用人单位对住院医师胜任能力的满意度评价指标构建

目的 构建用人单位对住院医师胜任能力的满意度评价指标体系。方法 采用德尔菲（Delphi）法，通过两轮19名专家咨询，确定用人单位对住院医师胜任能力的满意度评价指标体系。采用SPSS 20.0进行统计学分析，计算专家积极系数、权威系数和协调程度。结果 两轮专家咨询中，咨询表回收率分别为95.0%和100%。专家权威系数为0.92。最终确定用人单位对住院医师胜任能力的满意度评价指标体系，包括一级指标5项、二级指标32项。一级指标变异系数（coefficient of variation，CV）均为0.00，二级指标的协调系数（Kendall’s W）为0.663。结论 用人单位对住院医师胜任能力的满意度评价指标体系结果科学可靠，专家意见集中，可作为用人单位对住院医师胜任能力满意度评价的有效工具。     

影像专科护士核心能力评价指标的构建、信效度检验分析

目的　探讨影像专科护士核心能力评价指标的构建、信效度检验分析。方法　首先成立研究小组查阅相关文献资料,经过研究小组成员反复讨论并邀请影像专科护士讨论、修改、完善评价指标体系框架,形成影像专科护士核心能力评价指标体系专家咨询问卷。通过两轮专家咨询构建影像专科护士核心能力评价指标体系,并以构建的指标体系为依据编制问卷调查表。采用问卷调查的方法验证本研究所构建的影像专科护士核心能力评价指标体系的合理性和科学性。结果　构建的影像专科护士核心能力评价指标体系包括3个一级指标、20个二级指标和48个三级指标。评价指标体系总体Cronbach’s α系数为0.972,一级指标影像专科护理理论知识、影像专科护士护理实践技能、相关能力的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.915、0.934、0.924。指标体系总体内容效度（content validity index,CVI）指数（S-CVI）为0.977,各条目的内容效度指数（I-CVI）为0.812~1.000。一级指标与指标体系总体相关系数为0.800~0.936（P<0.05）,二级指标与相应一级指标相关系数为0.562~0.972（P<0.05）,三级指标与相应一级指标的相关系数为0.362~0.914（P<0.05）。结论　构建的影像专科护士核心能力评价指标问卷信度良好,内部结构一致,具有较好的可行性、可靠性、合理性和科学性,为影像专科护士核心能力培养考核和评价提供了理论依据和实践指南。     

神经内科护士岗位胜任力评价指标体系的构建

目的构建一套适用于评价神经内科护士岗位胜任力的指标体系。方法采用文献分析法、理论分析法和半结构式访谈法初步拟订神经内科护士岗位胜任力评价指标体系,运用德尔菲法进行两轮专家咨询,修订、完善指标体系;运用层次分析法和专家评分法确定各指标权重。结果两轮专家咨询问卷的有效回收率分别为96%和100%,专家权威系数分别为0.788、0.838。一级、二级、三级指标的协调系数分别为W=0.492、W=0.471、W=0.384,各指标均值>3.50分,标准差<1.00,变异系数<0.25。最终确定的神经内科护士岗位胜任力评价指标体系包括4项一级指标、10项二级指标和46项三级指标。结论本研究专家积极性和权威程度较高,专家意见相对集中,构建的神经内科护士岗位胜任力评价指标体系具有科学性。     

基于岗位胜任力的中西医结合医院临床护士培训评价体系初探

目的　初步构建中西医结合医院临床护士岗位胜任力培训评价体系。方法　2016年12月至2017年8月,通过半结构访谈法,结合文献分析,初步拟定评价指标;运用德尔菲法,选取21名来自5家中医医院及医学高校的相关专家,完成2轮咨询及指标权重赋值,筛选并确定评价指标;使用SPSS 16.0录入与处理数据。结果　确定中西医结合医院临床护士岗位胜任力培训评价体系包括一级指标4项,二级指标20项;一级指标权重系数分别为0.260 9、0.259 8、0.257 0、0.222 4。专家两轮积极系数为100％、95.24%,权威系数0.88,变异系数分别为（0.092 3～0.162 8）和（0.043 0～0.182 7）。结论　初步构建的评价体系可为中西医结合医院临床护士岗位胜任力的培训目标确立提供指引,也为保障培训质量、主管部门实施培训评价提供参考。     

公共事业管理（卫生事业管理方向）专业本科毕业生职业基准胜任力评价指标研究

目的 构建科学客观的公共事业管理（卫生事业管理方向）专业本科毕业生职业基准胜任力评价指标。方法 基于Hay Group公司的18个经典胜任力要素,应用行为事件方法和Delphi专家咨询法构建公共事业管理（卫生事业管理方向）专业本科毕业生职业基准胜任力评价指标体系。使用EpiData3.1进行资料录入,用SPSS 26.0和Excel 2010进行资料的分析,进行描述性统计分析。结果 两轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率分别为100.0%和95.5%,专家权威系数为0.80;构建了包含4个一级指标、27个二级指标的本科毕业生职业基准胜任力评价指标。结论 卫生管理专业本科毕业生职业基准胜任力评价指标体系具有科学性和有效性,对卫生管理专业人才的培养、选拔、培训、考核具有重要借鉴意义。     

临床医学专业学位博士研究生教育与专科医师规范化培训并轨改革方案指标体系构建研究

目的　探索临床医学专业学位博士研究生教育与专科医师规范化培训并轨改革方案。方法　采用文献分析法、专家访谈法初步构建并轨培养方案初步框架,通过专家咨询法确定最终指标体系。通过Excel 2010录入数据资料,利用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果　经过两轮专家咨询,从招生方式、培养资源、培养内容、培养方式、培养考核、质量监控这6个方面最终确定了临床医学专业学位博士与专科规范化培训医师并轨培养的框架,建立了包含6个一级指标、26个二级指标、72个三级指标的并轨培养方案指标体系。结论　通过科学地制定系统的培养方案,建立以岗位胜任力为核心培养内容和全方位考评体系,使用弹性学制,为开展临床医学专业学位博士研究生教育与专科医师规范化培训并轨改革提供了依据。     

以胜任力为导向的"特殊环境医学"课程内容体系的构建

目的　以学员岗位胜任力为导向构建新开课程"特殊环境医学"的课程内容体系。方法　结合军校学员特点，分析中国医师岗位胜任力需求，利用科学的方法进行课程内容体系构建。本研究采用德尔菲法和层次分析法构建特殊环境医学课程内容体系。遴选的专家意见用Kendall’s W协调系数表示，用卡方检验进行统计分析。各级条目层级和权重采用层次分析法，一致性比率（CR）作统计检验。通过检验（CR<0.1）方可纳入体系内。结果　遴选的专家权威性、积极性高，专家意见一致性好，并形成了5条Ⅰ级条目、15条Ⅱ级条目、54条Ⅲ级条目的教材内容体系和13个知识模块用于实际授课，以及1种综合研讨课。结论　以中国医师岗位胜任力的需求为指导，通过定性和定量相结合的研究方法，构建了特殊环境医学教学课程内容体系。     

临床医学研究生导师能力评价指标体系的构建及信度和效度分析

目的　构建临床医学研究生导师能力评价指标体系。方法　在"文献优选法"基础上，采用"德尔菲法"由14名专家初步构建指标体系。在109人的调查研究中，采用Cronbach’s α系数和探索性因子分析进行信度和效度评价，采用层次分析法计算各指标权重。分别使用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 26.0软件完成统计分析。结果　临床医学研究生导师能力评价指标体系包含2个一级指标、5个二级指标、27个三级指标。总指标体系、一级指标和二级指标内部Cronbach’s α系数为0.833~0.931。探索性因子分析共萃取5个公因子，因子内涵与理论结构基本相符。以5个二级指标为一阶因子建立验证性因子模型，理论模型与实际数据拟合良好。三级指标"导师治学态度""导师医德医风""导师主持承担的科研课题""研究生学位论文质量""研究生科研培养质量""研究生临床培养质量""导师可支配的科研经费"为组合权重值的前7位。结论　构建的临床医学研究生导师能力评价指标体系内涵比较合理，具有良好的信度和效度，可作为导师评价的参考依据。     

大型体育赛事医疗保障人员岗位胜任力评价指标的构建

目的构建大型体育赛事医疗保障人员岗位胜任力评价指标体系。方法以岗位胜任力为理论基础,通过文献回顾及调查研究初步拟定大型体育赛事医疗保障人员岗位胜任力评价指标,采用德尔菲法进行专家咨询。结果2轮专家咨询的积极性均为100.0%,第1轮及第2轮的专家权威系数分别为0.885和0.905,第1轮及第2轮的肯德尔协调系数分别为0.22和0.31,最终确定的大型体育赛事医疗保障人员岗位胜任力评价指标体系包含3项一级指标,9项二级指标,28项三级指标。结论该研究构建的大型体育赛事医疗保障人员岗位胜任力评价指标体系构建方法科学,可为培养大型体育赛事医疗保障人员提供依据。     

临床护理"双师型"教师岗位胜任力评价及相关因素分析

目的　调查临床护理"双师型"教师岗位胜任力状况，并分析影响其岗位胜任力的相关因素。方法　采用临床护理教师胜任力问卷对西南医科大学附属医院临床护理"双师型"教师及"非双师型"教师共312人进行调查。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行t检验、卡方检验和秩和检验。结果　临床护理"双师型"教师岗位胜任力自我评价平均分值为（4.26 ±0.41）分，高于"非双师型"教师（3.19±0.50），胜任力较好。自我评价维度中，职业素养（17.39±1.54）、专业态度（21.75±2.21）、专业能力（21.14±2.31）、教学能力（50.39±5.93）、人际协调能力（25.57±3.04）、人格特征（17.27±2.04）分值差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。不同性别（P=0.735）、是否是专科护士（P=0.335）的岗位胜任力自我评价分值差异无统计学意义；有无教师资格证（P=0.001）、是否是科室骨干（P=0.002）、不同学历（P=0.001）、不同年龄（P<0.001）、不同职称（P<0.001）、不同工作年限（P<0.001）的岗位胜任力自我评价分值差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论　"双师型"教师与"非双师型"教师应以岗位胜任力为核心定位，采取"阶梯式"的培养和管理模式，不断完善岗位胜任力的培训计划。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.