位原发性肝癌的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析自2013年4月至2018年4月收治的100例高危部位原发性肝癌患者资料,根据不同疗法分为两组,每组50例。TACE组患者采用TACE术进行治疗,联合组患者采用TACE术联合RFA术进行治疗。数据采用SPSS18.0进行分析,两组患者近期疗效、1年内生存率和术后并发症采用χ²检验,两组患者的甲胎蛋白(AFP)和体力状况评分(KPS)指标采用( ±s)表示,独立t检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果联合组患者近期疗效高于TACE组(P<0.05);联合组患者1年生存率为77.9%高于TACE组1年生存率54.6%(P<0.05);术前,两组患者的AFP数值和KPS数值对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后,联合组患者的AFP数值低于TACE组(P<0.05),但KPS数值高于TACE组(P<0.05);联合组患者腹痛的不良反应率高于TACE组(P<0.05),但其他各项不良反应均低于TACE组(P<0.05)。 结论TACE术联合RFA术对高危部位原发性肝癌的近期疗效比单纯TACE术要好,患者的生存期有所延长,联合术对不能实施手术治疗的原发性肝癌患者有着很好的应用价值,值得临床推广。     

TACE联合RFA与TACE联合冷循环微波刀治疗原发性肝癌的疗效比较

目的评价比较肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)以及TACE联合冷循环微波刀治疗原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的效果。方法 50例患者接受TACE联合RFA,60例患者接受TACE联合冷循环微波刀治疗术。术后4周复查动态增强CT,观察疗效。采用Tyko Radinics CooltipTM systerm进行RFA,ECO-100冷循环微波肿瘤治疗系统进行微波刀治疗。结果治疗后1个月,两组患者肿瘤一次消融率分别为70.00%和87.67%,TACE联合冷循环微波刀组肿瘤完全坏死率高于TACE联合RFA组(P0.05)。结论 TACE联合采用Tyko Radinics CooltipTM进行RFA以及TACE联合ECO-100冷循环微波肿瘤治疗系统进行微波刀治疗均为原发性肝细胞癌的有效治疗方法,后者是单纯TACE疗效不佳者的较理想选择。     

TACE序贯联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌疗效观察

目的探索TACE序贯联合经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗原发性肝癌临床效果。方法选取2015年12月至2016年12月于本单位收治的114例病人(原发性肝癌)为观察对象,采用数字表法将所有观察对象随机单盲分成:对照组57例单纯应用肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗,观察组57例行TACE序贯联合经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗。术后均随访2年,比较两组患者治疗后的近期疗效、生存率及甲胎蛋白(AFP)下降情况。结果观察组肿瘤完全缓解率为12.28%、部分缓解率为66.66%、稳定率为17.54%,均明显高于对照组。观察组1年、2年生存率分别为81.80%、68.42%,对照组1年、2年生存率分别为75.43%、50.87%,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组甲胎蛋白下降率为78.94%对照组下降率为49.12%血清AFP下降率组间比较有统计学差异0.05。结论 TACE联合RFA治疗能有效地控制肿瘤的生长,可明显延长患者的生存期。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效

目的评价TACE联合射频消融(RFA)治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析72例中晚期肝癌患者,其中35例行TACE联合RFA治疗(联合组),37例行单纯TACE治疗(对照组)。术后随访,比较两组短期疗效、治疗后肝功能、血清甲胎蛋白、并发症以及远期生存率。结果联合组术后总有效率(29/35,82.86%)明显高于对照组(20/37,54.05%;P=0.009)。联合组和对照组术后血清甲胎蛋白降至(102.19±32.13)μg/L、(218.46±49.87)μg/L(P0.001)。联合组1、2、3年生存率分别82.86%、54.29%、34.29%,中位生存期25个月;对照组分别为54.05%、32.43%、13.51%,中位生存期16个月;两组生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。联合组及对照组治疗后肝功能均有一过性改变,术后2周基本恢复,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 TACE联合RFA治疗中晚期肝癌是有效的综合介入治疗方法。     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.     

The analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in patients with chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

Background : Ketamine in sub-dissociative doses has been shown to have analgesic and phantom-Limb pain, where conventional treatment has often failed. Chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans often responds poorly to analgesics, and the pain-generating mechanisms are not well understood.
Methods : Eight patients with rest pain in the lower extremity due to arteriosclerosis obliterans were given sub-dissociative doses of 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 mg/kg racemic ketamine and morphine 10 mg as a 5-min infusion on four separate days in a cross-over, double-blind, randomised protocol. Plasma levels of (S)- and (R)-ketamine and their nor-metabolites were analysed with an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pain levels were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results : Individual pain levels were highly variable during and after all the infusions but the pooled pain levels showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect of ketamine with a transient but complete pain relief in all patients at the highest dose (0.45 mg/ kg). Side-effects, mainly disturbed cognition and perception, were pronounced and dose-dependent. Morphine 10 mg had an analgesic peak at 20 min and 5/8 patients had complete pain relief. The remaining 3 patients also had high baseline pain scores, indicating a higher analgesic potency for the 0.30 and 0.45 mg/ kg ketamine doses than for morphine 10 mg.
Conclusion : We have demonstrated a potent dose-dependent analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in clinical ischemic pain. Due to a narrow therapeutic window, this analgesic effect is probably best utilised in combination with other analgesics.     

Intravenous endotoxin does not increase tissue extravasation of albumin in rats

Background : It is unclear whether activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increases or decreases the extravasation of plasma.
Methods : Chloralose anaesthetised male Wistar rats received E. coli lipopolysacharide (LPS), 3 mg kg^-1 i.v., or the corresponding volume of saline, 3 or 5 h before the end of the experiment. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Tissue clearance of radio-labelled albumin, during the last 2 h of each experiment, was determined by a double-isotope method. In separate animals, the serum concentration of nitrite and nitrate was determined, 5 h after LPS or the solvent.
Main Results : LPS initially decreased MAP and lastingly increased HR. In the 3-h LPS animals (n=8), tissue plasma clearance was lower in the heart and calf muscle and increased only in diaphragm, compared to corresponding control animals (n=8). In the 5-h LPS rats, clearance was lowered (n=8) in the entire gastrointestinal tract and in testes, compared to controls (n=8). The serum nitrite/nitrate concentration was higher in animals given LPS (n=6) than in controls (n=6).
Conclusion : After LPS, tissue clearance of albumin was not increased in any major tissue, in spite of increased serum levels of NO end products. Apparently, after activation of iNOS, the augmented release of NO is not necessarily associated with increased albumin extravasation.     

Adrenaline markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by a low-dose infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyl and adrenaline after major surgery: A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study with and without adrenaline

Background: Basic pharmacological research indicates that there are synergistic antinociceptive effects at the spinal cord level between adrenaline, fentanyl and bupivacaine. Our clinical experience with such a mixture in a thoracic epidural infusion after major surgery confirms this. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects on postoperative pain intensity, pain relief and side effects when removing adrenaline from this triple epidural mixture. Methods: A prospective, randomised, double-blind, cross-over study was carried out in 24 patients after major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Patients with only mild pain when coughing during a titrated thoracic epidural infusion of about 10 ml · h^?1 of bupivacaine 1 mg · ml^?1, fentanyl 2 μg · ml^?1, and adrenaline 2 μg · ml^?1 were included. On the 1^st and 2^nd postoperative days each patient was given a double-blind epidural infusion, at the same rate, with or without adrenaline. The effect was observed for 4 h or until pain when coughing became unacceptable in spite of a rescue analgesic procedure. Rescue analgesia consisted of up to two epidural bolus injections per hour and i.v. morphine if necessary. All patients received rectal paracetamol 1 g, every 8 h. Fentanyl serum concentrations were measured with a radioimmunoassay technique at the start and end of each study period. Main outcome measures were extent of sensory blockade and pain intensity at rest and when coughing, evaluated by a visual analogue scale, a verbal categorical rating scale, the Prince Henry Hospital pain score, and an overall quality of pain relief score. Results: The number of hypaesthetic dermatomal segments decreased (P <0.001) and pain intensity at rest and when coughing increased (P <0.001) when adrenaline was omitted from the triple epidural mixture. This change started within the first hour after removing adrenaline. After 3 h pain intensity when coughing had increased to unacceptable levels in spite of rescue analgesia (epidural bolus injections and i.v. morphine). Within 15–20 min after restarting the triple epidural mixture with adrenaline, pain intensity was again reduced to mild pain when coughing. Serum concentration of fentanyl doubled from 0.22 to 0.45 ng · ml^?1 (P <0.01), and there was more sedation during the period without adrenaline. Conclusions: Adrenaline increases sensory block and improves the pain-relieving effect of a mixture of bupivacaine and fentanyl infused epidurally at a thoracic level after major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Serum fentanyl concentrations doubled and sedation increased when adrenaline was removed from the epidural infusion, indicating more rapid vascular absorption and systemic effects of fentanyl.     

Utilisation des médicaments prokinétiques en réanimation : indications et limites ?

Enteral feeding is often limited by gastric and intestinal motility disturbances in critically ill patients, particularly in patients with shock. So, promotility agents are frequently used to improve tolerance to enteral nutrition. This review summaries the pathophysiology, presents the available pharmacological strategies, the clinical data, the counter-indications and the principal limits. The clinical data are poor. No study demonstrates a positive effect on clinical outcomes. Metoclopramide and erythromycin seems to be the more effective. Considering the risk of antibiotic resistance, the first line use of erythromycin should be avoided in favor of metoclopramide.     

Anesthésie générale chez l’enfant : quid des pratiques en 2010 ?

Introduction

The practice of pediatric anesthesia requires a regular update of scientific knowledge and technical skills. To provide the most adequate Continuing Medical Education programs, it is necessary to assess the practices of pediatric anesthesiologists. Thus, the objective of this survey was to draw a picture of the current clinical practices of general anesthesia in children, in France.

Material and methods

One thousand one hundred and fifty questionnaires were given to anesthesiologists involved in pediatric cases. These questionnaires collected information on various aspects of clinical practice relative to induction, maintenance, recovery from general anaesthesia and also classical debated points such as children with Upper Respiratory Infection (URI), emergence agitation, epileptoid signs or anaesthetic management of adenoidectomy. Differences in practices between CHG (general hospital), CHU (teaching hospital), LIBERAL (private) and PSPH (semi-private) hospitals were investigated.

Results

There were 1025 questionnaires completed. Fifty-five percent of responders worked in public hospitals (CHG and CHU); 77% had a practice that was 25% or less of pediatric cases. In children from 3 to 10 years: 72% of respondents used always premedication and two thirds performed inhalation induction in more than 50% of cases. For induction, 53% used sevoflurane (SEVO) at 7 or 8%. Respondents from LIBERAL used higher SEVO concentrations. Tracheal intubation was performed with SEVO alone (37%), SEVO and propofol (55%) and SEVO with myorelaxant (8%), 93% of respondents used a bolus of opioid. For maintenance, the majority of respondents used SEVO associated with sufentanil; desflurane and remifentanil were more frequently used in CHU. Two thirds of respondents used N₂O. Depth of anesthesia was commonly assessed by hemodynamic changes (52%), end tidal concentration of halogenated (38%) or automated devices based on EEG (7%). In children with URI, 98% of respondents used SEVO for anesthesia. To control the airway 42% used a tracheal tube, 30% a laryngeal mask and 20% a facial mask. Emergence agitation was an important concern for two thirds of respondents, while epileptoid signs were considered as important by only 20%. Eighty-nine percent of respondents practiced anesthesia for adenoidectomy. Anesthesia was induced by inhalation of SEVO 7–8% (41%), 6% (39%) or 4% (12%), 66% put an intravenous line (less frequently in LIBERAL). 67% of the responders managed adenoidectomy without any device to control the airway (more frequently in LIBERAL), 32% administrated a bolus of opioid (less frequently in LIBERAL).

Discussion

This survey demonstrated that the practices regarding general anesthesia in children are relatively homogenous. Most of the differences appeared between LIBERAL and the others structures; the anaesthetic management for adenoidectomy illustrates these findings.     

Intérêt d’une rééducation précoce pour les patients neurologiques

Rehabilitation improves the functional prognosis of patients after a neurologic lesion, and tendency is to begin rehabilitation as soon as possible. This review focuses on the interest and the feasibility of very early rehabilitation, initiated from critical care units. It is necessary to precisely assess patients’ impairments and disabilities in order to define rehabilitation objectives. Valid and simple tools must support this evaluation. Rehabilitation will be directed to preventing decubitus complications and active rehabilitation. The sooner rehabilitation is started; the better functional prognosis seems to be.     

Risiko Schlaganfall — Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Aufklärung dringend erforderlich

Zusammenfassung Das wesentliche — und zugleich noch wenig ausgeschöpfte — Potenzial der Schlaganfallmedizin liegt in der langfristigen Prophylaxe. Durch Beeinflussung von Lifestylefaktoren wie Ernährungsgewohnheiten, Zigarettenkonsum und körperlichem Training durch entsprechende Aufklärung ließe sich ein erheblicher Teil an zerebralen Ereignissen vermeiden. Ein weiterer in Deutschland noch zu wenig beachteter Faktor ist die konsequente Blutdruckeinstellung. Breitgestreute Aufklärung könnte außerdem potenziellen Patienten helfen, bereits auftretende Warnsymptome wie die transiente ischämische Attacke richtig einzuschätzen, um eine rechtzeitige Behandlung zu ermöglichen.