椎体切除植骨融合内固定治疗颈胸交界椎体转移瘤

目的探讨经前路切除颈胸交界椎体转移瘤,采用钛网植骨加钢板内固定重建椎体的临床应用价值。方法行前路椎体切除,钛网自体髂骨植骨融合,钢板内固定治疗12例颈胸交界椎体转移瘤。结果 12例均获得随访。随访时间6～49个月,平均18个月。全部病例植骨融合满意,局部肿瘤无复发,内固定物无断裂、松动、滑脱等并发症。伴有神经功能障碍者,其神经功能均有不同程度的恢复。结论经前路切除转移瘤椎体,钛网植骨加钢板重建切除后椎体,可即刻保证固定节段稳定性。植骨融合良好,明显改善神经功能,对提高该类患者生活质量、延长患者生命有很大的作用。     

前路U形钛板在腰骶段脊柱肿瘤切除术后稳定性重建中的应用

目的:评价U形钛板在前路腰骶段肿瘤切除脊柱稳定性重建手术中的应用效果。方法:21例腰骶椎肿瘤患者均采取前方手术入路,肿瘤切除后6例良性肿瘤患者应用自体髂骨植骨、钛板内固定,15例恶性肿瘤患者采用骨水泥填充、钛板内固定。随访观察治疗效果。结果:所有患者随访8～24个月,平均16个月,腰骶部疼痛及骶神经压迫症状均明显改善,6例良性肿瘤患者3个月后均达骨性融合;15例应用骨水泥填充治疗的恶性肿瘤患者内置物位置良好无移位,1例患者术后16个月死于肺转移,1例术后未坚持放化疗,3个月后局部复发,出现瘫痪症状,余13例未见肿瘤局部复发和转移。所有患者内固定无松动和断裂。结论:前路腰骶段脊柱肿瘤切除后应用骨水泥或自体髂骨植骨加前路钛板内固定有利于维持脊柱及骨盆的连续性,可前路一期完成减压和稳定性重建,固定牢靠,创伤较小,是腰骶段脊柱稳定性重建可选择的方式之一。     

胸椎椎体切除植骨内固定治疗上胸椎骨折脱位

目的　探讨上胸椎骨折脱位经胸手术治疗的方法和临床效果。方法　对 8例上胸椎骨折脱位患者采用经胸入路椎体切除减压椎间植骨椎体侧前方内固定,根据骨折程度分别切除 1~3个椎体,固定节段由T2 ~T8, 5例采用椎体间肋骨条或髂骨块植骨, 3例采用钛网融合器。固定器材采用TSRH 4例,ScoFix2例,中华长城 1例,Ventrofix1例,采用上下单一椎体或多椎体固定。术前Frankel分级:A级 6例,B级 2例,C级 1例。结果　后凸畸形平均矫正18°,术后Frankel分级:A级 4例,B级 2例,D级 1例,E级 2例, 5例经半年以上随访均获植骨融合。1例发生钛网移位,卧床时间延长至术后 3个月使之稳定。结论　经胸手术治疗上胸椎损伤可以同时达到减压、矫形的双重目的,并能有效地重建脊柱稳定加速植骨融合。     

侧前路减压、脊柱重建治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折

目的探讨胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折侧前路减压与重建的临床效果。方法对19例胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折侧前路减压及髂骨、肋骨、钛网植骨加Z—plate、Kaneda内固定系统重建脊柱稳定的临床资料进行总结。结果经平均13个月随访，术后脊柱序列及生理曲度恢复正常，椎管无占位，植骨融合良好，无继发性后凸畸形发生，无钢板、螺丝钉断裂及松动等并发症。结论侧前路手术可一期实现椎管前方减压．且直接、彻底，使神经获得最大限度的功能恢复，Z—plate、Kaneda内固定直接作用于骨折部位可以对椎体间支撑和对植骨加压，促进植骨融合，适合于胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折的脊柱稳定性重建和早期功能恢复。     

前后路联合一期全椎体切除脊柱重建治疗胸腰椎恶性肿瘤

[目的]探讨前后路联合一期全椎体切除脊柱重建治疗胸腰椎肿瘤的疗效及优越性。[方法]应用前路全椎体切除、钛网植骨或钛网骨水泥椎体重建和后路椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗胸腰椎恶性肿瘤24例。[结果]术后随访9—35个月。所有患者疼痛症状均消除，9例不完全截瘫患者平均恢复1．8级（Frankel分级），2例大小便功能障碍者均恢复，4例远处重要脏器转移死亡，所有随访达6—9个月的病例均骨性融合，无内固定松动断裂，1例术后1年复发。[结论]前后路联合一期全椎体切除脊柱重建治疗胸腰椎恶性肿瘤能有效切除肿瘤、重建脊柱稳定性、提高病人生活质量。     

前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核并不全瘫

目的 探讨前路一期病灶清除联合植骨融合内固定治疗胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核合并不全瘫痪的治疗效果.方法 对16例胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核并脊髓损伤致不完全瘫痪的患者经胸或胸腹前路行一期病灶清除、椎间肋骨(钛网)植骨、椎体行内固定术.术后正规四联化疗方案治疗.结果 患者切口均一期愈合.16例均获随访,时间12 ～60个月.植骨部分融合时间为3～8个月,到末次随访时植骨全部融合.后凸畸形明显改善.无钛网移位及内固定松动发生.结论 经胸及胸腹前路一期病灶清除联合肋骨(钛网)植骨及内固定治疗胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核合并不全瘫痪疗效满意.     

前路减压、钛网支撑植骨、Z-Plate钢板内固定治疗陈旧性胸腰段脊柱骨折

目的 探讨陈旧性胸腰段脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤的前路减压和应用Z-Plate钢板内固定及钛网支撑植骨的优点。方法 对48例陈旧性胸腰段脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤的病例进行回顾性分析。结果 48例均行前路椎管减压、钛网支撑植骨及Z-Plate钢板内固定。平均随访时间16．5个月,术后椎体间均获骨性融合,95．8％患者神经功能有不同程度恢复,平均改善1．1级,无并发症发生。结论 该方法可充分利用切除的肋骨和减压碎骨块进行植骨,避免取自体髂骨,纠正脊柱后凸,提高椎体问融合率,以重新获得脊柱的稳定性。     

脊柱转移性肿瘤的手术切除与脊柱稳定性重建

目的观察脊柱转移性肿瘤的手术切除和脊柱稳定性重建的外科疗效。方法对29例脊柱转移眭肿瘤患者进行脊椎肿瘤切除减压，单纯植骨或钛网、人工椎体植骨加椎弓根钉棒或钢板螺钉内固定，一期重建脊柱稳定性，术后根据病理结果均给予化疗、放疗和激素等综合治疗。观察术后局部疼痛缓解，脊髓神经功能恢复及脊柱椎节的稳定性情况。结果随访6个月～62个月，平均26个月。所有病人术后局部疼痛缓解，脊髓神经功能无加重损伤，其中12例患者脊髓神经功能得到不同程度恢复。术后影像学检查提示：脊柱内固定物在位，椎体序列恢复良好，椎问高度恢复。结论脊柱转移性肿瘤的手术切除和脊柱稳定性重建的外科疗效肯定，适应征具备者应积极手术治疗。     

脊柱转移瘤病椎切除及稳定性重建

目的 探讨脊柱转移瘤切除、融合及稳定性重建在治疗转移性脊柱肿瘤中的必要性和可行性.方法 2002年6月-2007年8月对11例脊柱转移瘤患者行前路病椎切除自体髂骨植骨钛板内固定术或联合后路椎板切除减压术治疗,随访观察患者术后局部疼痛缓解,脊髓神经功能恢复及脊柱稳定性情况.结果 术后颈肩腰背痛及放射痛基本缓解,早期开始肢体功能锻炼,术后3～5周佩戴支具离床活动.随访5个月～2年,患者神经压迫症状明显改善.内固定物无松动、断钉现象,椎体尤塌陷结论前路手术切除病变椎体并自体髂骨植骨前路钛板内固定重建脊柱稳定性或联合后路椎板切除减压治疗脊柱转移瘤是可行性的,可提高患者生存期内的生活质量.     

手术治疗6例症状性脊柱血管瘤

目的评价360°全脊柱切除治疗症状性脊柱血管瘤的手术疗效。方法对6例胸椎血管瘤骨外生长压迫脊髓引起神经功能障碍患者,采用360°全脊柱切除、椎体重建植骨融合、后路椎弓根螺钉系统固定治疗。2例术后辅以放射治疗。结果术中失血量1 000~1 500 ml。患者术后神经压迫症状均消失,随访1~4年,未见肿瘤复发,植骨均融合,内固定未见松动、断裂。结论对胸椎椎体血管瘤合并胸脊髓压迫症患者,采用360°全脊柱切除、椎体重建植骨融合、后路椎弓根螺钉系统固定的手术方法,具有可靠、持久的疗效。     

经后路椎间盘镜椎间盘切除术

本院于２０００年３月至２００１年１１月，采用经后路椎间盘镜施行腰椎间盘手术（MED组）６６例，与１９９８年１月至２０００年４月采用传统开放手术（传统组）５８例进行了比较观察，MED组恢复良好。报告如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料：MED组中男４４例，女２２例，年龄３０～６５岁，平均４８岁；病程１个月～６年，平均２年５个月；其中多间隙突出８例，巨大中央型突出５例，突出髓核伴钙化１１例，明显小关节内聚伴侧隐窝狭窄１０例，腰椎间盘侧后方突出或或脱出２９例，伴黄韧带肥厚３例，其中６例合并以上两种病变。传统组…     

相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的手术治疗

目的探讨前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的临床疗效。方法2002年3月至2005年3月,对21例相隔一个正常椎体的跳跃性胸腰椎椎体结核患者施行前路病灶清除植骨融合椎体钉棒内固定治疗,植骨采用自体髂骨-肋骨或钛网-肋骨植骨。男14例,女7例;年龄22～67岁,平均43岁。病变范围：T4～L3,胸椎12例,胸腰段6例,腰椎3例。两处跳跃病变破坏2个椎体1例、3个椎体7例、4个椎体10例;三处跳跃病变破坏5个椎体2例,6个椎体1例。病变节段后凸角：胸椎30°～50°,胸腰段15°～30°,腰椎10°～20°。4例伴不完全截瘫。术前强化抗痨2～4周,术后规则抗痨1年。结果21例患者随访2.1～5.1年,平均3.4年。切口均一期愈合,术后早期肺不张2例,腹胀1例,经保守治疗1周内恢复。术后1～3个月红细胞沉降率、C-反应蛋白逐渐恢复正常。手术矫正后凸畸形10°～30°,末次随访畸形矫正角度丢失≤5.1°。植骨于术后3个月开始出现融合,随访期间无植骨块移位和内固定松动、折断。4例不完全截瘫患者术后6个月神经功能基本恢复正常。结论前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核可彻底清除病灶、矫正后凸畸形、重建和维持脊柱稳定性。     

Cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery

A case of cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery is presented. This entity is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. The present case is the first to be demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of considering this vascular anomaly in the differential diagnosis of cervical spinal tumors is discussed.     

Age-related changes in vertebral height ratios and vertebral fracture

Because no gold standard for the definition of vertebral fracture exists, there has been controversy about whether mild vertebral deformities are truly fractures or simply normal variation in vertebral size and shape. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of mild variations of vertebral height ratios to definite vertebral fractures. In 479 Japanese women (age 53.9±9.1 years) who visited our institute for a medical checkup, we performed lateral lumbar radiographs and morphometric parameters were derived by measuring the anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) height of each vertebral body from T12 to L4. Vertebral height ratios, Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp or Hp/Hp of adjacent vertebrae that were more than 3 SD different from vertebra-specific means of normative data were considered to indicate fractures. Forty-five women were diagnosed with at least one fracture. After excluding the subjects with vertebral fracture, we examined the associations of the variations in vertebral height ratios with age, anthropometric parameters and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral height ratios, especially Hm/Hp in postmenopausal women, tended to decrease with age and were positively associated with BMD. No significant correlation was observed between anthropometric parameters and vertebral height ratios. Age-related decrease in vertebral height ratios (Ha/Hp and Hm/Hp, each averaged from T12 to L4) was significant even after the correction for BMD. Mean values of height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae adjusted for age and BMD were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture than in those without vertebral fracture. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMD and height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae were independent predictors of vertebral fracture risk. The results suggest that older women, and women with at least one obvious (3 SD) fracture, tend to have mild deformities which do not qualify using the 3 SD definition. These mild deformities may represent real consequences of osteoporosis, because they are more pronounced among women with obvious fracture.     

Diagnosis of vertebral fractures by vertebral fracture assessment.

Vertebral fractures are independent risk factors for both vertebral and peripheral fractures and only one-third of these fractures come to clinical attention. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a radiographic method using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess vertebral deformities during bone density measurement. We performed VFA of the spine from T4 to L5 on a Delphi W device (Hologic, Bedford, MA) in 136 postmenopausal patients (69+/-10 yr). These patients also had X-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. VFA was independently compared with X-rays by two rheumatologists, for the diagnosis of vertebral fractures at both the patient and vertebral levels. Using X-rays, 61 patients (45%) had at least one vertebral fracture. The percentage of unreadable vertebrae was 1% and 12.4% on X-rays and VFA, respectively (p<0.0001). At the patient level, VFA allowed to diagnose if the patient had no fracture or had at least one fracture in 74% of patients. In 11.2% of cases, VFA misclassified the patients. At the vertebral level, diagnostic efficacy of VFA as compared with X-rays was 97%. Concordance between both observers was good (kappa-score=0.69). We designed an algorithm for decision of performing X-rays in postmenopausal women: Using results of VFA would avoid X-rays in 32% of our patients. VFA is a reliable technique with low radiation, and is easily and rapidly applicable during bone density measurement by DXA, which could improve management of osteoporotic patients.     

Predicting human vertebral bone strength by vertebral static histomorphometry

The study investigates the relationship between static histomorphometry and bone strength of human lumbar vertebral bone. The ability of vertebral histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was compared with that of vertebral densitometry, and also with histomorphometry and bone strength of iliac crest bone biopsies. The material comprised matched sets of second lumbar vertebrae, third lumbar vertebrae, and two iliac crest bone biopsies from each of 21 women (19--96 years) and 24 men (23--95 years). One of the iliac crest biopsies and 9-mm-thick mediolateral slices of half of each of the entire vertebral bodies (L-2) were used for histomorphometry. The other iliac crest biopsies and the L-3 were destructively tested by compression. High correlation was found between BV/TV or Tb.Sp and vertebral bone strength (absolute value of r = 0.86 in both cases). Addition of Tb.Th significantly improved the correlation between BV/TV and bone strength, and the addition of bone space star volume significantly improved the correlation between Tb.Sp and bone strength (from absolute value of r = 0.86 to absolute value of r = 0.89 in both cases). Bone structure (connectivity density) was not capable of improving the prediction of bone strength of the vertebral body. The correlations between BV/TV of L-2 and bone strength of L-3 were comparable with the correlation obtained by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral QCT (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptrometry (DEXA) of L-3 and bone strength of L-3. The iliac crest was found to have low predictive power of vertebral bone strength (iliac BV/TV: r = 0.62; iliac bone strength: r = 0.67). No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. It was shown that trabecular bone volume BV/TV and mean trabecular plate separation Tb.Sp are good predictors of vertebral bone strength. The ability of histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was comparable to that of densitometry. Bone structure assessed by connectivity density did not improve the correlation between static histomorphometric measures and vertebral bone strength. No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. Neither static histomorphometry nor biomechanical testing of iliac crest bone biopsies is a good predictor of vertebral bone strength.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体强化术后椎体高度再丢失的研究进展

正经皮椎体强化术包括经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP),两者通过微创手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF),可有效缓解疼痛、恢复压缩椎体高度和脊柱稳定性。但近年来观察到PVP和PKP术后恢复的椎体高度存在再丢失现象(没有创伤的情况下),术后椎体高度的再丢     

椎动脉三维CT血管成像对椎动脉型颈椎病的诊断价值

目的:探讨椎动脉三维CT血管成像(CTA)在椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)诊断中的应用价值。方法:2007年7月～2008年4月临床上诊断为CSA的患者共21例(CSA组),对其CTA上显示的椎动脉、横突孔及钩椎关节增生情况进行观测,并与21例非CSA患者(对照组)的CTA观测结果进行比较分析。结果:CSA组中椎动脉正常者4例,管腔变细者7例,走行异常者1例,椎动脉硬化者2例,管腔局限性狭窄者4例,血管走行迂曲者3例,无血管闭塞的患者。对照组中14例椎动脉表现正常,管腔变细者4例,走行迂曲者3例。两组中血管正常、局限性狭窄出现比率间均有显著性差异(P0.05,χ2分别为9.72、1.21)。CSA组中11例(52.4%)患者共有36个钩椎关节增生,以C4～C7增生(28个,77.8%)最为常见,32个(88.9%)为轻度增生,3个(8.3%)为中度增生,1个(2.8%)为重度增生。对照组中,6例(28.6%)患者共有19个钩椎关节增生,只有1个(5.3%)表现为中度增生,其余均为轻度增生。结论:CTA可以较好地显示椎动脉异常、局限性狭窄及钩椎关节的增生情况,在CSA中具有一定的诊断价值。     

Effectiveness of instant vertebral assessment to detect prevalent vertebral fracture

Introduction Vertebral fracture is currently underdiagnosed, despite its common severity and its value to predict further osteoporotic fracture. Morphometry using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)] is a new technique that may facilitate detection of many vertebral fractures, as images are obtained at the same time as bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, and would also allow avoiding spine radiographs.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the diagnostic value of Instant Vertebral Assessment (IVA), which is a morphometry scan using the Hologic Delphi densitometer, to detect prevalent vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. Interobserver precision was assessed, then IVA scans were compared with lateral spine radiographs, considered the gold standard, to test diagnostic agreement between the two techniques. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated, as well as the likelihood ratio of the positive test, using sensitivity and specificity at each vertebral level.Results Among 85 patients of whom 50% had at least one vertebral fracture identified with radiographs, we found that interobserver precision was moderate, with frequent difficulties in discerning upper thoracic vertebrae. On a per-vertebra basis, sensitivity was around 70% from L4 to T11 and lower above T11 whereas specificity was above 90% for all vertebrae, and the negative predictive value remained above 80% from L4 to T7 and decreased above T7. On a per-patient basis, sensitivity was 0.69, specificity 0.74, positive predictive value equalled 0.72 and negative predictive value 0.71. When only grades 2 and 3 fractures were considered, results were comparable, with slightly improved specificity. Then, with the likelihood ratios calculated in our sample, we obtained posttest probabilities using the prevalence of vertebral fracture at lumbar and thoracic levels in a large sample of postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis with and without vertebral fracture [baseline data in women of the Multiple Outcomes on Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) trial]. At levels where fractures were most common, likelihood ratios of the positive test were good or excellent, associated with sizeable posttest probabilities.Conclusion IVA allowed diagnosis of vertebral fracture at levels where vertebral fracture were most common, i.e., the lumbar and mid and lower thoracic levels, but its value was weaker at the upper thoracic levels.